一种基于二氧化硅微颗粒的基因载体的制备新方法

建立了一种基于二氧化硅微颗粒的基因载体的制备新方法. 首先将正硅酸乙酯在乙醇和氨水环境下水解， 合成得到二氧化硅微颗粒, 然后通过静电作用将多聚赖氨酸修饰到硅微颗粒上, 制备出可有效地结合DNA的基因载体. 所制备的基因载体可将绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP导入COS-7细胞中, 实现了绿色荧光蛋白的高效表达. 本方法简便、 快速, 在基因转染与基因治疗研究领域具有较好的潜在应用价值.     

纤维素磁性微球在病原微生物检测中的应用研究

采用反向悬浮包埋技术和高速匀浆法制备了不同粒径的纤维素磁性微球,扫描电镜和铁离子分析结果表明,最佳粒径为5.82μm。后采用自行构建并表达的融合蛋白CBD-ProA和沙门氏菌多价抗体对最佳粒径的纤维素磁性微球进行活化,获得免疫磁性微球,其抗体偶联量为186.8mg/mL。最后采用致敏的免疫磁性微球分别对污染沙门氏菌的饮用水、牛奶和花生酱等样品进行免疫磁性捕获及分子鉴定,其检测限均可达10cfu/100mL。本研究开发的免疫磁性捕获技术,具有微球活化速度快、工艺简单、使用便捷等优势,同时,建立的免疫磁性捕获-PCR的方法与国标法相比,检测时间缩短48h,在食品安全、环境检测等方面具有实用价值。     

基于免疫磁分离的荧光微球免疫层析法检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌

建立了基于免疫磁分离的荧光微球免疫层析法,检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌.待检样品经免疫磁分离富集和热洗脱处理后,用荧光微球免疫层析试纸条进行检测.每毫克纳米磁珠标记30μg抗体制备的免疫磁珠,对浓度为102 ～ 106 CFU/mL的猪霍乱沙门氏菌的捕获率均大于90％,特异性好;在pH=6时,以300μ,g/mg猪霍乱沙门氏菌单抗11D8-D4标记荧光微球,制备免疫荧光微球;以2.0 mg/mL猪霍乱沙门氏菌单抗5F11-B11喷涂检测线(T线),以1.0 mg/mL驴抗鼠IgG喷涂质控线(C线),制备免疫层析试纸条.采用建立的基于免疫磁分离的荧光微球免疫层析方法检测猪霍乱沙门氏菌,在PBS缓冲液中检出限为1.5×105 CFU/mL,牛奶中检出限为7.6×105 CFU/mL,与直接采用荧光微球免疫层析方法检测相比,检出限分别降低了10倍和200倍.本方法可有效富集牛奶中的沙门氏菌,避免了基质干扰,灵敏度大大提高,具有较好的应用前景.     

高压静电喷雾法制备天然纤维素微球及影响因素研究

以绿色环保的碱脲体系溶解天然纤维素,并采用高压静电喷雾法制备再生纤维素微球.主要探讨了表面张力、静电力、溶液黏度和推进速度对微球形态和粒径的影响,并用扫描电镜、红外光谱和X射线衍射图谱进行了表征.结果表明,溶液表面张力的降低会使得微球粒径减小,其中粒径减小的程度与溶剂体系的挥发程度和溶液的均一性相关;同时,微球粒径随着静电力的增大呈减小趋势,而随着推进速度增加粒径呈单调上升趋势;微球形态与溶液黏度密切相关,当溶液黏度下降时,微球球形度下降,由球形变为楔形甚至带状结构,并且平均粒径有所减小,粒径分布增大.此外,再生后的纤维素微球具有良好的多孔性结构,纤维素化学性质没有发生改变,但晶型从纤维素Ⅰ转变为纤维素Ⅱ.     

