共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Olga A. Mostovaya Maria N. Agafonova Andrey V. Galukhin Bulat I. Khayrutdinov Daut Islamov Olga N. Kataeva Igor S. Antipin Alexander I. Konovalov Ivan I. Stoikov 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2014,27(1):57-65
Promising membrane transport and separation systems for selected dicarboxylic, α‐hydroxy‐ and α‐amino acids based on thiacalixarene platform have been developed. For the first time, p‐tert‐butyl thiacalix[4]arenes functionalized at the lower rim with aminophosphonate fragments have been obtained and characterized. As was established by UV–vis spectroscopy, membrane extraction and HPLC, the substitution of amino groups by α‐aminophosphonate units significantly enhances the selectivity of host molecules that bind to aspartic and glycolic acids. The aminophosphonate compounds synthesized can be used in the development of sensors and systems employed in the purification and separation of organic acids. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
Ivan I. Stoikov Elena A. Yushkova Igor S. Antipin Alexander I. Konovalov 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2011,13(12):6603-6611
The effect of solvent nature and temperature on the formation of 3D-dimensional SAM (self-assembled monolayers on nanoparticles)
based on synthetically available stereoisomers of p-tert-butyl thiacalix[4]arenes tetrasubstituted at the lower rim by pyrrolidide and octylamide groups (cone, partial cone, and 1,3-alternate) with lithium and silver nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light-scattering and transmission electron microscopy.
It was found that the variation of the temperature of the system and the nature of the solvent leads to the formation discrete
or extended particles (CH2Cl2) (98–110 nm), nanostructures (CH3CN) (120–295 nm) or three-dimensional SAM (DMF) (1–13 nm; 46–622 nm). 相似文献
3.
Amphiphilic p‐tert‐butylthiacalix[4]arenes containing quaternary ammonium groups: from small molecules toward water‐soluble nanoscale associates 下载免费PDF全文
Elena A. Andreyko Pavel L. Padnya Ivan I. Stoikov 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2015,28(8):527-535
The formation of supramolecular associates based on water‐soluble p‐tert‐butylthiacalix[4]arenes with amino acids has been studied. It was shown that amphiphilic p‐tert‐butylthiacalix[4]arenes preferably formed supramolecular associates with aromatic α‐amino acids (tyrosine and tryptophan). Increasing size of the substituents of p‐tert‐butylthiacalix[4]arenes led to increase molecular weight of supramolecular associates based on the macrocycles and “guest” molecules. The spatial structures of p‐tert‐butylthiacalix[4]arenes and their associates with phenylalanine were studied by two‐dimensional 1H‐1H nuclear Overhauser effect NMR spectroscopy. The ability of aggregates based on p‐tert‐butylthiacalix[4]arenes and amino acids to effectively interact with bovine serum albumin with the formation of 7‐ to 8‐nm nanoparticles was shown. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
Luidmila S. Yakimova Leysan H. Gilmanova Vladimir G. Evtugyn Yuri N. Osin Ivan I. Stoikov 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2017,19(5):173
Novel water-soluble anionic p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene with propanesulfonate fragments has been synthesized. Alkylation of the lower rim of thiacalix[4]arene in the presence of NaH/THF led to cone conformation instead of the expected 1,3-alternate conformer due to metal template effect. The presence of supramolecular associates at the critical micelle concentration of 1.65 · 10?5 M were investigated in aqueous solutions by a combination of different techniques (DLS and conductivity). It was observed that the macrocyclic platform decreases the CMC by tenfold as compared with non-macrocycle analogs. A simple approach for the design of stable monodisperse Ag-based nanoaggregates (near 95 nm) containing ionic Ag and organic ligand–thiacalix[4]arene sulfo derivative in water has been developed. Self-assembled fractal hybrid nanodendrites consisting of water-soluble anionic (thia)calix[4]arenes and Ag+ have been obtained in a single step under mild conditions. 相似文献
5.
