湍流等离子体鞘套中高斯光束的传播特性分析

为了研究高斯光束在湍流等离子体鞘套中的传输特性,根据广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,采用基于快速傅里叶变换的功率谱反演法,用多随机相位屏来模拟湍流带来的影响.根据超声速飞行器绕流等离子体流场厚度在厘米级别的特点,光束在两个相位屏之间的传输过程中采用菲涅耳衍射积分的两次快速傅里叶变换算法(double fast Fourier transform algorithm),利用多随机相位屏模拟等离子体鞘套湍流对光束传输产生的影响,解决了多随机相位屏模拟湍流研究中的超短距离传输问题.当飞行高度为45 km,飞行速度为18马赫时,通过对超声速飞行器绕流等离子体流场的统计分析,发现在此飞行条件下折射率起伏方差的强度范围10~(–11)—10~(–14).对高斯光束在湍流等离子体流场中的传输特性进行了数值仿真.结果表明:在等离子体鞘套湍流中折射率起伏强度、波长、传输距离等都是影响高斯光束质量的重要因素.折射率方差越大,传输距离越长,光斑弥散越严重,光强起伏越大,光强减弱也越明显.光束的波长越长,高斯光束抑制湍流的能力越强,光斑弥散程度越小,光强起伏也越小.     

基于主元分析的随机相移算法

将统计理论中的主元分析应用到干涉条纹分析中,提出一种基于主元分析的随机相移算法。该算法先将多帧条纹数据分解成不相关的主元成分,然后从主元成分中提取2维相位信息。数值模拟结果表明:该算法不需要迭代运算就能从4帧完全随机相移干涉图中有效提取相位信息,运算时间少,精度高。实验结果表明主元分析相移算法比现有迭代相移算法更适合于随机相移干涉图分析。     

Highly filled composites with thermoplastic elastomers matrix

The mechanical and Theological properties of blends based on commercial types of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) Finaprene with polystyrene and ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer, used as suitable materials to produce highly filled composites with magnetically hard fillers, have been investigated. The influence of a 90% to 93% filler content and the morphology of the fillers on mechanical, Theological, and magnetic properties of composites is discussed. The influence of changes of other technological parameters, such as type of treatment of the fillers and type of mixer, on properties of composites has been studied.     

Double-image encryption based on discrete fractional random transform and chaotic maps

A novel double-image encryption algorithm is proposed, based on discrete fractional random transform and chaotic maps. The random matrices used in the discrete fractional random transform are generated by using a chaotic map. One of the two original images is scrambled by using another chaotic map, and then encoded into the phase of a complex matrix with the other original image as its amplitude. Then this complex matrix is encrypted by the discrete fractional random transform. By applying the correct keys which consist of initial values, control parameters, and truncated positions of the chaotic maps, and fractional orders, the two original images can be recovered without cross-talk. Numerical simulation has been performed to test the validity and the security of the proposed encryption algorithm. Encrypting two images together by this algorithm creates only one encrypted image, whereas other single-image encryption methods create two encrypted images. Furthermore, this algorithm requires neither the use of phase keys nor the use of matrix keys. In this sense, this algorithm can raise the efficiency when encrypting, storing or transmitting.     

Image segmentation based on hierarchical belief propagation with variable weighting parameters

The belief propagation (BP) algorithm is an efficient way to minimize the MRF energy for image segmentation. This paper proposes a hierarchical BP algorithm with variable weighting parameters (HBP-VW) to improve the segmentation accuracy of the BP-based algorithms. In the HBP-VW, two variable weighting parameters are introduced, the global parameter and the local parameter. The global parameter is used to overall adjust the influence of each part in the message update rule. The local parameter is designed to describe the local texture pattern for each site. Texture, remote sensing, and nature images are employed to test the proposed algorithm. Experimental results illustrate a better segmentation accuracy compared with other BP-based algorithms.     

Cryptanalysis of an Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Random Walk and Hyperchaotic Systems

Recently, an image encryption algorithm based on random walk and hyperchaotic systems has been proposed. The main idea of the original paper is to scramble the plain image by means of random walk matrix and then to append diffusion. In this paper, the encryption method with security holes is analyzed by chosen plaintext attack. In addition, this paper improves the original encryption algorithm. The experimental and simulation results show that the improved algorithm has the advantages of the original and can improve the ability to resist attack.     