具有高选择性吸附的表面分子印迹磁性纤维素微球的制备与性能

以纤维素和纳米Fe₃O₄为原料制得磁性纤维素微球, 在纤维素微球表面选择合适的模板分子, 以甲基丙烯酸、 丙烯酰胺和N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为功能单体, 采用水溶液聚合法制得表面分子印迹磁性纤维素微球. 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线衍射(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等表征了分子印迹聚合物微球的结构. 以罗丹明B(RhB)为模板分子, 通过吸附动力学与吸附热力学实验研究了表面分子印迹磁性纤维素微球对RhB的吸附性能, 结果表明, 制备的表面分子印迹磁性纤维素微球对罗丹明B具有特异性识别作用, 饱和吸附量达到0.542 mg/mg, 吸附平衡时间为10 h左右. 表面分子印迹磁性纤维素微球大大降低了对吸附环境的依赖, 并可重复利用.     

电击法磁性纳米颗粒作为水稻转基因载体的研究

建立了以磁性纳米颗粒为载体,由电击法介导基因导入植物细胞的优化方法。制备了粒径小于10nm的磁性纳米颗粒,与绿色荧光蛋白(Green fluorescent protein,GFP)基因融合制备基因载体,同时,制备水稻悬浮细胞,加入电极杯中,调节电击条件为:电压分别是800,1000和1200V,电容25μF,电阻200Ω,直径10mm,电击数次。利用倒置荧光显微镜观察转化后的悬浮细胞,可以明显看到绿色荧光蛋白在水稻细胞内表达。说明纳米颗粒基因载体在电击作用下能有效进入细胞,利用磁性纳米颗粒作为基因载体电击法转化植物细胞初步成功。     

磁性微球与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

以纳米级四氧化三铁为磁性载体,以苯乙烯为单体,用微悬浮聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯磁性微球;以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模型蛋白,用荧光光谱仪和紫外-可见吸收光谱仪研究了磁性微球与BSA的相互作用.结果表明,磁性微球与BSA结合反应的猝灭机理为静态猝灭.     

壳聚糖纳米粒子荧光探针的制备和表征

通过低分子量的壳聚糖(LCS)聚阳离子与三聚磷酸钠(TPP)的静电作用制备纳米级壳聚糖微球,并利用壳聚糖链上丰富的氨基与荧光素异硫氰酸酯(FITC)反应从而制备纳米壳聚糖微球荧光探针(NFCS)。结果表明,当壳聚糖分子量为60000,LCS与TPP的质量比为6∶1时,可得到粒度均一的球形纳米粒子,平均粒径为40±3 nm。荧光倒置显微镜观察证实FITC结合到壳聚糖微球上。荧光光谱分析显示NFCS的最大激发波长、最大发射波长与游离态FITC无显著差异。光漂白实验证实NFCS的稳定性比游离态FITC有显著提高。     

纳米纤维素的制备及产业化

纳米纤维素因其独特的结构及优越的性能引起了学术和企业界的广泛关注与重视,日渐成为新材料和纤维素科学领域的研究热点。以木质纤维资源为原料,可分离出两种主要类型的纳米纤维素：纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）和纤维素纳米纤丝（CNF）。本文详细综述了CNC和CNF的制备方法,着重介绍了近几年新兴的制备方法,包括可回收的有机酸水解法综合制备CNC和CNF,美国高附加值制浆（AVAP）法制备木质素包覆的CNC和CNF,低共熔溶剂预处理结合机械剪切高效制备CNC和CNF,以及微极性环境下可调控机械剥离制备亲疏水性CNF等。同时,讨论了各种制备方法的优缺点,并介绍了国内外纳米纤维素的产业化研究进展。最后,我们提出纳米纤维素的制备方法未来将朝着绿色、高效和可持续的方向发展。     

基于Fe3O4@SiO2/Ni-NTA磁性微球的His-tag融合蛋白纯化体系的建立

合成了表面共价结合Ni-氨基三乙酸(Ni-NTA)基团的Fe3O4@ SiO2微球,这种磁性微球可用于分离含有His-tag标签的融合蛋白.微球中心由尺寸约402 nm的Fe3O4微粒组成,赋予了微球极好的磁性分离和离心分离的特性.应用Fe3O4@ SiO2/Ni-NTA磁性微球对含有6×His-tag(6聚组氨酸)标签的蛋白进行了分离纯化,结果表明,10 mg Fe3O4@ SiO2/Ni-NTA微球能够从10mL重组蛋白裂解液中纯化出约1 mg带有6×His-tag标签的融合蛋白.微球的高效分离效果使其能够用于含量较低的带有6×His-tag标签蛋白的分离纯化.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.