D. A. Fayzullin N. N. Vylegzhanina O. I. Gnezdilov V. V. Salnikov A. V. Galukhin I. I. Stoikov I. S. Antipin Yu. F. Zuev 《Applied magnetic resonance》2011,40(2):231-243
The influence of p-tert-butyl thiacalix[4]arenes (1,3-alternate) functionalized by N-propyl morpholine, N,N-dipropyliden-amine and aminodiacetate fragments on dynamic structure of liposomal membranes prepared from dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
was investigated by means of electron spin resonance spin-probe technique and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Nuclear
magnetic resonance and transmission electron microscopy techniques were applied to characterize the interacting systems. The
obtained results have shown that all studied calixarenes interact with polar domains of bilayer. Depending on functional groups
and hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties of calixarenes they can dip into bilayer, locate close to the surface of bilayer or
form bridges between positively charged groups of adjacent lipid molecules, thus assisting to disordering or putting in order
the lipid molecules. 相似文献
6.
Shamil K. Latypov Sergey V. Kharlamov Anton A. Muravev Alsu A. Balandina Svetlana E. Solovieva Igor S. Antipin Alexander I. Konovalov 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2013,26(5):407-414
According to the quantum chemical calculations and Dynamic NMR experiments in the distally disubstituted classical and thiacalix[4]arenes (CCA and TCA) in addition to the C2v symmetrical pinched cone (PC) conformation, the distorted cone (DC) form with an approximate Cs overall symmetry (with two OH groups bonded to one oxygen atom) also corresponds to the energy minimum. Moreover, in DC form, two different mutual orientations of O–R groups at a lower rim lead to two stable conformations: the first ‐ with both these groups directed outward, the second ‐ with both these groups pointing toward the same direction. In CCA, the PC is essentially favoured over the DC, while in TCA, energies of these forms are similar or the latter may be even preferable. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
R. Holomb A. Martinelli I. Albinsson J. C. Lassgues P. Johansson P. Jacobsson 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2008,39(7):793-805
As a probe of local structure, the vibrational properties of the 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim][BF4] ionic liquid were studied by infrared (IR), Raman spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations. The coexistence of at least four [bmim]+ conformers (GG, GA, TA, and AA) at room temperature was established through unique spectral responses. The Raman modes characteristic of the two most stable [bmim]+ conformers, GA and AA, according to the ab initio calculations, increase in intensity with decreasing temperature. To assess the total spectral behavior of the ionic liquid both the contributions of different [bmim]+ conformers and the [bmim]+− [BF4]− interactions to the vibrational spectra are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
A combined experimental and density functional study of 1‐(arylsulfonyl)‐2‐R‐4‐chloro‐2‐butenes reactivity towards the allylic chlorine 下载免费PDF全文
Sergey V. Bondarchuk Victor V. Smalius Boris F. Minaev 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2015,28(6):403-413
Nucleophilic substitution and dehydrochlorination reactions of a number of the ring‐substituted 1‐(arylsulfonyl)‐2‐R‐4‐chloro‐2‐butenes are studied both experimentally and theoretically. The developed synthetic procedures are characterized by a general rapidity, cheapness, and simplicity providing moderate to high yields of 1‐arylsulfonyl 1,3‐butadienes (48–95%), 1‐(arylsulfonyl)‐2‐R‐4‐(N,N‐dialkylamino)‐2‐butenes (31–53%), 1‐(arylsulfonyl)‐2‐R‐2‐buten‐4‐ols (37–61%), and bis[4‐(arylsulfonyl)‐3‐R‐but‐2‐enyl]sulfides (40–70%). The density functional theory B3LYP/6‐311++G(2d,2p) calculations of the intermediate allylic cations in acetone revealed their high stability occurring from a resonance stabilization and hyperconjugation by the SO2Ar group. The reactivity parameters estimated at the bond critical points of the diene/allylic moiety display a high correlation (R2 > 0.97) with the Hammett (σp) constants. 1‐Arylsulfonyl 1,3‐butadienes are characterized by a partly broken π conjugated system, which follows from analysis of the two‐centered delocalization (δ) and localization (λ) index values. The highest occupied molecular orbital energies of 1‐arylsulfonyl 1,3‐butadienes are lower than those of 1,3‐butadiene explaining their low reactivity towards the Diels–Alder condensation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Jose R Mora María Tosta Rosa M. Domínguez Armando Herize Jenny Barroso Tania Córdova Gabriel Chuchani 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2007,20(12):1021-1031
