稀土元素与金属硫蛋白作用的研究

稀土元素与金属硫蛋白作用的研究黄仲贤，郑起，高红英，顾伟强，刘芳（复旦大学化学系，上海，２００４３３）关键词稀土元素，金属硫蛋白，运铁蛋白金属硫蛋白（Ｍｅｔａｌｌｏｔｈｉｏｎｅｉｎ，ＭＴ）是广泛存在于动、植物体内的一类重要的重金属结合蛋白，它能结合Ｃ...     

金属硫蛋白聚合中阳离子作用机制的研究

蛋白质数据库 (ＰｒｏｔｅｉｎＤａｔａＢａｎｋ,ＰＤＢ)中有大鼠及几个其它种属动物的金属硫蛋白的结构 ,但其中只有大鼠金属硫蛋白亚型Ⅱ的晶体结构是完整的单体［１］,核磁共振溶液构象均只是金属硫蛋白被蛋白酶降解后的单一α或 β结构域．从大鼠金属硫蛋白亚型Ⅱ的晶体结构的堆积形式上看 ,二聚体可能是晶体生长过程中最小的堆积单元 ,因此Ｒｏｂｂｉｎｓ和Ｓｔｏｕｔ等人认为 ,大鼠金属硫蛋白亚型Ⅱ分子在溶液中也是以二聚体形式存在［２］．在晶体生长过程中 ,蛋白质在溶液中的构象会直接影响晶体的堆积．因此 ,对于大鼠金属硫蛋白…     

钴(Ⅱ)与金属硫蛋白的反应

研究了Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）和金属硫蛋白反应的动力学，发现反应分三段进行，由此得到了不同条件下各段对应的假一级反应速率常数。假设金属硫蛋白中每个金属结合２０／７个ＳＨ基团，用盐酸滴定ＣｏＴｈ（ｔｈｉｏｎｃｉｎ）和Ｃｏ７Ｔｈ，根据它们的紫外光谱特征波长处吸收值降至５０％时的ＰＨ，分别又得到它们的表观平均稳定常数。     

三种金属硫蛋白动力学稳定性的理论研究

对三类金属硫蛋白（大鼠金属硫蛋白亚型Ⅱ,兔肝金属硫蛋白亚型Ⅰ和兔肝金属硫蛋白亚型Ⅱ）的单体和二聚体进行了水溶液条件下的分子动力学模拟。其中大鼠金属硫蛋白亚型Ⅱ的结构直接来自于晶体数据,兔肝金属硫蛋白亚型Ⅰ和Ⅱ的结构则通过同源蛋白模型搭建。动力学模拟的结果显示,这三种单体在水溶液中都具有相当大的柔性,柔性主要来源于柔性区的氨基酸残基。三类金属硫蛋白单体的动力学模拟均表明α结构域的动力学稳定性都要优于     

微量元素的解毒作用

微量元素锌和铜能够诱导肝、脑、肾合成金属硫蛋白（MT）。在胎儿期，几乎所有人体组织内均含有丰富的MT。成人期肝组织中的MT明显减少，脑肾中则很难测得，但都保存合成MT的能力。每分子MT蛋白可结合7～12个金属离子。     

Rm.M（dmit）2型有机金属配合物的合成与表征

合成了２个系列９种新的季铵．二（在，３－一硫杂环戊烯－２－硫酮－４，５－二巯基）金属（缩写为Ｒｍ．Ｍ（ｄｍｉｔ）２）型有机金属配合物，用元素分析，ＩＣＰ和＾１ＨＮＭＲ等对它们的结构进行了表征，并讨论了光谱特征。     

锌,镉及金属硫蛋白在大鼠前列腺的定位研究

测定了Wister大鼠前列腺不同部位锌、镉含量，发现背侧叶、背前叶及腹叶含锌量依次为890．0±80．2、294.0±32.5和35.8±6．7μg／g干组织，含镉量依次为0.257±0．030、0.128±0．012和0．060±0．009μg／g干组织。各叶之间锌含量有显著性差异（P＜0.01），镉含量的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05），而且各叶中锌的含量明显高于镉。免疫组化测定将金属硫蛋白定位于腺体上细胞核和细胞液中，各叶均为阳性，其强度依次为背侧叶最强，背前叶其次，腹叶最弱，与锌、镉分布一致。     

一种新型结构的金属硫蛋白Pb-MT

金属硫蛋白（ｍｅｔａｌｏｔｈｉｏｎｅｉｎｓ,简称ＭＴｓ）是一大类富含巯基的小分子蛋白质（分子量＜９０００）,具有很强的金属结合能力,哺乳动物ＭＴ每分子可结合７个二价金属离子或１２个一价金属离子．ＭＴ的结构一直是科学家关注的热点,其中哺乳动物Ｃｄ７－Ｍ...     

猴金属硫蛋白MT1 α-结构域中Cys33和Cys34的突变对蛋白质稳定性的影响

重组猴金属硫蛋白MT1及其C33M,C34S和C33M/C34S突变体蛋白的蛋白质快速液相色谱(FPLC)分析表明,突变体蛋白C34S和C33M/C34S存在着两个稳定的流分f1和f2.CD光谱和重金属离子分析表明,突变体蛋白多流分不仅与半胱氨酸和Cd2+离子结合方式和构型有关,还与金属结合量有关.突变体蛋白多流分的结果表明,在把猴金属硫蛋白α-结构域中的Cys33和Cys34突变为非半胱氨酸残基以建立β-β结构域的金属硫蛋白时,可导致蛋白形成多种结构形式.这表明α-结构域在稳定金属硫蛋白的结构中起着重要的作用,半胱氨酸残基在肽链上的分布对金属硫蛋白的三级结构和金属硫簇的形成有重大的影响.     

亲和柱色谱原位酶切法纯化重金属镉结合的金属硫蛋白-3

按照人金属硫蛋白-3(hMT-3)的基因序列,选用大肠杆菌偏爱的密码子合成了全长hMT-3基因,并将其插入大肠杆菌融合表达质粒pALEX的多克隆位点中,在谷胱甘肽-硫-转移酶(GST)下游与GST融合表达。通过异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导在大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21（DE3）LysS中表达了与重金属离子镉结合的融合蛋白GST-Cd2+-hMT-3。经十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析表明融合蛋白主要在超声上清液中。分别通过“先纯化、后酶切”和“亲和柱色谱原位酶切”两种方法纯化了Cd2+-hMT-3,比较了两种方法的纯化效率和得率,表明原位酶切法操作简便,较之“先纯化、后酶切”法减少了洗脱、透析、冻干等步骤,从而也减少了样品的损失,提高了样品的纯度和得率。从摇瓶培养菌液中纯化获得了结合有Cd2+的完整的人金属硫蛋白-3,得率为1.8%。氨基酸组成分析结果表明所获得的Cd2+-hMT-3不含芳香族氨基酸和组氨酸,符合金属硫蛋白的特征;直读电感耦合等离子体发射光谱分析其硫镉原子比为21∶(7.5±0.1),与理论值21∶7基本吻合。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).