共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 671 毫秒
1.
J. M. Czerwiec M. Żurowska K. Garbat R. Dąbrowski M. Marzec S. Wróbel 《Opto-Electronics Review》2011,19(3):270-276
Influence of the electric field upon alignment of molecules in ferro- and antiferroelectric phases has been studied for two
fluoro-substituted compounds exhibiting antiferroelectric phase at room temperature. Two different relaxation processes have
been revealed in the ferroelectric as well as antiferroelectric phase. Low temperature value of spontaneous polarization is
ca. 130 nC/cm2 for both substances studied. The substances align very well in the external electric field — a mono-domain of the ferroelectric
SmC* phase can be obtained in about 3.5 hours. 相似文献
2.
Prabir K. Mukherjee 《Phase Transitions》2013,86(1-2):65-84
This review is an attempt towards a unified picture of the direct transitions from the isotropic liquid to ferroelectric and antiferroelectric liquid crystalline phases formed by rod-like and bent-core molecules. The Landau–Ginzburg theories of the phase transitions between the isotropic liquid to ferroelectric and antiferroelectric liquid crystalline phases in compounds composed of chiral rod-like molecules and achiral bent-core molecules are presented. This includes a discussion of the nature of the order parameters and the nature of the various types of phase transitions. The various predictions are compared with the available experimental results. 相似文献
3.
We report electro-optic experiments in liquid crystalline freestanding films of achiral hockey stick shaped mesogens with a straight aromatic core. The material forms two smectic mesophases. In the higher temperature phase, a spontaneous polarization exists in the smectic layer plane and the films show polar switching in electric fields. It is the first example of a ferroelectric phase formed by nearly rodlike achiral mesogens. Mirror symmetry of the phase is spontaneously broken. We propose a molecular configuration similar to a synclinic ferroelectric (C(S)P(F)) high temperature phase and an anticlinic, probably antiferroelectric (C(A)P(A)) low temperature phase. 相似文献
4.
The most important goal of our research is to show the influence of the ‘guest’ (bent-core mesogen, 1,3-phenyldicarboxylatebis{4-[(4-octylbenzoyl)sulphanyl]phenyl} [IFOS8], banana-shaped liquid crystal [BLC]) on the ‘host’ (calamitic liquid crystal [CLC], (S)-(+)-1-methylheptyloxybiphenyl-(4-n-octylphenyl)thiobenzoate [MHOBS8]), on the stability and the destabilization of the antiferroelectric B2 and the ferroelectric smectic C* (SmC*) phases, and change of the temperature ranges of other phases in the binary liquid crystal mixtures. This work is focused on polymorphism of three new binary liquid crystal mixtures, exhibiting a ‘guest–host’ (guest liquid crystal–host liquid crystal [GH-LC]) effect. MHOBS8 has, among others, a ferroelectric SmC* phase, and IFOS8 assumes the B2 phase with antiferroelectric properties. The observed properties of the mixtures, such as variation of the phase transition temperatures, spontaneous polarization, tilt angle and switching time, are characteristic of a ‘guest–host’ mixture. The influence of BLC on the character of the interactions within the CLC host is discussed, with particular attention paid to electro-optical properties of the GH-LC mixtures. 相似文献
5.
Maja Stojanović Alexej Bubnov Dusanka Ž. Obadović Vĕra Hamplová Miroslav Kašpar Miroslav Cvetinov 《Phase Transitions》2013,86(4):380-390
Studies of structural and phase properties obtained on several ferroelectric liquid crystalline materials with 2-alkoxypropionate group used as a chiral centre and without any lateral substitution are presented. In dependence on the chiral chain length these compounds exhibit the cholesteric N* phase, the ferroelectric smectic C* and a low-temperature SmX phase. Values of the spontaneous polarization and spontaneous tilt angle have been determined within the whole range of the SmC* phase. A low-temperature SmX phase has been identified as the orthogonal hexatic SmB* phase. The molecular parameters, namely the layer spacing in the SmC* and SmB* phases and the average intermolecular distances (D) between neighbouring parallel molecules in all investigated phases have been determined using the results of the X-ray diffraction obtained on non-oriented samples. The effect of the chiral chain length on mesomorphic, structural and physical properties of the studied ferroelectric liquid crystalline materials is discussed. 相似文献
6.
