交流等离子体显示器的红外辐射光谱

为优化交流等离子体显示器(AC PDP)的单元结构和驱动电压,采用光谱测量系统和交流等离子体显示器宏单元对电极结构参量、带有浮动电极的新型单元结构及维持电压脉冲参量对Ne-Xe混合气体放电辐射的红外光谱的影响进行了实验研究。结果表明,随着维持电极宽度增加,单元放电辐射的828 nm红外光谱的强度提高,而其辐射效率基本保持不变;随着维持电极间隙增大或在维持电极间加有适当宽度的浮动电极,红外辐射光谱的强度及其辐射效率均提高;提高维持电压脉冲频率或幅度,可增加红外辐射强度,但辐射效率降低。     

Sustain Driving Method With High-Impedance State for Plasma Display Panel

A new sustain driving method with a high-impedance state for alternating current plasma display panels (ac PDP) is proposed. In this method, the voltage applied to scan and common electrodes of the ac PDP has three states during one sustain cycle, namely, positive-voltage, high-impedance, and negative-voltage states. The positive- and negative-voltage states occur alternately. The high-impedance state occurs between the positive- and negative-voltage states. During the positive and negative states, the glow discharge forms in the on-state cells, and the wall charges are accumulated on the dielectric layer. The high-impedance state is used to interrupt the current flow during the polarity change of the applied voltage and can suppress the loss of wall charges between adjacent gas discharges, thus improving the stability of the sustain discharge in the ac PDP. The experimental results on a 12-in PDP test panel show that the wall charges increase by 15% during the sustain period, the dynamic sustain voltage margin increases by 100%, and the brightness increases by 5%.      

沿面型介质阻挡放电喷枪的发光特性及气体温度研究

利用氩气作为工作气体,采用正弦电压驱动沿面型等离子体喷枪,在大气压空气环境中产生了均匀的等离子体羽。电学和光学测量结果表明,等离子体羽放电只存在于外加峰值电压的正半周期,并且正半周期的放电脉冲个数随气体流量的增加而增加。通过对正半周期不同位置的发光脉冲信号进行比较,发现等离子体羽均按子弹形式传播,其中每一个发光脉冲均对应一次等离子体子弹传播过程。通过对比放电电流和等离子体羽的发光信号,发现等离子体羽的发光脉冲滞后于放电电流脉冲,且该延迟时间基本服从正态分布。该延迟时间随着外加电压峰值及气体流量的增大而减小。利用光纤测温仪测量了等离子体羽的气体温度,发现气体温度随外加峰值电压的增大而升高,随工作气体流量的增大而降低。通过分析放电过程,对上述现象进行了定性解释。     

较大体积的大气压空气介质阻挡放电特性研究

利用三电极介质阻挡放电装置, 在主放电区产生了较大体积的大气压空气均匀放电. 利用光学与电学方法, 对主放电特性进行了研究, 发现随驱动功率的不同, 主放电存在等离子体羽和等离子体柱两种模式, 等离子体羽的击穿电压随外加电压峰值的增加而减小. 利用光电倍增管对两种放电模式进行了空间分辨测量, 发现等离子体羽是以发光光层的形式传播, 而等离子体柱是连续放电. 通过采集两种放电的发射光谱, 对其振动温度和转动温度进行了测量. 发现两种放电模式的振转温度均随着U_p的增大而降低. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 等离子体羽 等离子体柱 发射光谱     

脉冲放电等离子体/活性炭联合体系中OH自由基的发射光谱研究

基于OH自由基的强氧化性(2.8 V)及脉冲放电等离子体(pulsed discharge plasma, PDP)与活性炭(activated carbon, AC)联合体系的协同作用,依托于光谱检测技术简单、准确性高、灵敏度高等优点,利用发射光谱技术测量了以O2作为载气的PDP/AC联合体系中产生的OH自由基的相对发射光谱,用以表征体系中OH自由基相对生成量的变化。通过考察PDP水处理体系中不同AC添加量、脉冲峰值电压、电极间距对OH自由基相对发射光谱强度的影响,分析了影响OH自由基生成量的因素;通过比较,分析去离子水和酸性橙II(acid orange, AO7)溶液中OH自由基发射光谱强度的变化规律,表征了OH自由基生成量的变化,以说明PDP/AC的协同作用机理及OH自由基对有机物的氧化作用。研究结果表明,增加AC的添加量可以增强其在PDP体系中的催化效果,导致PDP/AC联合体系中OH自由基的相对发射光谱强度的增加;随着脉冲峰值电压的升高,注入PDP体系中的能量增加,从而增加了体系中OH自由基的产量;电极间距增加导致PDP体系能量效率降低,降低了OH自由基的产生量;无论是以去离子水还是以AO7溶液为溶液相,PDP/AC联合体系中OH自由基的产量均高于其在单独PDP体系中的生成量,且在PDP/AC联合体系和单独的PDP作用体系中,去离子水中OH自由基的相对发射光谱强度均高于其在AO7溶液中的强度值,这证明了AC对PDP体系中OH自由基生成的协同作用和有机物对OH自由基的消耗。     