A universal algorithm to generate pseudo-random numbers based on uniform mapping as homeomorphism

A specific uniform map is constructed as a homeomorphism mapping chaotic time series into [0,1] to obtain sequences of standard uniform distribution. With the uniform map, a chaotic orbit and a sequence orbit obtained are topologically equivalent to each other so the map can preserve the most dynamic properties of chaotic systems such as permutation entropy. Based on the uniform map, a universal algorithm to generate pseudo random numbers is proposed and the pseudo random series is tested to follow the standard 0-1 random distribution both theoretically and experimentally. The algorithm is not complex, which does not impose high requirement on computer hard ware and thus computation speed is fast. The method not only extends the parameter spaces but also avoids the drawback of small function space caused by constraints on chaotic maps used to generate pseudo random numbers. The algorithm can be applied to any chaotic system and can produce pseudo random sequence of high quality, thus can be a good universal pseudo random number generator.     

一种适用于复杂换热网络优化的耦合联动进化策略

针对启发式算法在优化换热网络后期由于种群多样性消失等原因造成难以找到使年综合费用进一步下降的进化方向，本文提出换热器耦合联动进化策略.该策略在一般启发式算法优化后期通过按一定概率分布抽取部分换热量不为零的换热器参与联动进化，以找到使费用下降的耦合匹配.算例验证表明，该策略效果明显.将该策略与RWCE算法相结合组成一种混合算法.首先采用RWCE算法对求解域进行初步探索，利用该算法强大的全局搜索能力找到求解域内各个潜力结构.然后再用耦合联动进化策略对各潜力结构进行深入搜索，搜索完成后再经变异反馈给RWCE算法.将该混合算法应用于10SP2和15SP算例，得到了较好的优化结果.     

Simulation and Statistical Analysis of Random Packings of Ellipsoids

The paper describes an algorithm for the generation of random packings of ellipsoids of revolution, which is a natural generalization of an older algorithm for the case of spherical particles and belongs to the class of collective rearrangement algorithms. It yields packings with a broad spectrum of densities and geometrical properties, aspect ratio which depend on and the various parameters controlling the motions of ellipsoids during the simulation. The ellipsoid systems obtained are characterized by second‐order characteristics, namely pair correlation and orientation correlation functions. Furthermore, the constructed packings are described in a phase diagram taken from statistical physics.     

Statistical Analysis of Simulated Random Packings of Spheres

This paper describes two algorithms for the generation of random packings of spheres with arbitrary diameter distribution. The first algorithm is the force‐biased algorithm of Mościński and Bargieł. It produces isotropic packings of very high density. The second algorithm is the Jodrey‐Tory sedimentation algorithm, which simulates successive packing of a container with spheres following gravitation. It yields packings of a lower density and of weak anisotropy. The results obtained with these algorithms for the cases of log‐normal and two‐point sphere diameter distributions are analysed statistically, i. e. standard characteristics of spatial statistics such as porosity (or volume fraction), pair correlation function of the system of sphere centres and spherical contact distribution function of the set‐theoretical union of all spheres are determined. Furthermore, the mean coordination numbers are analysed. These results are compared for both algorithms and with data from the literature based on other numerical simulations or from experiments with real spheres.     

Statistical mechanics of the directed 2-distance minimal dominating set problem

The directed L-distance minimal dominating set (MDS) problem has wide practical applications in the fields of computer science and communication networks. Here, we study this problem from the perspective of purely theoretical interest. We only give results for an Erdós Rényi (ER) random graph and regular random (RR) graph, but this work can be extended to any type of network. We develop spin glass theory to study the directed 2-distance MDS problem. First, we find that the belief propagation (BP) algorithm does not converge when the inverse temperature β exceeds a threshold on either an ER random network or RR network. Second, the entropy density of replica symmetric theory has a transition point at a finite β on a regular random graph when the arc density exceeds 2 and on an ER random graph when the arc density exceeds 3.3; there is no entropy transition point (or $\beta =\infty $) in other circumstances. Third, the results of the replica symmetry (RS) theory are in agreement with those of BP algorithm while the results of the BP decimation algorithm are better than those of the greedy heuristic algorithm.     

