Quantum Cosmology with Scalar-Vector and Scalar-Spinor Interactions

The problem of matter creation in the early Universe is considered in terms of quantum cosmology, introducing interactions of the scalar field with the spinor and vector fields of matter.     

相对论性层子模型中的介子结构波函数

本文讨论了旋量的层子-反层子束缚态的Bethe-Salpeter方程(以下简称B-S方程),假定层子反层子之间只有标量耦合的相互作用,这作用为相对论协变的ν势所描述。介子结构波函数按O(4)群展开后保留最低次分波,进行了数值求解,然后计算了计入高次分波的影响。计算了介子的均方半径。计算结果表明在紧束缚态情况下,低次分波大分量近似是合理的、好的近似。作为对比,对松束缚态也进行了讨论。     

All-optical formation of molecules with spin degree of freedom in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate

We have performed a two-photon photoassociation experiment in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate of ⁸⁷Rb with the spin degree of freedom, which is created by an all-optical method with CO₂ lasers. The spinor character of the created molecules has been revealed by the photoassociation spectrum with a new structure. The hyperfine structure of the created molecules near the dissociation limit is identified by observations of the Zeeman and AC-Stark effects of the molecules. We have also demonstrated the spin-selective creation of molecules. This result would open the new possibility of research on novel molecular spinor BEC.     

Quantenphysikalischer Ursprung der Eichidee

The Quantum Physical Origin of the Gauge Idea To consider quantum physics as an interplay of creation and annihilation processes has the consequence that gauge field theories are not only possible but necessary. Since the complex conjugate phase factors of each pair of fermion creators and annihilators can be arbitrary chosen, quantum field theories must be completely phase invariant. Unfortunately, even globally the Dirac equation for systems of free fermions is not phase invariant. The Dirac matrices are namely transformed, if we multiply the spinor components by different constant phase factors. The Dirac equations before and after the transformation are however physically equivalent. We may therefore say: Systems of free fermions will be completely described, only if we consider the class of all equivalent Dirac equations. Since Dirac's commutation relations are unitarily invariant, the class equivalent Dirac equations is invariant under all transformations of the group U 4. Unitary diagonal matrices yield arbitrary phase transformations. Hence, gauge fields of the group U 4 are compatible with the postulate of general phase invariance. These gauge file are so similar to the QED that we may speak of an “extended quantum electrodynamics”, EQE. Here, we will show that EQE exists. The invariant subgroup U 1 U 4 yields QED. The complementary subgroup SU 4 includes four subgroups SU 3, there subgroups O 4, and six subgroups SU 2. The latter ones may yield three pairs of quarks and three pairs of leptons, where the quarks form a group SU 3. More than two times three pairs of elementary fermions does not exist in in EQE Probably, EQE is different from the United EQD and QCD. However, it should be a promising version of a field theory in elementary particle physics, because it follows from an existing symmetry of the empirically wel founded Dirac theory. EQE is therefore free from hypothesis in the Newtonian sense of the word. Whatever it will finally mean, it cannot be rejected, since phase invariance must be required. The invention of new symmetries and the acception of a bie number of independent spinor components is dispensable or must be postponed at least.     

Global Solutions of Einstein—Dirac Equation on the Conformal Space

The difference between the Riemann and Lorentz spinor manifolds of four dimensions is that the Dirac operator of the former is elliptic and that of the latter is hyperbolic.Moreover the spinor group of the former is a compact group and that of the latter is a noncompact group,which is isomorphic to SL(2,C).Hence the results and their interpretation coming from the two theories would be different.In this short note we study only the Lorentz spinor manifold and,especially,the solutions of Einstein-Dirac equations on the conformal space,which is closely related to the AdS/CFT correspondence.     

Rodichev condition on torsion,spinors, and conservation laws in Riemann-Cartan space

We examine the consequences of the Rodichev condition of complete antisymmetry of the torsion tensor in an orthonormal reference frame, which is equivalent to the condition of the existence of a pair of mutual spinor connectivities. It is shown that it makes possible a reformulation of general theorems about the relationship between first integrals of the geodesic equations and the Killing vectors, conservation laws for the symmetric energy—momentum tensor, and the Lagrangian formalism for a spinor field in the case of Riemann-Cartan space in the effective Riemann spacetime with an external torsion field.Yakutsk State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 72–76, May, 1995.     

Massless spinors in more than four dimensions

We consider fermions in theories of higher dimensional gravity where the four-dimensional gauge group is embedded in the invariance group of d dimensional (d>4) Lorentz and general co-ordinate transformations. It is a necessary condition for obtaining massless chiral fermions from dimensional reduction that the d dimensional spinor does not admit a mass term consistent with Lorentz and general co-ordinate transformations. This is the case for a Weyl spinor for d = 6 8 mod 8, a Majorana spinor for d = 9 mod 8 or a Majorana-Weyl spinor for d = 2 mod 8.     

Cartan mapping and spinors in affinely connected space-time

It is shown that Cartan spinors with a pair of mutual spinor connections exist only in a Weyl-nonmetric, affinely connected space-time with a torsion tensor absolutely antisymmetric in an orthonormal frame.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 84–88, January, 1995.     