The gas‐phase elimination kinetics of the title compounds were carried out in a static reaction system and seasoned with allyl bromide. The working temperature and pressure ranges were 200–280 °C and 22–201.5 Torr, respectively. The reactions are homogeneous, unimolecular, and follow a first‐order rate law. These substrates produce isobutene and corresponding carbamic acid in the rate‐determining step. The unstable carbamic acid intermediate rapidly decarboxylates through a four‐membered cyclic transition state (TS) to give the corresponding organic nitrogen compound. The temperature dependence of the rate coefficients is expressed by the following Arrhenius equations: for tert‐butyl carbamate logk1 (s?1) = (13.02 ± 0.46) – (161.6 ± 4.7) kJ/mol(2.303 RT)?1, for tert‐butyl N‐hydroxycarbamate logk1 (s?1) = (12.52 ± 0.11) – (147.8 ± 1.1) kJ/mol(2.303 RT)?1, and for 1‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐imidazole logk1 (s?1) = (11.63 ± 0.21)–(134.9 ± 2.0) kJ/mol(2.303 RT)?1. Theoretical studies of these elimination were performed at Møller–Plesset MP2/6‐31G and DFT B3LYP/6‐31G(d), B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) levels of theory. The calculated bond orders, NBO charges, and synchronicity (Sy) indicate that these reactions are concerted, slightly asynchronous, and proceed through a six‐membered cyclic TS type. Results for estimated kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are discussed in terms of the proposed reaction mechanism and TS structure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Yuriy N. Kozlov Galina V. Nizova Georgiy B. Shul'pin 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2008,21(2):119-126
The kinetics of cyclohexane (CyH) oxygenation with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in acetonitrile at 50 °C catalysed by a dinuclear manganese(IV) complex 1 containing 1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane and co‐catalysed by oxalic acid have been studied. It has been shown that an active form of the catalyst (mixed‐valent dimeric species ‘MnIIIMnIV’) is generated only in the interaction between complex 1 and TBHP and oxalic acid in the presence of water. The formation of this active form is assumed to be due to the hydrolysis of the Mn? O? Mn bonds in starting compound 1 and reduction of one MnIV to MnIII. A species which induces the CyH oxidation is radical tert‐BuO . generated by the decomposition of a monoperoxo derivative of the active form. The constants of the equilibrium formation and the decomposition of the intermediate adduct between TBHP and 1 have been measured: K = 7.4 mol?1 dm3 and k = 8.4 × 10?2 s?1, respectively, at [H2O] = 1.5 mol dm?3 and [oxalic acid] = 10?2 mol dm?3. The constant ratio for reactions of the monomolecular decomposition of tert‐butoxy radical (tert‐BuO . → CH3COCH3 + CH) and its interaction with the CyH (tert‐BuO . + CyH → tert‐BuOH + Cy . ) was calculated: 0.26 mol dm?3. One of the reasons why oxalic acid accelerates the oxidation is due to the formation of an adduct between oxalic acid and 1 (K ≈ 103 mol?1 dm3). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
Nataliya F. Lazareva Bagrat A. Shainyan Erich Kleinpeter 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2010,23(1):84-89
4‐Alkyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4,2,6‐oxaazadisilinanes RN[CH2Si(Me)2]2O [R = Me ( 1 ), i‐Pr ( 2 )] were synthesized by two methods which provided good yields up to 84%. Low temperature NMR study of compounds ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) revealed a frozen ring inversion with the energy barriers of 8.5 and 7.7 kcal/mol at 163 and 143 K, respectively, which is substantially lower than that for their carbon analog, N‐methylmorpholine. DFT calculations performed on the example of molecule ( 1 ) showed that N? Meax conformer to exist in the sofa conformation with the coplanar fragment C? Si? O? Si? C, and its N? Meeq conformer in a flattened chair conformation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Koki Yamaguchi Masashi Eto Yasuyuki Yoshitake Kazunobu Harano 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2013,26(1):64-69
