Thermal and calorimetric studies of M(IO3)2·6H2O and M(IO3)2·6D2O forM 2+=Ca2+ and Sr2+

Thermal and calorimetric studies were carried out on M(IO₃)₂·6H₂O and M(IO₃)₂·6D₂O forM ²⁺=Ca²⁺ and Sr²⁺, using DTA and DSC methods. The thermal behaviour of the ordinary and deuterated hydrates is outlined and the differences observed between them are discussed. The enthalpies of the phase transitions were determined. The H _f ^o for Ca(IO₃)₂·6H₂O, Ca(IO₃)₂·6H₂O(D₂O) and Sr(IO₃)₂·6H₂O(D₂O) were calculated from the H _deh data and comments are made on the isotope effect observed.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels DTA- und DSC-Methoden wurden Me(IO₃)₂·6H₂O und Me(IO₃)₂·6D₂O (mitMe ²⁺=Ca²⁺ und Sr²⁺) thermisch und kalorimetrisch untersucht. Es wird ein Überblick über das thermische Verhalten ordentlicher und deuterierter Hydrate gegeben, in dem auch die Unterschiede zwischen beiden diskutiert werden. Die Enthalpien der untersuchten Phasenumwandlungen wurden bestimmt. Aus den Daten für H_deh wurde H_f von Ca(IO₃)₂·6H₂O, Ca(IO₃)₂H₂O(D₂O) und Sr(IO₃)₂·6H₂O(D₂O) berechnet und Bemerkungen zum beobachteten Isotopeneffektes gemacht.

     

H2 evolution from H2O/H2O2/MWO4 (M = Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+) systems by photocatalytic reaction

H₂ evolution from H₂O/H₂O₂/MWO₄ (M = Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺) systems was studied for the first time. The MWO₄ (M = Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺) powders were synthesized by a salt aqueous solution reaction followed by calcination. The light band gaps of the FeWO₄, CoWO₄, and NiWO₄ powders determined from UV–vis absorption spectra were 1.83, 2.58, and 2.86 eV, respectively. The experiment on the H₂ evolution from H₂O/H₂O₂/MWO₄ (M = Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺) systems indicated that the efficiency increased in order of FeWO₄ > CoWO₄ > NiWO₄ and was larger under sunlight with strong intensity than under visible light.     

Ca/Sr对(Sr2-xCax)MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+发光性能的影响

使用高温同相法制备了不同Ca/Sr对(Sr2-xCax)MgSi2O7:Eu2+,Dy3+长余辉材料发光材料,用X线粉末衍射表征该材料的相组成,用发射光谱、初始亮度和余辉时间对材料的发光性能进行表征,用热释光技术测定材料的陷阱深度.结果表明:Ca/Sr不仅能影响材料的发射光谱,而且还影响材料的初始亮度和余辉时间,随Ca/Sr(x值)增大,该类材料的发射光谱红移,余辉时间逐渐变短,而初始亮度值先变大后变小,陷阱深度逐渐变浅;当Ca/Sr为1时,材料的发光性能最好,这和材料具有合适深度的陷阱(0.5908 ev)有关.     

Preparation, molecular structure, and thermal analyses of a novel coordination compound [Cd(AZT)4(H2O)2](PA)2 · 4H2O (AZT = 3-azido-1,2,4-triazole, PA = picrate)

Abstract  The crystal structure of 3-azido-1,2,4-triazole (AZT) has been determined. A novel coordination compound [Cd(AZT)₄(H₂O)₂](PA)₂ · 4H₂O has been synthesized by using 3-azido-1,2,4-triazole as ligand, and its structure has been characterized by using X-ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Each cadmium (II) center is coordinated with four N atoms of four AZT molecules and two O atoms of two H₂O molecules to form a slightly distorted octahedron. The optimized molecular structure and NBO charges of 3-azido-1,2,4-triazole have been obtained from the density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP method employing the 6-311 + G** basis sets. Thermal decomposition mechanism of [Cd(AZT)₄(H₂O)₂](PA)₂ · 4H₂O has been predicted based on DSC, TG-DTG, and FT-IR analyses. The kinetic parameters of the first exothermic process of [Cd(AZT)₄(H₂O)₂](PA)₂ · 4H₂O were studied by applying the Kissinger’s and Ozawa-Doyle’s methods. Index Abstract  A novel coordination compound [Cd(AZT)₄(H₂O)₂](PA)₂ · 4H₂O has been synthesized by using 3-azido-1,2,4-triazole as ligand and its structure has been characterized by using X-ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Each cadmium (II) center is coordinated to form a slightly distorted octahedron. Thermal decomposition mechanism of [Cd(AZT)₄(H₂O)₂](PA)₂ · 4H₂O has been predicted based on DSC, TG-DTG, and FT-IR analyses.      

