Frustration in a transverse Ising nanoisland: effects of interlayer coupling

The phase diagram and magnetizations in a transverse Ising nanoisland are examined by using the effective field theory with correlations. The nanoisland is constructed from two layers with nine atoms in each which are coupled by the interlayer coupling. We present some characteristic phenomena in them which come from the frustration induced by an interlayer coupling and two transverse fields.     

Unconventional magnetic properties in transverse Ising nanoislands: Effects of interlayer coupling

The phase diagram and magnetizations in two transverse Ising nanoislands with different (hexagonal and square) structures which are consisted of the two layers are examined by using the effective-field theory with correlations. The effects of interlayer coupling and two transverse fields at the center and the perimeter atoms on them are examined. We present some characteristic phenomena in the magnetic properties which come from the frustration induced by them.     

The hysteresis loops of a ferroelectric bilayer film with surface transition layers

Based on the transverse Ising model in the framework of the mean field approximation,this paper discusses a ferroelectric bilayer film with the surface transition layers within each constituent slab and an antiferroelectric interfacial coupling between two slabs.The hysteresis loop of a bilayer film is investigated.The results show that the surface transition layer in a ferroelectric bilayer film plays a significant role in realizing the multiple-state memory.     

利用高阶拉盖尔-高斯横模精确测量法布里-珀罗腔内原子的运动轨迹

研究了冷原子与法布里-珀罗腔内拉盖尔-高斯横模强耦合相互作用体系的透射光谱, 分析了透射光谱与原子在腔中运动轨迹的关系. 结果表明, 与厄米特-高斯横模相比, 拉盖尔-高斯横模的腔场与原子的最大耦合系数几乎不随阶数的增加而变化, 使得探测光谱的对比度受模式阶数的影响较小. 在拉盖尔-高斯横模场分布的圆环边缘附近, 原子运动轨迹的微小偏移会引起透射光谱的很大变化, 因此在这些位置可以实现原子运动轨迹的高精度探测.     

Ferroelectric phase transition of a finite alternating superlattice

The phase transition properties of ferroelectric supperlattice with finite alternating layers have been investigated by using the transverse Ising model within the mean field approximation. The effects of surface modification are introduced on the assumption that the exchange interaction and transverse field parameters on the top surface are different from those in other layers of the superlattice. The phase diagrams are described in two different ways. The results indicate that the features of the phase diagrams can be greatly modified by changing the transverse Ising model parameters.     

Phase transition properties of ferroelectric thin films with two surface layers

The phase diagrams of ferroelectric thin films with two surface layers described by the transverse Ising model have been studied under the mean-field approximation. We discuss the effects of the exchange interaction and transverse field parameters on the phase diagrams. The results indicate that the phase transition properties of the phase diagrams can be greatly modified by changing the transverse Ising model parameters. In addition, the crossover features of the parameters from the ferroelectric dominant phase diagram to the paraelectric dominant phase diagram are determined for ferroelectric thin films with two surface layers.     

铁磁/半导体(绝缘体)/铁磁异质结中渡越时间与两铁磁层磁矩夹角变化的关系

在群速度概念的基础上, 研究了自旋极化电子隧穿通过铁磁体/半导体(绝缘体)/铁磁体异质结时, 渡越时间随两端铁磁层中磁矩夹角变化的关系. 研究结果表明: 当中间层为半导体层时, 由于半导体层中的Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度的影响, 自旋向上电子和自旋向下电子的渡越时间差会在两铁磁层相对磁矩夹角为π/2和3π/2附近出现一个极小值. 当中间层为绝缘体层时, 势垒高度的变化会导致不同取向的自旋极化电子渡越时间差的变化, 并当势垒高度超过一临界值时发生翻转. 关键词： 铁磁体/半导体(绝缘体)/铁磁体异质结 Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度 渡越时间 磁矩     

Mesoscopic structural transformations of the Au(111) surface induced by alkali metal adsorption

The response of the Au(111) surface reconstruction on the adsorption of Na and K atoms was studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy. With increasing coverage the periodicity of the chevron structure decreases continuously from about 250 to 100 Å. For Na coverages exceeding θ ≈ 0.20 the stacking fault lines become distorted and eventually a poorly ordered domain structure with hexagonal symmetry and even higher density of Au atoms is formed at θ ≈ 0.23. These effects are attributed to an adsorbate-induced weakening of the coupling between the first two Au layers by which the influence of the elastic stress within the topmost layer becomes more dominant.     