Ashwani Kumar Singh Amir Iqbal Upendra Bahadur Singh Roman S. Dabrowski 《Phase Transitions》2018,91(8):811-820
Thermodynamic and electro-optical characterization of a ferroelectric liquid crystalline material, namely ((S) (+) 4-(1-methylheptyloxy) phenyl 4′-octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate) possessing paraelectric SmA*, ferroelectric SmC*, hexatic SmBh* and SmI* phases has been carried out. Phase identification has been done by optical and thermodynamic studies. Switching parameters viz. spontaneous polarization, switching time and rotational viscosity have been determined. The spontaneous polarization has been found to increase with decreasing temperature in SmC* phase. The switching time is found of the order of few milliseconds. 相似文献
7.
A.G. Khachaturyan 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》1975,36(10):1055-1061
A nematic liquid crystalline phase is considered whose rod-like non-centrosymmetric molecules possess a permanent dipole moment. This phase is a “liquid ferroelectric” if all the molecules are oriented along the same “preferred” direction. It is shown that a liquid ferroelectric can not exist in a homogeneous nematic state. It is transformed into a more stable helical structure (the vector of the spontaneous polarization of such a structure rotates aroung the helical axis). There is a variety of domain structures for the specific case when the anisotropy coefficient of the polarization is equal to zero. Since each elementary dipole moment is rigidly bound to its molecule, the “preferred” alignment direction of the rod-like molecules as well as the polarization vector rotates with respect to the same axis in a helical manner. Therefore a nematic phase with a nonzero spontaneous polarization has a cholesteric structure. Its helical pitch is determined by the geometric size of the sample, the absolute value of the spontaneous polarization, and the elastic moduli. Apparently, we can consider some cholesteric phases to be liquid ferroelectrics with helical domain structure. 相似文献
8.
A detailed investigation of the electro-optical switching parameters of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal (S)-(+)-4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl) phenyl 4′-(6-octanoyloxyhex-1-oxy) biphenyl-4-carboxylate (abbreviated as S-7H6Bi) has been carried out. S-7H6Bi has paraelectric (SmA?) and ferroelectric (SmC?) phases in addition to antiferroelectric (SmC?A) phase. Switching parameters viz. spontaneous polarization and switching time were determined by polarization reversal method. The spontaneous polarization (Ps) is found to be highly temperature dependent and decreases with temperature. The maximum value of Ps is found to be ∼90 nC/cm2 whereas the switching time (ts) is found to be of the order 1-2 ms. The temperature dependent torsional viscosity (γt) is of the order 10 Pa sec. It increases with decrease in temperature. 相似文献
9.
Anamika Pramanik Malay Kumar Das Vĕra Hamplová Miroslav Kašpar Alexej Bubnov 《Phase Transitions》2015,88(7):745-757
The effect of several polar ester linkage groups incorporated in the molecular core of a chiral lactic acid derivative on self-assembling properties has been investigated by polarizing optical microscopy, small angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, optical and electro--optical studies. The compound possesses the paraelectric smectic A* (SmA*) and ferroelectric smectic C* (SmC*) phases over a broad temperature range. Mesomorphic behaviour, spontaneous polarization, birefringence, optical transmission, dielectric anisotropy and structural properties of the self-assembled chiral material have been determined. The obtained results are discussed and compared with that of other liquid crystalline materials. Experimentally determined spontaneous polarization and tilt angle values are also used to elucidate the nature of SmC* to SmA* phase transition. The effect of polar ester linkages in the molecular core has also been discussed. 相似文献
10.