Synthesis and chemical behavior of the inorganic cryptates (MSb9W21O86)(19−n)− Mn+  Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Sr2+

The synthesis and the chemical behavior of the polyanionic ligand Sb₉W₂₁O₈₆¹⁹⁻ were studied: two types of coordination sites were evidenced and their reactivity discussed with regard to the polytungstic structure.     

Dependence of the Structure and Properties of (M,Cu)Sr2(Ln,Ca)Cu2O8−δ (1212) and (M,Cu)Sr2(Ln,Ce4+)2Cu2O10−δ (1222) Phases on the Cation M

The composition and structure of (M,Cu)(Sr,Ln)₂(Ln,Ca,Sr)Cu₂O_8– phases, where M = B, Al, Cr, Pb, Bi, Ru, or Mo (1212 type), and (M,Cu)(Sr,Ln(₂(Ln,Ce⁴⁺)₂Cu₂O_10– phases, where M = V, Cr, Mn, Ru, or Mo (1222 type), have been determined. The role of the M cation in the formation of the crystal structures and the superconductivity phenomenon was analyzed. The relationship between the type of M cation and structural parameters was discovered.     

Influence of the counteranion on silver(I)–dithioether coordination polymers

In order to rationalize the effect of the size and coordinating ability of counteranions upon the structure of Ag(I)–dithioether coordination polymers, a series of such polymers has been synthesized by the combination of the 1,3-bis(methylthio)propane building block and AgX silver salts (X = ClO₄⁻ (1), BF₄⁻ (2), CF₃SO₃⁻ (3), SbF₆⁻ (4), C₆H₅COO⁻ (5), CF₃COO⁻ (6), CF₃CF₂CF₂COO⁻ (7) and ⁻OOCCF₂CF₂COO⁻ (8)). Except in two cases, all complexes form 1D-coordination polymers.     

Crystal structure of the coordination polymer [Cu2(S-mal)2(bpy)2(H2O)]·2.5H2O

Journal of Structural Chemistry - In the interaction of basic copper carbonate with optically pure malic acid and 4,4′-bipyridine [Cu2(S-mal)2(bpy)2(H2O)]·2.5H2O (1) is obtained. The...     

Complexation of 3-hydroxy-2,2′-iminodisuccinic acid (HIDS) with Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions in aqueous solution

In a search for environmental-friendly metal chelating ligands for industrial applications, the protonation and complex formation equilibria of 3-hydroxy-2,2′-iminodisuccinic acid with Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe³⁺, Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions in aqueous 0.1 mol L^?1 NaCl solution were studied at 25°C by potentiometric titration. The model for complexation and the stability constants of the different complexes were determined for each metal ion using the computer program SUPERQUAD. In all cases, complex formation was dominated by stable ML ^{n ?4} complexes.     

Comment on the possible role of the reaction H+H2O→H2+OH in the radiolysis of water at high temperatures

In a recent paper (Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2005, vol. 74, pp. 210) it was suggested that the anomalous increase of molecular hydrogen radiolysis yields observed in high-temperature water is explained by a high activation energy for the reaction H+H₂O→H₂+OH. In this comment we present thermodynamic arguments to demonstrate that this reaction cannot be as fast as suggested. A best estimate for the rate constant is 2.2×10³ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ at 300 °C. Central to this argument is an estimate of the OH radical hydration free energy vs. temperature, ΔG_hyd(OH)=0.0278t−18.4 kJ/mole (t in °C, equidensity standard states), which is based on analogy with the hydration free energy of water and of hydrogen peroxide.     