Transverse josephson plasma mode in T* cuprate superconductors

A transverse optical plasma mode is observed at far-infrared frequencies within the superconducting gap region by measuring the c-axis optical reflectivity for single crystals of T* cuprate superconductors SmLa0.85Sr0.15CuO4-delta and Nd1.4Sr0.4Ce0.2CuO4-delta. These T* cuprates have two different insulating layers sandwiching the superconducting CuO2 planes, leading to two longitudinal plasmons. Also, the transverse mode is directly observed due to the coupling of the infrared radiation with the current perpendicular to the superconducting layers which are regarded as an alternating array of two inequivalent Josephson junctions.     

Dependence of the Interface Magnetism in a Ferromagnetic Superlattice on the Geometric Structure

A new method which combines the mean-field renormalization group with the discretized path-integral representation is proposed to study interface magnetism in a ferromagnetic superlattice consisting of two alternating materials. A simple spin-1/2 transverse Ising model with the nearest-neighbour coupling is assumed. The dependence of the interface magnetism in the superlattice on the geometric structure and the coupling strengths between the interface and bulk layers are studied.     

The efficiency of parallel quantum memory for light in a cavity configuration

We present a new scheme of quantum memory for optical images (spatially multimode light fields) that allows mapping the quantum state of the signal onto the long-lived coherence of the ground state of an ensemble of stationary atoms or impurity centers. The memory medium is embedded in an optical cavity with degenerate transverse modes, which increases the effective optical thickness of the medium and allows one, in principle, to store information in optically thin atomic layers. Since, in reality, storage and retrieval of limited-duration signals, including signals shorter than the lifetime of the field in the cavity, is of interest, we do not use the low-Q cavity approximation. The influence of losses due to partial reflection of the nonstationary signal field incident on a coupling mirror on the storage efficiency is considered. We used the method of approximate impedance matching, wherein losses due to reflection can be minimized by controlling the coupling parameter of the light field with memory medium in time, thus creating conditions for destructive interference of the signal and local fields on the coupling mirror. The influence of diffraction on the transverse resolution of memory at the writing and readout stages is investigated, and the number of effectively stored transverse spatial modes of the signal is estimated.     

The magnetic properties of a finite superlattice with two disordered interfaces

Within the framework of the effective field theory, based on a probability distribution technique, we examine the critical and compensation behaviors of a ferrimagnetic alternating superlattice on a simple cubic structure. The superlattice consists of k unit cells each of which consists of L layers of spin-1/2 A atoms, L layers of spin-1 B atoms and a disordered interface with two layers in between that is characterized by a random arrangement of A and B atoms A_pB_1−pA_1−pB_p with a negative coupling A − B. Considering a finite and infinite superlattices, the effect of the thickness of the film and the surface exchange coupling on the magnetic properties are studied. The obtained results show a number of characteristic phenomena.     

Spin Wave Spectra in a Ferromagnetic/Non-magnetic Superlatt ice with Antiparallel Magnetization

The transfer-matrix method is employed to investigate the spin waves in a ferromagnetic/non-magnetic superlat tice with an antiferromagnetic coupling between interfacial ferromagnetic layers across a non-magnetic spacer layers and the an tiparaUel magnetizations between neighboring ferromagnetic films. The dispersion relation of the spin waves is obtained. The effects of the thickness of the magnetic layers, the antiferromagnetic coupling strength and concentration of magnetic atoms at the interface on the spin wave spectra are discussed in detail.     

Electronic and magnetic properties of multishell Co nanowires coated with Cu

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of ultrathin Cu-coated Co nanowires have been studied by using empirical genetic algorithm simulations and a tight-binding spd model Hamiltonian in the unrestricted Hartree-Fock approximation. For some specific stoichiometric compositions, Cu atoms occupy the surface, while Co atoms prefer to stay in the interior, forming the perfect coated multishell structures. The outer Cu layers lead to substantial variations in the magnetic moment of interior Co atoms, depending on the structure and thickness of Cu layers. In particular, single Co atom row at the center of nanowire is found to be nonmagnetic when coated with two Cu layers. All the other Co nanowires in the coated Cu shell are still magnetic but the magnetic moments are reduced as compared with Co nanowires without Cu coating. The interaction between Cu and Co atoms induces nonzero magnetic moment for Cu atoms.     