The reaction of 3,5‐bis(methoxycarbonyl)‐4‐oxo‐4H‐pyrazole 1,2‐dioxide (1a) with 1,3,5‐cycloheptatriene (2b) gave a mixture of the novel endo‐[4 + 6]‐cycloadduct (4ab), anti‐exo‐[4 + 2]‐cycloadduct (5ab), and the heterocage (6ab) derived from the intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the syn‐endo‐[4 + 2]‐cycloadduct. Analogous endo‐[4 + 6] selectivity in 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions has not been reported previously. The X‐ray analysis indicates that 6ab has a very long Nsp3–Nsp3 bond distance of 1.617(4) Å. The cycloaddition behaviour is discussed on the basis of transition‐state structures optimized at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory, from which predictions of the peri‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivities agreed well with the experimental results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
John S. Lomas Christine Cordier Alain Adenier François Maurel Jacqueline Vaissermann 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2007,20(6):410-421
syn‐2,2,4,4‐Tetramethyl‐3‐{2‐[3,4‐alkylenedioxy‐5‐(3‐pyridyl)]thienyl}pentan‐3‐ols self‐associate both in the solid state and in solution. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study of the 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) derivative shows that it exists as a centrosymmetric head‐to‐tail, syn dimer in the solid state. The IR spectra of the solids display only a broad OH absorption around 3300 cm?1, corresponding to a hydrogen‐bonded species. 1H Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) NMR experiments in benzene reveal interactions between the tert‐butyl groups and the H2 and H6 protons of the pyridyl group. Two approaches have been used to determine association constants of the EDOT derivative by NMR titration, based on the concentration dependence of (i) the syn/anti ratio and (ii) the OH proton shift of the syn rotamer. Reasonably concordant results are obtained from 298 to 323 K (3.6 and 3.9 M?1, respectively, at 298 K). Similar values are obtained from the syn OH proton shift variation for the 3,4‐methylenedioxythiophene (MDOT) derivative. Concentration‐dependent variation of the anti OH proton shift in the latter suggests that the anti isomer associates in the form of an open, singly hydrogen‐bonded dimer, with a much smaller association constant than the syn rotamer. Self‐association constants for 3‐pyridyl‐EDOT‐alkanols with smaller substituents vary by a factor of 4 from (i‐Pr)2 up to (CD3)2, while the hetero‐association constants for the same compounds with pyridine vary slightly less. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
A combined experimental and theoretical study on p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene encapsulated 7‐methoxycoumarin 下载免费PDF全文
Bosco Christin Maria Arputham Ashwin Arulanandu Herculin Arun Baby Muthuramalingam Prakash Majdi Hochlaf Paulpandian Muthu Mareeswaran 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2018,31(4)
Host‐guest interactions are essential in chemistry, biology, medicine and environmental science. In this combined experimental and theoretical contribution, the encapsulation of 7‐methoxycoumarin (herniarin, 7MC) with p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene (p‐SC4) is studied using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and computational approaches. The 1:1 stoichiometry is confirmed using Job's plot. Our results show that the keto group of 7MC is the main source for electrochemical conversion of this complex. The excited state 7MC radiative decay is studied using time‐correlated single photon counting technique. The computed UV‐Vis absorption spectra for this complex at gas phase and solvent are online with the experimental spectra. Moreover, we determined the binding energy and the binding constant of the 7MC‐p‐SC4 complex. Density functional theory computations revealed that stabilization of the complex formed by p‐SC4 and 7MC is due to weak noncovalent and dispersive types of interactions. A comparison with encapsulation of amino acids by p‐SC4 is also conducted. Finally, we show that the flexibility of p‐SC4 and the weak nature of its interaction with 7MC are on the origin of the reversibility of encapsulation, which is mandatory for applications such as drug delivery. 相似文献
15.