Macroscopic cell experiments and three-dimensionalmodelling on electrode-shaping plasma display cell

A macroscopic cell and three-dimensional fluid model have been used to investigate the discharge characteristics in ac plasma display panel cells of electrode-shaping configurations. Four kinds of non-standard geometries (i.e. $D$-, ${\it\del}$-, $W$- and $U$-shape electrodes) have been considered. The characteristics of the discharge current, the operating voltage and the discharge efficiency of different configurations have been discussed. It is found that the discharge efficiency can be improved by about 10\%--30\% compared with the standard geometry, while the operating voltage increases slightly in the non-standard geometries. There is a trade-off between improving the discharge efficiency and lowering the sustaining voltage in design of plasma display cells by electrode shaping.     

大气压直流激励空气等离子体羽发光的时空演化

在针-针电极结构的放电装置中以环境空气作为工作气体,大气压下产生了刷形等离子体羽。尽管使用的是直流电源,但放电发光呈现出脉冲性质,发光脉冲频率几乎不受气体流速的影响,但与电源输出功率成正相关关系。等离子体羽的长度与气体流速或者电源功率成正相关关系。通道出口附近,777.4 nm的氧原子谱线强度分布是非对称的,阴极附近处的谱线强度高于阳极附近处的谱线强度。远离通道出口位置,谱线强度逐渐趋于轴对称分布。电学特性和10 μs曝光高速影像结果表明,空气等离子体羽实际上是由拱形放电丝在远离通道出口的运动过程中叠加而成,同时放电从弧光放电丝向均匀辉光放电转化。     

介质阻挡放电中不同厚度气隙内微放电通道的光谱特性研究

采用发射光谱法,研究了具有三层介质的介质阻挡放电中不同厚度气隙内微放电通道的等离子体参量的变化规律。与在传统的具有双层介质的介质阻挡放电系统中所产生的微放电通道不同,三层介质系统内微放电通道在光谱特性方面展现了完全不同的性质以及变化规律。实验发现,微放电通道在不同的放电气隙中具有不同的发光强度。利用氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g)的发射谱线以及对氮分子离子391.4 nm谱线强度与氮分子394.1 nm谱线强度之比的考察,实验进一步测量了氮分子(C3Π_u)的振动温度以及电子平均能量分别随氩气含量以及在不同电压下的变化规律。结果表明,当外加电压一定时,厚气隙内形成的微放电丝在分子振动温度以及电子平均能量上均低于薄气隙微放电丝。并且它们都随着氩气含量的增加而降低。随着电压的逐步升高,厚气隙内的微放电丝在以上两种参量上均基本保持不变,而薄气隙内微放电丝则出现较为明显的升高。这表明具有三层介质的介质阻挡放电中薄气隙较厚气隙对电压更为敏感且在相同电压浮动内电场变化范围更大。     

大气压氖气介质阻挡放电脉冲等离子射流特性

采用自行研制的低造价、小体积、可产生幅值0~35 kV、重复频率1 kHz的高压s脉冲电源,设计了一套以大气压氖气为工作气体的介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体射流源,通过测量并计算放电过程中的电压-电流波形、拍摄放电图像、光谱分析等手段,对电压幅值、气体流速对氖气等离子体射流特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明：s脉冲电源激励下大气压氖气DBD能产生锥状的等离子射流且其等离子强度适中;s脉冲电源电压幅值的快速上升,可在放电空间瞬间施加高的过电压,能有效促进放电功率、电子密度、电子激发温度和射流长度的增加;工作气体流速的增加使得放电功率、电子激发温度和电子密度减小,而射流长度变化很小;一定条件下,能形成长距离的射流。     

大气压氖气介质阻挡放电脉冲等离子射流特性

采用自行研制的低造价、小体积、可产生幅值0~35 kV、重复频率1 kHz的高压s脉冲电源,设计了一套以大气压氖气为工作气体的介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体射流源,通过测量并计算放电过程中的电压-电流波形、拍摄放电图像、光谱分析等手段,对电压幅值、气体流速对氖气等离子体射流特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:s脉冲电源激励下大气压氖气DBD能产生锥状的等离子射流且其等离子强度适中;s脉冲电源电压幅值的快速上升,可在放电空间瞬间施加高的过电压,能有效促进放电功率、电子密度、电子激发温度和射流长度的增加;工作气体流速的增加使得放电功率、电子激发温度和电子密度减小,而射流长度变化很小;一定条件下,能形成长距离的射流。     