Co-cation Conduction in Solid Solutions (K1 – xRbx)4P2O7–M2P2O7(M = Ca,Sr, Cd,Ba): Dependence on the Nature and Concentration of Cations M2+

Solid solutions of the structure -K₄P₂O₇, which have the composition (K_{1 – x} Rb _x )_3.8M_0.1P₂O₇(M = Ca, Sr, Cd, Ba) and (K_{1 – x} Rb _x )_{4 – 2y} Ca _y P₂O₇(y= 0.025–0.20), are synthesized. The solutions' electroconductivity is studied in the temperature range 400–600°C. The concentration dependences of the conductivity and the activation energy for conduction have extremums at x 0.6, which points to the polyalkaline effect. The effect increases with decreasing radius of cation M²⁺and with increasing concentration of calcium cations, which is explained by an increased energy nonequivalence of positions in the cation sublattice accessible to alkali ions.     

Vibrational spectra of double oxalates of the type M(I)2Cu(C2O4)(2)·2H2O (MI=Na+, K+, NH4+)

The infrared and Raman spectra of Na2Cu(C2O4)(2)·2H2O, K2Cu(C2O4)(2)·2H2O and (NH4)2Cu(C2O4)(2)·2H2O were recorded and briefly discussed on the basis of their structural peculiarities and by comparison with the vibrational spectra of other metallic oxalates.     

Dta/TG study of the formation of the (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ superconductor

In order to get insight in some of the yet unanswered questions about the formation process of the (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₀₊ superconducting compound, coupled DTA-TG measurements have been performed in parallel with other techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis. The path leading to the formation of the (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₀₊ compound, starting from coprecipitated oxalates powders was studied. The activation energy of some of the involved transformation processes were determined. Relationships between the differences induced in the DTA traces by various sample nominal compositions and the intergranular magnetic properties of the superconductor will be discussed.     

Spectral, thermal and electrochemical characterization of novel homo-dinuclear complexes [M2(H3DTPA)(H2O)6]Cl2·xH2O (M=Cr2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ or Cu2+)

The title complexes were prepared and characterized employing spectral (FAB-Mass, IR, electronic, (1)H and (13)C NMR), thermal and electrochemical techniques. Analytical and FAB-Mass data suggested a homo-dinuclear stoichiometry. IR and electronic ligand field spectral studies coupled with molecular model computations have indicated a distorted octahedral geometry where the ligand coordinates as a hexadentate dianionic [H(3)DTPA](2-)(H(5)DTPA=diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) moiety. The electrochemical redox properties and the antibacterial activities of the compounds were also investigated.     

Theoretical studies of the reactions of M+ (M = Ta,W, Re) with CS2

Gas-phase CS₂ activation by M⁺ (M = Ta, W, Re) was studied by the B3LYP density functional method.The geometries for reactants, transition states, and products were completely optimized. CS₂ activation mediated by M⁺ (M = Ta, W, Re) were found to be a spin-forbidden process as a result of the crossing among the multistate energetic profiles. On the basis of the Hammond postulate, this was a typical two-state reactivity reaction. Among the different potential energy surfaces, the crossing points had been explored. The spin–orbit coupling (SOC) was also calculated between the electronic states of different multiplicities at the crossing point to estimate the intersystem crossing probability. For CP1, CP2, and CP4, the computed SOC constants were 80.28, 128.65, and 526.77 cm^?1, which obtained by using one-electron spin–orbit Hamiltonian in Gaussian 09.     

Brushite (Ca,M)HPO4, 2H2O doping with bioactive ions (M = Mg2+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ag+): a new path to functional biomaterials?

Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, DCPD (CaHPO₄·2H₂O), brushite, is an important calcium phosphate compound encountered in mineralized tissues and used in medicine, especially in bone cement formulations. However, the use of DCPD as direct implantable biomaterial has not received dedicated attention. In addition, the possibility to dope DCPD with biologically active ions to modulate its performances was not systematically explored. We have investigated in depth the doping of DCPD with Mg²⁺, Sr²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Ag⁺ ions. Clear modifications in terms of chemical composition, particle size, pore distribution, crystal morphology, and affinity for water were pointed out. Then, the samples were cultured with human adipose-derived stem cells to explore cytotoxicity and proliferation. Various behaviors were noticed dependent on the incorporated metal ions. Such DCPD compounds associated with bioactive metal ions, and particularly Ag⁺ and Zn²⁺, appear promising as a new family of reactive materials for use, as such or in combination, in bone-related applications.     