Paula M. Marcos Filipa A. Teixeira Manuel A. P. Segurado José R. Ascenso Raul J. Bernardino Peter J. Cragg Sylvia Michel Véronique Hubscher‐Bruder Françoise Arnaud‐Neu 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2013,26(4):295-305
The binding of representative alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal cations by 2‐pyridylmethoxy derivatives (1b, in cone and partial cone conformations) of p‐tert‐butylhexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene was studied. Binding was assessed by extraction studies of the metal picrates from water into dichloromethane and by stability constant measurements in acetonitrile and methanol, using spectrophotometric and potentiometric techniques. Microcalorimetric studies of some selected complexes in acetonitrile were performed, as well as proton NMR titrations. Computational methods (density functional theory calculations) were also employed to complement the NMR data. The results are compared with those obtained with the dihomooxacalix[4]arene 2b and the calix[4]arene 3b derivative analogues. Partial cone‐1b is the best extractant for transition and heavy metal cations. Both conformers of 1b exhibit very high stability constants for soft and intermediate cations Pb2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+, with cone‐1b the strongest binder (ML, log β ≥ 7) and partial cone‐1b the most selective. Both derivatives show a slight preference for Na+. Besides the formation of ML complexes, ML2 and M2L species were also observed. The former complexes were, in general, formed with the transition and heavy metal cations, whereas the latter were obtained with Ag+ and Hg2+ and partial cone‐1b. In most cases, these species were corroborated by the proton NMR and density functional theory studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of ring‐shaped α‐cyclo[N]thiophenes with N = 2 to N = 18 have been performed for ideal structures of high symmetry (point groups Cnv and Dnh) and for optimum energy structures of lower symmetry (D2d, Cs, C2v, Ci or C1). Whereas the first three members of the series behave exceptionally the higher members are typical cyclothiophenes consisting of weakly interacting thiophene rings. In contrast to neutral compounds, cations and dications of cyclothiophenes with N ≥5 exhibit pronounced electron delocalizations along the carbon backbone. However, if the functional B3LYP is replaced by BH cations of large ring‐size cations show polaron‐type charge defects. According to broken symmetry DFT calculations dications with N = 14 and N = 18 have biradical character. These structures correspond to two‐polaron‐type structures rather than to dipolarons. The calculated vertical ionization energies of cyclo[N]thiophene are comparable with those of oligo[N]thiophenes of the same number of thiophene rings but the calculated absolute energies are probably too low at large ring size. Cyclothiophenes absorb light of lower energies than the related oligothiophenes. Cyclothiophenes belong to the strongly absorbing organic chromophores. In case of high molecular symmetry some of the excited states of cyclothiophenes are degenerate. The degeneracy is lifted with lower symmetries but the general absorption feature remains. The theoretical results are discussed with respect to recent experimental findings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
The structures and conformational energies of twelve MeN‐, O‐, S‐, MeP‐, CO‐bridged homocalix[4]arenes and two kinds of O‐bridged alternate hybrid‐calix[4]arenes have been calculated at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level of theory. The 1,3‐alternate or twisted‐1,3‐alternate conformations are found to be the lowest energy structures in all cases except for MeP‐bridged calix[4]pyridine and calix[4]benzene, for which the twist‐pinched cone and partial cone are the most stable conformations, respectively. The conformational energy differences calculated between the lowest energy and the next conformation are on the order of 2.0–3.0 kcal/mol, but smaller for the S‐ and MeP‐bridged compounds. Analysis of the structures and relative energies shows that the phenyl hydrogens have electrostatic attractions with the lone pairs of the heteroatoms and steric repulsions with the methyl groups on bridgehead groups. Conversely, the lone electron pair in the pyridyl compounds engage in a repulsive electrostatic interaction. The interactions of 1,3‐aromatic rings play a minor but important role in the relative stability sequence. This detailed understanding of the factors governing the conformational space of hetero calixarences can be used to design conformationally biased analogs of these interesting compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Bishwajit Ganguly Marija Matković Nikola Basarić Kata Mlinarić‐Majerski 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2011,24(7):578-587