大气压氩气射流等离子体的光谱特性研究

等离子体喷枪是一种重要的等离子体源,已成为近几年低温等离子体研究的一个重要课题。本文利用钨针-钨丝网电极制作了直流喷枪装置,在大气压空气中产生了稳定的等离子体羽,并采用发射光谱的方法,对等离子体羽的等离子体参数进行了研究。在钨针电极与钨丝网电极之间放出耀眼的白光,钨丝网电极出口的气流下游有火苗形状的等离子体羽喷出。在电压保持不变的条件下(13.5 kV),等离子体羽长度随气体流量增加而增大;在气体流量保持不变的条件下(10 L·min-1),羽长度随外加电压的增大而增大。在气体流量一定的条件下,放电电压和放电电流呈反比例关系,即电压随着电流的增大而减小,说明放电属于辉光放电。采集了该喷枪在300～800 nm范围内的放电发射光谱,通过玻尔兹曼方法对放电等离子体电子激发温度进行了测量。结果表明,电子的激发温度随外加电压的增大而降低,随着工作气体流量的减小而升高。利用放电的基本理论对上述现象做了解释。这些研究结果对大气压均匀放电等离子体源的研制和工业应用具有重要意义。     

Discharge characteristics with respect to width of addresselectrode using three-dimensional analysis

A numerical analysis of the microdischarge in a surface-type AC plasma display cell has been made using the time-dependent, three-dimensional (3-D) fluid equations to understand the discharge characteristics. We investigate the breakdown dynamics with the width of address electrode and barrier ribs, because the typical 3-D parameters in an AC plasma display panel (AC PDP) model are the width of address electrode and the barrier ribs. It has been clarified that the width of address electrode has important role of the formation of discharge volume with the wall annihilation by barrier ribs and the accumulation of wall charges on the part of address electrode. The obtained time dependent spatial characteristics of an AC PDP discharge with the width of address electrode and the effect of wall annihilation by barrier ribs will help us to design the optimized AC PDP cells to get stable write and sustain discharges     

Characteristics of charged and metastable species in micro-discharges of AC- plasma display panel

The temporal effects of charged and metastable particles in the micro-discharges of an AC plasma display panel (AC-PDP) were investigated under actual driving conditions. The discharge gas used in the 4-in PDP was Neon + 4% Xenon. The discharge characteristics in terms of the time scale related to the space-charge decay, wall charge decay, metastable decay, and charge accumulation were investigated using a pulse technique. For Neon + 4% Xenon gas-mixture discharges of 500 torr, 4 /spl mu/s was related to the time scale of the space-charge decay and wall-charge accumulation time. The minimum sustain voltage started to dramatically increase at 20 /spl mu/s, which was related to the time scale of the metastable particles. Whereas, after 40 /spl mu/s, the minimum sustain voltage slowly increased with a slope of 0.01581, which was related to the inverse of the time scale of the wall charge decay.     

大气压放电等离子体柱的光谱研究

大气压放电等离子体柱在飞行器隐身技术方面具有非常重要的应用。利用同轴介质阻挡放电水电极装置,大气压下在氩气中放电产生了长达65 cm的均匀等离子体柱。利用光学方法研究了等离子体柱的放电机理为发光子弹传播。通过测量发现该子弹的传播速度约为0.6×105 m·s-1。采用发射光谱法测量了等离子体柱的发射光谱中谱线强度比随外加电压和驱动频率的变化关系,其相对强度之比表征了电子平均能量。结果表明电子平均能量随外加电压和驱动频率的增加而增加。本工作对大气压下气体放电的工业应用具有一定的意义,在军事飞行器隐身方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

等离子体针放电的振动温度和气体温度研究

大气压等离子体针空气放电产生的低温等离子体由于脱离了真空装置,在工业上具有广泛的应用前景。本文采用等离子体针装置在空气中产生了稳定的大气压等离子体羽,并利用光谱法对等离子体羽的振动温度和气体温度进行了研究。结果发现大气压空气等离子体羽的放电区域分为强光区和弱光区。放电发光信号是宽度为几个微秒的脉冲。研究结果表明等离子体振动温度随空间位置不同在2 500～3 000K范围变化。振动温度在强光区随着远离针尖距离的增大振动温度呈上升趋势,在5mm左右存在极大值,在弱光区随着远离针尖距离的增大振动温度呈下降趋势。与其相似,弱光区放电的气体温度随着远离针尖距离增大,从640K降低到540K。这些结果对大气压空气放电的工业应用具有重要意义。     