Reply to comment on the possible role of the reaction H+H2O→H2+OH in the radiolysis of water at high temperatures

In reply to “Comment on the possible role of reaction H+H₂O→H₂+OH in the radiolysis of water at high temperatures” (Bartels, 2009 Comment on the possible role of the reaction H+H₂O→H₂+OH in the radiolysis of water at high temperatures. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 78, 191–194) we present an alternative thermodynamic estimation of the reaction rate constant k. Based on the non-symmetric standard state convention we have calculated that the Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG=57.26 kJ mol^?1 and the reaction rate constant k=7.23×10^?5 M^?1 s^?1 at ambient temperature. Re-analysis of the thermodynamic estimation (Bartels, 2009 Comment on the possible role of the reaction H+H₂O→H₂+OH in the radiolysis of water at high temperatures. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 78, 191–194) showed that the upper limit for the rate constant at 573 K is k=1.75×10⁴ M^?1 s^?1 compared to the value predicted by the diffusion-kinetic modelling (3.18±1.25)×10⁴ M^?1 s^?1 (Swiatla-Wojcik, D., Buxton, G.V., 2005. On the possible role of the reaction H+H₂O→H₂+OH in the radiolysis of water at high temperatures. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 74(3–4), 210–219). The presented thermodynamic evaluation of k(573) is based on the assumption that k can be calculated from Δ_rG and the rate constant of the reverse reaction which, as discussed, are both uncertain at high temperatures.     

Thermodynamic studies on the systems M–Te–O (M = Nd,Sm)

The standard Gibbs energies of formation of Nd₂TeO₆ and M₆TeO₁₂ (where M = Nd, Sm) were determined from vapour pressure measurements. The vapour pressure of TeO₂(g) was measured by employing thermogravimetry-based transpiration technique. The temperature dependence of the vapour pressure of TeO₂(g) over the mixtures Nd₂TeO₆+Nd₆TeO₁₂, generated by the incongruent vapourisation reaction, 3Nd₂TeO₆(s) → Nd₆TeO₁₂(s)+2TeO₂(g)+O₂(g), was measured in the temperature range 1,408–1,495 K. Similarly, the vapour pressure of TeO₂(g) over the mixtures M₆TeO₁₂+M₂O₃ (where M = Nd, Sm), generated by the incongruent vapourisation reaction, M₆TeO₁₂(s) → 3M₂O₃(s)+TeO₂(g)+½O₂(g), was measured in the temperature range 1,703–1,773 and 1,633–1,753 K for Nd₆TeO₁₂(s) and Sm₆TeO₁₂(s), respectively. Enthalpy increments of M₂TeO₆(s) (where M = Nd, Sm) were determined by inverse drop calorimetric method in the temperature range 573–1,273 K. The thermodynamic functions, viz., heat capacity, entropy and free energy functions, were derived from the measured values of enthalpy increments. A mean value of ?2,426.2 ± 0.6 and ?2,417.9 ± 1.1 kJ mol^?1 was obtained for $ \Updelta_{\text{f} } H_{298}^{\text{o}} $ (Nd₂TeO₆, s) and $ \Updelta_{\text{f}} H_{298}^{\text{o}} $ (Sm₂TeO₆, s), respectively, by combining the value of $ \Updelta_{\text{f}} G^{\text{o}} $ (Nd₂TeO₆, s) and $ \Updelta_{\text{f}} G^{\text{o}} $ (Sm₂TeO₆, s) derived from vapour pressure data and the free energy functions derived from the drop calorimetric data.     

Transport numbers of H+ and O2- in the electrochemical system (H2 + H2O),Me/BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-α/Me,(H2 + H2O)

In the temperature range 873–1123 K, transport numbers of oxygen ions and protons are determined in the system (H₂ + H₂O), Me/BaCe_0.9Nd_0.1O_3-α/Me,(H₂ + H₂O), where Me = Ag, Au, Pt, Ni, by the emf and current methods. The determined transport numbers are independent of the determination method, the electrode material, the current direction (anodic and cathodic polarization of the electrode), polarizability of electrodes, and the partial water (hydrogen) pressure in the gas phase. This unambiguously suggests that the transport numbers refer to the solid electrolyte, and not the electrochemical system as a whole. It also follows that partial currents of the hydrogen ionization and the oxygen ion discharge are determined by the transport numbers of protons and oxygen ions in the electrolyte. At a constant temperature, their ratio is affected by neither the electrode potential nor the gas phase composition, i.e., both electrode reactions have a common limiting step (or steps). Deceased.