基于高斯马尔科夫模型的高光谱异常目标检测算法研究

随着光谱成像技术的发展,高光谱异常检测在遥感图像处理中的应用越来越广泛。传统RX异常检测算法忽略影像空间相关性,而且由于没有经过有效数据降维,运算耗费大,对于高光谱数据有效性不高。高光谱影像在空间和光谱上符合高斯-马尔科夫模型。通过建立马尔科夫参数能够直接计算协方差矩阵的逆矩阵,避免了高光谱海量数据的庞大计算。提出一种基于三维高斯-马尔科夫随机场模型的改进RX异常检测算法。该方法用高斯-马尔科夫随机场模型模拟高光谱影像数据,用最大似然近似法估计高斯-马尔科夫随机场参数,由高斯-马尔科夫随机场参数直接构造检测算子,并以待检测像元为中心设置局部优化窗口,称为马尔科夫检测窗。取窗口内数据计算均值向量和协方差逆矩阵,得到中心像元的异常度,通过移动窗口进行逐像元检测。应用AVIRIS高光谱数据对传统RX算法、高斯-马尔科夫模型背景假设异常检测算法和该算法进行了仿真实验对比。结果表明,该算法能够有效提高高光谱异常检测效率,降低虚警率。运行时间较传统RX算法提高了45.2%,体现出更好的计算效率。     

基于赝热光照明的单发光学散斑成像

散射介质对光的散射是当前限制光学成像深度或距离的一个严重的问题.本文首先数值模拟比较了光透过随机散射介质成像研究中常用的基于光学记忆效应(memory effect, ME)和自相关(autocorrelation, AC)方法的HIOER算法和乒乓(Ping-Pang, PP)算法的优缺点.通过对HIOER算法和PP算法的恢复效果和迭代次数进行比较,发现PP算法在保持较高恢复效果的前提下拥有更快的运行速度.实验中,利用连续HeNe激光器和旋转毛玻璃产生赝热光源,通过物镜对随机散射介质后数毫米距离内的不同形状物体进行了单帧成像,并采用PP算法成功地恢复出微米量级物体的实际图像.这一研究结果将进一步促进ME和AC方法在深层生物组织医学成像研究上的应用.最后,实验研究了不同的物镜和散射介质的间距对成像恢复的放大率、分辨率和图像强度的影响特性,并进行了详细研究.     

光电稳定平台中微机械陀螺随机漂移实时滤波算法

微机械陀螺作为小型化光电稳定平台中的核心传感器,由于存在随机漂移,直接影响了其使用精度。小波算法以其多分辨特性,适合于非平稳信号的去噪,应用小波分析算法,实现了微机械陀螺的实时滤波。通过仿真及实验验证了算法的效果。结果表明,应用小波分析算法可以将漂移均方差降低为处理前的5%以内。     

The ground state energy of the Edwards-Anderson spin glass model with a parallel tempering Monte Carlo algorithm

We study the efficiency of parallel tempering Monte Carlo technique for calculating true ground states of the Edwards-Anderson spin glass model. Bimodal and Gaussian bond distributions were considered in two- and three-dimensional lattices. By a systematic analysis we find a simple formula to estimate the values of the parameters needed in the algorithm to find the GS with a fixed average probability. We also study the performance of the algorithm for single samples, quantifying the difference between samples where the GS is hard, or easy, to find. The GS energies we obtain are in good agreement with the values found in the literature. Our results show that the performance of the parallel tempering technique is comparable to more powerful heuristics developed to find the ground state of Ising spin glass systems.     