载氧环境下脉冲放电等离子体修复污染土壤体系中自由基的发射光谱

基于发射光谱检测方法的优越性以及在高级氧化降解体系中·OH和·O的重要作用,本研究采用发射光谱检测技术测定载氧环境下脉冲放电等离子体(pulsed discharge plasma, PDP)修复污染土壤体系中·OH和·O相对发射光谱强度的变化。研究建立了针-网式PDP修复污染土壤体系,利用光谱仪检测该PDP体系在载氧环境下所生成的·OH和·O的相对发射光谱强度。通过对比实验分别考察了不添加土壤、添加原土、添加有机污染土壤和添加有机-重金属复合污染土壤的PDP体系中·OH和·O的相对发射光谱强度变化,同时考察了脉冲峰值电压、电极间距和O₂体积流量变化对·OH和·O的相对发射光谱强度的影响。研究结果表明：添加土壤有利于放电的发生,进而提高了PDP体系中·OH和·O的生成;添加有机污染土壤的PDP体系中·OH和·O发射光谱强度较原土体系中低,证明了PDP体系中·OH和·O对有机物的氧化作用;重金属离子的加入对于PDP体系中有机物的降解有积极的促进作用。同时,脉冲峰值电压和O₂体积流量的增加有利于PDP体系中·OH和·O的产生,而电极间距的增加不利于PDP修复污染土壤体系中·OH和·O的生成。本研究在说明PDP用于污染土壤修复体系中·OH和·O的关键作用的基础上,分析了PDP用于污染土壤修复过程中体系主要因素变化对体系中主要自由基含量的影响规律。     

The voltage-pulsing effects in AC plasma display panel

The effect of the voltage pulsing is simulated in AC plasma display panel using various two-dimensional simulation codes. The volume-averaged density increases rapidly because of the large electric field in the AC-plasma display panel cell as the peak voltage is raised. The ignition time and the decaying time of the discharge are related to the external voltage. The space and time variations of the charged particle densities and the potential profile are described for various voltage forms. The ion energy distribution near the cathode-side dielectric which plays an important role in the MgO lifetime and the secondary electron emission coefficient is concentrated to much lower energies than the applied voltage     

The effects of high purity MgO nano-powders on the electrical properties of AC-PDPs

A major goal in plasma display panel technology is to reduce power consumption and increase efficiency. A candidate method to accomplish this goal is to increase the Xe content in discharge gases. However, this method has the weak point of increasing discharge voltages. High purity MgO powders made by the self-reaction method are adopted to overcome this disadvantage. From scanning electron microscope analysis, particles of the powders were observed to have very sharp edges, and the impurity content is very low according to inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. Moreover, the powders show a very high photo-induced electron emission and exo-electron emission, and have a very low concentration of oxygen vacancies by cathodoluminescence. Finally, the discharge voltage of high purity MgO powder-adopted films is reduced by about 34% compared to that of conventional films.     

发射光谱研究大气压等离子体射流的气体温度

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体喷枪装置,在大气压下流动氩气中产生了射流等离子体。利用光电倍增管,对射流等离子体进行了时空分辨测量,分析了等离子体喷枪内介质阻挡放电和外部等离子体羽的放电特性。利用高分辨率光谱仪采集等离子体羽处的发射光谱,通过对发射光谱中OH(A2Σ+→X2Π,307.7～308.9nm)及N2+的第一负系(B2Σ+u→X2Π+g,390～391.6nm)谱线拟合得到了射流等离子体的转动温度,拟合得到的转动温度分别为443和450K。在5%的误差范围内,这2种方法得到的结果是一致的。由于在大气压下,转动温度近似等于产生气体放电的气体温度,所以可以确定大气压射流等离子体气体温度。利用该方法研究了不同电压下的气体温度,发现气体温度随着外加电压增加而增大。     

Discharge Development in ac Plasma Displays

The discharge development in ac plasma displays is quantitatively assessed on the basis of comparatively great data quantities under well defined parameter conditions by means of computer controlled equipment. Investigated are ac plasma displays of three different sizes: PAF 58, 90 and PAF 128. The development of an individual discharge in a stationary pulse sequence is described by analyzing the light emitted by the discharge and by comparing the data obtained with theoretical calculations. Essential characteristics of the pulsed light emission of an ac plasma display discharge are the build-up time t_A, i.e. the period from cell voltage switch-on to the discharge maximum, and the characteristic time τ, which is the time constant describing the exponential growth of the discharge in its amplification range. The theoretical model shows the transition, during discharge build up, from directionization of neon atoms, mainly at low τ values, to ionization essentially via the Penning effect at high τ values. Therefore the effective Townsend ionization coefficient is dependent on τ. The measured time constants of the discharge build up are in good agreement with the calculated values. Adaption between measurement and calculation is achieved by variation of the secondary emission coefficient γ of the cathode.