立方相Ag3PO4(111)面原子几何及弛豫结构的第一性原理计算

采用平面波超软赝势方法研究了立方相Ag3PO4(111)面的表面能和表面原子弛豫结构.首先对Ag3PO4(111)面的八种不同原子终止结构的体系总能量进行计算,结果表明B种表面模型被证实为最稳定的(111)面原子几何结构.针对该表面结构,探讨了表面能和原子弛豫与模型中原子层数和真空厚度的关系,当原子层数为24层,真空厚度为0.6 nm时,表面能收敛于1.41 J/m2(LDA-CAPZ)和1.39 J/m2(GGA-PBE).表面原子弛豫后,表面两个三配位的Ag原子均向里移动,超过0.06 nm,而表面次层的O原子则均向外移动约0.0042 nm,导致弛豫后暴露在最表面的是O原子,同时表面原子的核外电子向表面内部发生转移,结构趋于稳定.这些结果为进一步深入研究Ag3PO4表面的光催化活性起源提供理论支持.     

立方相Ag_3PO_4(111)面原子几何及弛豫结构的第一性原理计算

采用平面波超软赝势方法研究了立方相Ag_3PO_4(111)面的表面能和表面原子弛豫结构.首先对Ag_3PO_4(111)面的八种不同原子终止结构的体系总能量进行计算,结果表明B种表面模型被证实为最稳定的(111)面原子几何结构.针对该表面结构,探讨了表面能和原子弛豫与模型中原子层数和真空厚度的关系,当原子层数为24层,真空厚度为0.6 nm时,表面能收敛于1.41 J/m2(LDA-CAPZ)和1.39 J/m2(GGA-PBE).表面原子弛豫后,表面两个三配位的Ag原子均向里移动,超过0.06 nm,而表面次层的O原子则均向外移动约0.0042 nm,导致弛豫后暴露在最表面的是O原子,同时表面原子的核外电子向表面内部发生转移,结构趋于稳定.这些结果为进一步深入研究Ag_3PO_4表面的光催化活性起源提供理论支持.     

Anisotropy of long-wavelength optical phonons in GaAs/AlAs superlattices

The angular anisotropy of optical phonons in GaAs/AlAs (001) superlattices is investigated by Raman scattering spectroscopy. Scattering configurations allowed for phonons with wave vectors oriented along the superlattice layers and normally to them are used. For phonons localized in GaAs layers, the theoretically predicted mixing of the LO1 longitudinal modes with TO1 transverse modes in which atomic displacements occur along the normal to the superlattice is observed experimentally. These modes possess noticeable angular anisotropy. For transverse modes in which atoms move in the plane of the superlattice, the angular anisotropy is small.     

金纳米薄膜的荧光光谱特性

采用电化学方法制备了胶体盒纳米球状颗粒,并利用自组装方法在石英玻璃村底上镀制了金纳米薄膜。在室温下测得其紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱。在吸收光谱中观察到两个吸收峰,其中610nm、处的吸收峰来源于凝聚金纳米颗粒纵向的表面等离子体共振。在荧光发射光谱中也观察到与纵向表面等离子体共振有关的长波段的发射峰。增加激励光强度或增加薄膜中金粒子散密度都将导致新荧光发射峰的产生．这表明金纳米薄膜中存在循环多重散射,并由此引发了荧光发射峰数目和强度的变化。     

Ferrimagnetic behaviors in a double-wall cubic metal nanotube

A double-wall cubic metal nanotube consists of the ferromagnetic spin-1 inner shell and spin-3/2 surface shell. It is of the ferrimagnetic exchange coupling between two shells. Considering the single-ion anisotropy and transverse field exist together, the magnetization, the initial susceptibility, the internal energy and the specific heat have been investigated by using the effective-field theory with correlations. Some interesting phenomena have been found in the thermal variations of the system. Magnetization appears two or three compensation points in certain parameters. It is an unconventional ferrimagnetic behavior in the nanotube. The shapes of total magnetization and the initial susceptibility are great influenced by the surface exchange coupling, surface single-ion anisotropy and surface transverse field. Some results of nanotube may have potential applications in different research fields, such as electronics, optics, mechanics, and even biomedicine and molecular devices.     

基于弱耦合模理论的空间多波导耦合特性研究

不在同一平面的空间多波导中光耦合发生在横截面两个方向,利用空间多波导可以方便、有效地实现不同层间器件的互连。将平面波导耦合模理论推广到空间多波导之间的耦合,在弱导引条件下给出了空间多波导的耦合方程。利用该耦合方程对三维集成光学器件中常见的空间三波导和空间四波导的耦合特性进行分析,得出光强分布及耦合长度的解析表达式,并用三维全矢量光束传输法验证了分析结果。分析结果表明利用空间多波导可以实现水平和垂直两个方向上的均匀或非均匀分束,为利用空间多波导之间相互耦合的三维定向耦合器件的设计和分析提供理论基础。