The aim of this paper is to study the influence of electric field on alignment of para-, ferro- and antiferroelectric phases
in the vicinity of SmA* — SmC* or SmC* — SmC
A
*
phase transitions as to obtain mono-domain cells. Four mixtures studied (W-193B, W-193B-1, W-201, W-204D) show the SmC
A
*
phase in a wide room temperature range. Measurements of the spontaneous polarization versus temperature by using reversal
current method give an answer to the question, what kind of the transitions take place between para-, ferro- or antiferroelectric
phases using the Landau mean field theory. Optimal electrooptic parameters for different compositions of the mixtures such
as tilt angle, spontaneous polarization and saturation voltage have been measured to compare parameters of the mixtures studied. 相似文献
11.
采用掺铌的锆钛锡酸铅(PNZST)反铁电陶瓷作为研究对象,研究了不同的直流电场作用下,等静压力诱导极化态反铁电陶瓷发生去极化过程(同时发生铁电/反铁电相变)的规律.当极化态样品两端电场强度为6 kV/cm时,去极化压力为128.8 MPa;当极化态样品两端电场强度为-6 kV/cm时,去极化压力为74.2 MPa.在与极化电场方向相反的外加电场作用下极化态样品具有较小的去极化压力.讨论了外加直流电场影响极化态反铁电陶瓷去极化压力的内在机理.得到了不同外置电场下的去极化压力,并绘制了该材料的外加直流电场(<
关键词:
去极化
反铁电体
相变 相似文献
12.
3,5-Disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles are a new type of liquid crystalline (LC) compounds with asymmetrical five-membered heterocycle
as a central unit. They have a bent shape and are very convenient model-compounds for studying the dependence of the LC properties
on the molecular design. We have also synthesized and investigated ‘banana-shaped’ 1,2,4-oxadiazoles using the ester groups
as the linkage units. The new compounds exhibit spontaneous polarization in the smectic phase, even if there is no chiral
group in the molecules. Preliminary experimental data suggest the presence of spontaneous polarization in the nematic phase
as well. In order to study the structural properties of the LC phases, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements on powder samples
have been carried out. Based on the XRD data, a model of the structural arrangement of the bent molecules in the smectic phase
is provided, which accounts for the macroscopic spontaneous polarization as well as the ferroelectric switching behavior. 相似文献
13.
O'Sullivan JW Panarin YP Vij JK Seed AJ Hird M Goodby JW 《J Phys Condens Matter》1996,8(38):L551-L556
The effects of temperature and applied voltage on the pyroelectric properties of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal are given. It has been found that the pyroelectric signal depends strongly on the bias voltage across the sample. The pyroelectric signal behaviour is interpreted with the aid of spontaneous polarization data and good agreement is found between the results from the pyroelectric and polarization techniques. The spontaneous polarization of the sample exhibits the temperature- and field-induced `Devil's staircase' behaviour, as predicted by the Ising model. 相似文献
14.
We report the observation of elementary edge dislocations in smectic liquid crystals possessing helical structure. The dislocations were observed in the entire temperature range of helical phases, including ferroelectric, ferrielectric and antiferroelectric phases. The mechanism for visualizing the dislocations is based on the phenomenon of selective reflection of circularly polarised light. The performed observations of dislocations deliver not only information on the mechanisms of defect creation in various chiral smectic phases, but also on the structure and properties of the investigated smectics, often inaccessible using standard methods. 相似文献
15.
Tolédano P Figueiredo Neto AM Boulbitch AA Roy A 《Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics》1999,59(6):6785-6797
The stable antiferroelectric and ferrielectric smectic phases which may arise below a chiral SmA* phase are investigated theoretically. The symmetry and physical properties of the bilayer and multilayer configurations are worked out. Antiferroelectric and ferrielectric bilayer and multilayer configurations, possessing an induced spontaneous ferroelectric polarization component perpendicular to the smectic layers, are shown to take place, as the result of a nonlinear piezoelectric effect. These states of low polar symmetries occur when the angle between the inlayer projections of the dipoles and the director of the molecules is different from 90 degrees. 相似文献
16.