相位编码光学加密算法的扩散及混淆特性分析

为了阐明相位编码光学加密算法的扩散及混淆特性,基于傅里叶变换位移定理,从分组密码设计准则出发,以双随机相位光学加密算法为研究对象,分析了采用单个随机相位模板的2 f系统的扩散和混淆特性。将单随机相位加密过程分解为2个相互关联的过程,结果表明,傅里叶变换在加密算法中引入了混淆操作,而傅里叶变换结合随机相位模板实现了扩散操作。通过数值模拟对上述理论分析进行了验证,引入信息熵来评价加密图像的统计分布特性,进一步分析了菲涅尔域及分数阶傅里叶变换域随机相位加密算法的扩散混淆特性。研究表明,单随机相位加密和双随机相位加密图像的信息熵分布为7.038和7.157,而随机振幅加密图像信息熵为4.521。因而,随机相位加密算法比随机振幅加密算法能实现对信息更好地扩散。     

基于小波域马尔可夫随机场模型的压缩传感图像重构

目前在压缩传感重构算法中利用图像的可稀疏性表示先验知识,从比奈奎斯特采样少得多的观测值中恢复原始图像。除了稀疏性之外,邻域系数的相关性也可以作为先验知识加速重构算法收敛。为了克服目前算法中没有利用邻域系数相关性的缺点,提出了基于小波域马尔可夫随机场模型的压缩传感图像重构算法,根据显著性度量对变换系数进行分类得到具有马尔可夫性的初始掩模,利用ICM算法完成掩模优化,实现系数更新,并将算法与未考虑邻域相关性的算法进行了比较。实验结果证明了算法的有效性。     

基于POCS-MPMAP合成算法的超分辨率图像复原

阐述了凸集投影理论(POCS)和基于Markov约束的Poisson-MAP超分辨率图像复原算法(MPMAP).为了能获得更大的带宽扩展和更好的复原图像,把POCS理论与MPMAP算法结合在一起,提出基于POCS-MPMAP的合成超分辨率图像复原算法.由此获得了改善的图像复原结果.     

基于随机聚类的复杂背景建模与前景检测算法

为了构建鲁棒的背景模型和提高前景目标检测的准确性, 综合考虑同一位置的像素点在时间上的关联性和与其相邻像素的空间关联性, 基于经典的ViBe算法中的随机聚类思想提出了一种复杂背景建模和前景检测方法. 利用样本一致性原理, 采用前n帧序列图像得到初始化背景, 避免了Ghost现象的发生; 根据实际复杂背景的动态反馈获取自适应聚类阈值和自适应更新阈值进行随机聚类, 从而实现了对动态背景的适应性; 通过全局扰动阈值和局部像素级判断阈值的结合, 实现了对光照缓慢变化、快速变化以及突然变化的免疫性, 准确地分割前景目标. 对多组数据集的测试结果表明, 本文算法较大地提高了背景模型对动态背景、光照变化及相机抖动的复杂背景的适应性和鲁棒性. 算法还能很好地适用于红外图像检测运动目标的场合, 扩展了本算法的应用范围. 在没有进行任何图像预处理和形态学后处理情况下, 得到的原始前景检测精度优于其他对比算法.     

Effect of High Aspect Ratio Fillers on the Performance of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

Among the many material performance properties of vulcanized elastomers for tire tread application, rolling resistance and wet traction are particularly important since both greatly impact fuel efficiency and traction of a vehicle. Rolling resistance and wet traction are generally negatively correlated, i.e., with the increase in rolling resistance of a tire, its wet traction decreases. Silica nanofillers are often used for achieving the desired balance of wet traction and rolling resistance. However, the high cost of silica limits its wide spread application. In this research we studied the effects of using fillers with different aspect ratios (calculated by dividing the long dimension of a filler by its short dimension) on the performance of vulcanized styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), a common rubber for tire tread application. Three high aspect ratio fillers were used: aragonite calcium carbonate, wollastonite and carbon nanofiber. For comparison purpose, spherical silica filler was also included. We found that the high aspect ratio fillers were efficient in improving the wet traction and rolling resistance as well as enhancing the mechanical energy dissipation of SBR. Among the three high aspect ratio fillers studied, wollastonite provided the best wet traction and rolling resistance balance due to its high aspect ratio and compatibility with the base rubber. The effects of fillers induced crosslinking on the dynamic performance were also discussed.