Classical effects from a factorized spinor representation of Maxwell's equations

It was demonstrated in earlier work that the vector representation of electromagnetic theory can be factorized into a pair of two-component spinor field equations (Sachs & Schwebel, 1962). The latter is a generalization of the usual formalism, in the sense that in addition to predicting all of the effects that are implied by the vector theory, it predicts additional observable effects that are out of the domain of prediction of the Maxwell formalism. The latter extra predictions were derived in previous publications (Sachs & Schwebel, 1961, 1963; Sachs, 1968a, b). In this paper, the spinor formalism is applied to effects that are expected to agree with the predictions of the standard formalism—the Coulomb force between point charges and the measured speed of a charged particle which moves in an electric potential. While there are no vector or tensor variables involved in this formalism, the results are found, as expected, to be in agreement with the conventional representation of electromagnetic theory. The analysis serves the role of demonstrating that in the appropriate limiting case, the factorized spinor formulation of electromagnetism does predict the explicit classical effects that are also predicted by Maxwell's field equations. The paper also presents a derivation of the general form of the solutions of the spinor field equations.     

Extended projection method for massive fermions

Tensor reduction is of considerable importance in calculations of multi-loop amplitudes,and the projection method is one of the most popular approaches for tensor reduction.However,the projection method can be problematic when applied to amplitudes with massive fermions,due to the inconsistency between helicity and chirality.We propose an extended projection method for reducing the loop amplitude which contains a fermion chain with two massive spinors.The extension is achieved by decomposing one of the massive spinors into two massless spinors,the"null spinor"and the"reference spinor".The extended projection method can be effectively applied in all processes,including the production of massive fermions.We present the tensor reduction for a virtual Z boson decaying into a top-quark pair as a demonstration of our approach.     

Proca and electromagnetic fields

In the framework of the proper orthochronous Lorentz group, the old connection is revived between the electromagnetic field characterized by a self-dual tensor and a traceless second-rank spinor obeying the Proca equation. The relationship between this spinor and the Hertz potential also considered as a self-dual tensor is emphasized. The extension of this formalism to meet the covariance under the full Lorentz group is also discussed.     

Quantum theory of transition radiation and transition pair creation

A theory of the transition radiation and the transition pair creation is developed in the frame of QED. The spectral-angular distributions of probability of the transition radiation and of the transition pair creation are found. The total energy losses of an electron and the total probability of pair creation by a photon are calculated and analyzed. Features of radiation and pair creation processes in a superdense medium (typical for white dwarfs) are discussed.     

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle in Spinor Coordinate Space

The Pauli exclusion principle is interpreted using a geometrical theory of electrons. Spin and spatial motion are described together in an eight dimensional spinor coordinate space. The field equation derives from the assumption of conformal waves. The Dirac wave function is a gradient of the scalar wave in spinor space. Electromagnetic and gravitational interactions are mediated by conformal transformations. An electron may be followed through a sequence of creation and annihilation processes. Two electrons are branches of a single particle. Each satisfies a Dirac equation, but together they are a solution of the curvature condition. As two so identified electrons approach each other, the exclusion principle develops from the boundary conditions in spinor space. The gradient motion does not allow the particles to overlap. Since the spinor-gradient of the scalar wave function is odd in the coordinates, the sign of the wave function must change at the electron-electron boundary. The exclusion principle becomes geometry intrinsic and all electrons are combined into one field. Further applications are proposed including the possibility of improved numerical calculations in atomic and molecular systems. There also may be extensions to nuclear or particle physics. Implications are expected for the properties of rotating objects in a gravitational field.     

Spinor Bose–Einstein condensates

An overview of the physics of spinor and dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) is given. Mean-field ground states, Bogoliubov spectra, and many-body ground and excited states of spinor BECs are discussed. Properties of spin-polarized dipolar BECs and those of spinor–dipolar BECs are reviewed. Some of the unique features of the vortices in spinor BECs such as fractional vortices and non-Abelian vortices are delineated. The symmetry of the order parameter is classified using group theory, and various topological excitations are investigated based on homotopy theory. Some of the more recent developments in a spinor BEC are discussed.     

Finite- and Infinite-Dimensional Representations of the Lorentz Group

Finite- and infinite-dimensional representations of the Lorentz group are discussed and various topics in which this group is currently in use are mentioned. The infinitesimal approach of finding representations is reviewed and all finite-dimensional spinor representations of the Lorentz group are obtained. Infinite-dimensional representations are then discussed, including the principal, complementary, and complete series of representations. A generalized Fourier transformation is introduced which enables one to use the global approach to representation theory so as to express infinite-dimensional representations in terms of matrices. This method is shown to lead to a generalization of the spinor form of finite-dimensional representation to the infinite-dimensional case. However, whereas the usual spinor representations are nonunitary, the obtained new form describes both unitary and non-unitary representations, depending on the choice of certain parameters appearing in the representation formula.     

THE WAVE FUNCTION OF VECTOR MESON BOUND STATE THROUGH SCALAR COUPLING

The wave function of the vector bound state of a spinor straton-antistraton pair through scalar coupling is discussed.The Bethe-Salpeter equation of the bound state is solved numerically,and the structural wave functions of the vector bound state are given corresponding to different selection of the parametcrs of the kernel. The magnitude of various invariant functions of the wave function is determined. The validity of the Bargman-Wigner approximation is also examined.