Mixture of two liquid crystalline components exhibits the antiferroelectric phase in a broad temperature range at room temperatures,
though the two components separately do not show an antiferroelectric phase in a temperature range applied. The dielectric
spectroscopy technique combined with measurements of the selective light reflection was used for identification and characterization
of the phases and subphases existing in the mixture. In the SmC*A phase, the low frequency mode characteristic of antiferroelectric phase has been detected. In the broad temperature range
between SmC*A and SmA* phases, no relaxation mode has been detected. The soft mode registered near the phase transition to SmA* phase follows
the Curie-Weiss law. 相似文献
17.
Achard MF Bedel JP Marcerou JP Nguyen HT Rouillon JC 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2003,10(2):129-134
Taking advantage of the great number of bent-core or “banana" compounds synthesized and studied in the laboratory, we describe
their behaviour under the application of an external electric field. If the field were a static one, we would work within
the frame of an equilibrium phase diagram in a (field E, temperature T) space where some phases would be simple dielectrics and others ferroelectric ones with a macroscopic polarization, either
spontaneous or induced by the field. In this paper, we deal with the basic responses of “banana” liquid crystals under the
application of a low frequency (1 to 100 Hz) AC field. Firstly square-wave voltages allow us to locate the phase boundary
between dielectric (at lower field) and ferroelectric phases (higher field) at a given temperature and field threshold. Then
we apply slowly varying AC voltages with shapes like triangle or “triple-plateau” to check out the stability of the induced
ferroelectric phase versus field removal. Three behaviours are encountered, the unstable one (short lifetime of the high-field ferroelectric phase)
where the macroscopic polarization is destroyed and then rebuilt in the opposite direction during each half period and usually
called “antiferroelectric”; the stable one (long lifetime) with a polarization that rotates at constant modulus which is labeled
as “ferroelectric” and a new one where the macroscopic polarization is proportional to the applied fied, we named this behaviour
as “superparaelectric”. Let us stress that these observations apply to the ferroelectric phases of the (E, T) phase diagram not to the zero field (0,T) phases observed in the usual phase characterization experiments except for an
eventual spontaneous ferroelectric phase.
Received 18 April 2002 and Received in final form 17 January 2003 Published online: 16 April 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: marcerou@crpp.u-bordeaux.fr
RID="b"
ID="b"URL: http://www.crpp-bordeaux.cnrs.fr 相似文献
18.
Frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric parameters of a liquid crystalline compound (S)-4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)phenyl-4′-(6-pentanoyloxyhex-1-oxy)biphenyl-4-carboxylate under planar orientation of the molecules have been investigated in the frequency range 1 Hz-10 MHz. This compound possesses smectic paraelectric (SmA*), ferroelectric (SmC*) and antiferroelectric (SmCA*) phases. Dielectric spectroscopy suggests the existence of a relaxation mechanism in the SmA* phase, which behaves as a soft mode. In the SmC* phase two relaxation modes are observed. One mode continues from the SmA* phase with decreasing dielectric strength and the other has characteristics of the Goldstone mode. Two dielectric relaxation modes have been observed for the SmCA* phase. These two modes are related to the antiferroelectric ordering and the helical structure of the SmCA* phase. 相似文献
19.
In the paper we consider size effects on phase transitions and polar properties of thin antiferroelectric films. We extend the phenomenological approach proposed by Kittel for thin films allowing for gradient (correlation) energy and depolarization field energy. Surface piezoelectric effect as well as misfit strain appear due to lattice constants mismatch between the film and its substrate. Direct variational method is used to derive the free energy with renormalized coefficients depending on the film thickness. Obtained free energy expression allows the calculation of phase diagrams and all electro-physical properties by a conventional minimization procedure. Approximate analytical expressions for the paraelectric–antiferroelectric–ferroelectric transition temperature dependences on film thickness, polarization gradient coefficient, and extrapolation lengths were obtained. The thickness dependence of the electric field critical value that causes antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase transition was calculated. Under favorable conditions the antiferroelectric phase at first transforms into ferroelectric one and then into paraelectric phase with the decrease of the film thickness. Proposed theoretical consideration explains the experimental results obtained in antiferroelectric PbZrO3 thin films. 相似文献