The hydrolysis of ethyl threo‐2‐(1‐adamantyl)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate ( 1 ) and the parent ester ethyl 3‐hydroxybutyrate ( 4 ) has been studied experimentally and computationally. In the hydrolysis of threo‐ester 1 with 2 M NaOH, predominantly retro‐aldol product was observed, whereas the hydrolyzed product was present in a minor amount. When the reaction is carried out under the same conditions with the parent ester ethyl 3‐hydroxybutyrate ( 4 ), hydrolyzed product is exclusively observed. The competitive pathways, namely hydrolysis and the retro‐aldol reaction for 1 and 4 were investigated using DFT calculations in the both gas and solvent phase. The calculated results in the solvent phase at B3LYP/6–31 + G* level revealed that the formation of retro‐aldol products is kinetically preferred over the hydrolysis of threo‐ester 1 in the presence of a base. However, the parent ester 4 showed that the retro‐aldol process is less favored than the hydrolysis process under similar conditions. The steric effect imposed by the bulky adamantyl group to enhance the activation barriers for the hydrolysis of the ethyl threo‐2‐(1‐adamantyl)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate ( 1 ) was further supported by the calculations performed with tert‐butyl group at the α‐carbon atom of ethyl 3‐hydroxybutyrate ( 7 ). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
An electrochemical cell with sapphire windows for operando synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction and spectroscopy studies of high‐power and high‐voltage electrodes for metal‐ion batteries 下载免费PDF全文
Oleg A. Drozhzhin Ivan V. Tereshchenko Hermann Emerich Evgeny V. Antipov Artem M. Abakumov Dmitry Chernyshov 《Journal of synchrotron radiation》2018,25(2):468-472
A new multi‐purpose operando electrochemical cell was designed, constructed and tested on the Swiss–Norwegian Beamlines BM01 and BM31 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Single‐crystal sapphire X‐ray windows provide a good signal‐to‐noise ratio, excellent electrochemical contact because of the constant pressure between the electrodes, and perfect electrochemical stability at high potentials due to the inert and non‐conductive nature of sapphire. Examination of the phase transformations in the Li1–xFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 positive electrode (cathode) material at C/2 and 10C charge and discharge rates, and a study of the valence state of the Ni cations in the Li1–xNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material for Li‐ion batteries, revealed the applicability of this novel cell design to diffraction and spectroscopic investigations of high‐power/high‐voltage electrodes for metal‐ion batteries. 相似文献
20.
Sandrine Duluard Joseph Grondin Jean‐Luc Bruneel Isabelle Pianet Axelle Grlard Guy Campet Marie‐Hlne Delville Jean‐Claude Lassgues 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2008,39(5):627-632
The Raman spectra of (1 − x)(BMITFSI), xLiTFSI ionic liquids, where 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium cation (BMI+) and bis(trifluoromethane‐sulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI−) are analyzed for LiTFSI mole fractions x < 0.4. As expected from previous studies on similar TFSI‐based systems, most lithium ions are shown to be coordinated within [Li(TFSI)2]− anionic clusters. The variation of the self‐diffusion coefficients of the 1H, 19F, and 7Li nuclei, measured by pulsed‐gradient spin‐echo NMR (PGSE‐NMR) as a function of x, can be rationalized in terms of the weighted contribution of BMI+ cations, TFSI− ‘free’ anions, and [Li(TFSI)2]− anionic clusters. This implies a negative transference number for lithium. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献