6061-T6铝合金薄板的搅拌摩擦焊接

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)技术对1mm厚6061-T6铝合金薄板进行了对接. 研究了焊接工艺参数的范围,实验测试了焊接接头的强度、硬度和延伸率,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了接头的微观组织. 结果表明:对于1mm厚度6061-T6铝合金,FSW的最优工艺参数为旋转速度1800r·min-1,焊接速度1000mm·min-1;在此参数下,接头的硬度值达到母材的80%左右,抗拉强度达到母材的103%,延伸率达到母材的54%;接头的力学性能与微观结构相符.     

Al-Li合金搅拌摩擦焊技术的研究进展

Al-Li合金因其低密度、高比强度、高比刚度等优点,在航空航天领域得到了广泛的应用。作为新型的固态焊接技术,搅拌摩擦焊（friction stir welding,FSW）技术为Al-Li合金的工业化应用带来了新的发展前景。综述了近年来主要Al-Li合金（包括Al-Li-Cu、Al-Cu-Li、Al-Mg-Li）FSW技术的大致研究进展,总结了FSW工艺参数及后热处理工艺参数对焊接接头显微组织及力学性能的影响规律,并展望了未来的发展方向。     

焊接速度对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的影响

以厚度3 mm的6061-T6铝合金板材搅拌摩擦焊对接接头为研究对象,建立热力耦合有限元模型,准确模拟了焊接过程的温度场分布及演变规律,采用光学显微观察、电子背散射衍射、显微硬度测量以及拉伸试验等表征方法,研究了焊接速度对焊接接头成形特性、显微组织和力学性能的影响机理.结果表明:接头焊核区在焊接过程中经历了完全动态再结晶,形成细小等轴晶;后退侧热影响区经历了动态回复,晶粒显著长大,晶界强化作用弱于焊核区晶粒;当焊接速度为300～800 mm/min时,接头焊缝成形良好,拉伸断裂均在焊缝后退侧热影响区,在焊接过程中受温度(400～480℃)影响显著,析出强化相溶解导致力学性能明显降低,在此焊接速度范围内,随速度的提高,接头强度增加,最高强度系数为80.86％(800 mm/min);当焊接速度进一步增加至1200 mm/min时,接头的焊接成形性变差,焊核区出现未焊合和隧道缺陷,接头拉伸试验时在焊核区发生断裂.     

7075-T6合金超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊接头搅拌区组织与力学性能

搅拌区的金属流动不充分容易导致轴肩影响区与搅拌针影响区之间的过渡区出现疏松缺陷并恶化接头的力学性能.在不同焊接参数条件下,对7075-T6铝合金分别进行常规搅拌摩擦焊接(FSW)和超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊接(UAFSW),研究了超声振动对接头搅拌区的金属流动行为、微观组织特征和力学性能的影响.结果表明:相同焊接参数下,UAFSW接头搅拌区的力学性能均优于FSW接头.焊接参数为1000r/min-110mm/min 的UAFSW接头搅拌区的抗拉强度和延伸率最高,分别达到515MPa和17.3%.在搅拌摩擦焊接过程中施加轴向超声振动可以显著降低搅拌区金属的屈服应力和流变应力,促进塑化金属沿板厚方向的流动.消除搅拌区中过渡区的疏松缺陷,并细化微观组织,是接头力学性能提高的主要原因.     

蠕变时效对2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能与微观组织的影响

为了研究蠕变应力作用下的时效热处理对2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能与微观组织的影响,对蠕变时效与人工时效2种不同热处理工艺板材的搅拌摩擦焊接进行对比实验.研究结果表明:相比于人工时效板材的搅拌摩擦焊(AA+FSW)接头,蠕变时效板材搅拌摩擦焊(CA+FSW)接头的显微硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率均更高;CA+FSW板材...     

7022铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊接区的组织与力学性能

以厚度为10mm的7022铝合金为对象进行搅拌摩擦焊接试验,研究了搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对接头组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:焊接接头具有良好的力学性能,在搅拌头转速为400r/min、焊接速度为100mm/min时,7022铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接头抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达615MPa和533 MPa,均超过了母材;焊接接头的显微硬度略低于母材;断口形貌分析表明,7022铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接件拉伸断裂为韧性断裂.     

2219-T6静轴肩辅助搅拌摩擦焊组织与性能分析

为探究安装外部静止轴肩对搅拌摩擦焊接头成形和力学性能的影响,采用自主研制的外部静止轴肩辅助搅拌摩擦焊(Non-Rotational Shoulder Assisted Friction Stir Welding,NR-SA-FSW)焊具对2219-T6铝合金4 mm厚板材进行对接焊试验,观察焊后接头表面成形情况.采用拉伸和显微硬度试验对焊缝的力学性能进行测试,并与相同焊接参数下的搅拌摩擦焊(Friction Stir Welding,FSW)进行对比分析.使用金相显微镜和场发射扫描电镜对接头焊缝组织进行分析.结果表明,由于静止轴肩的平动刮擦作用,NRSA-FSW相比FSW,接头表面更加光滑,无鱼鳞纹、飞边以及接头减薄现象.NRSA-FSW接头相比于FSW接头软化区有所增加,接头显微硬度分布更加均匀.NRSA-FSW接头平均抗拉强度323 MPa,达到母材的72％,抗拉强度同FSW相近.NRSA-FSW焊核呈"U"状,焊缝组织无缺陷.接头拉伸试验在焊核区(Nuggest-Zone,NZ)处断裂,为韧性断裂.     

新型热处理工艺对搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的影响

为了抑制焊后热处理过程中搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)接头晶粒异常长大(AGG)现象的发生、保证接头的强韧性,提出固溶-变形-时效一体化的新型焊后热处理工艺。该工艺以2024-O铝合金FSW接头为研究对象,在450℃保温40min后水淬至室温,然后冷拉伸变形,并于190℃人工时效处理。经光学显微镜观察发现,450℃固溶处理能够显著抑制接头AGG现象的发生。固溶后冷变形结合后续人工时效处理工艺,接头力学性能明显改善,接头显微硬度和强度随着冷变形量的增加而不断提高,当变形量为10%时,接头的硬度和强度值达到最大。由于接头没有发生AGG,焊缝细小的等轴晶和析出相使得新型焊后热处理FSW接头的强度、硬度和塑性均高于传统固溶时效热处理接头。     

2519厚板搅拌摩擦焊接工艺及组织分析

采用搅拌摩擦焊接方法对厚度为12mm的2519铝合金板进行焊接试验。实验结果表明：在焊接速度为140mm／min，旋转速度为1800-2200r／min时，随着旋转速度的增加，焊缝强度先增加后减小；在旋转速度为2000r／min时，可以获得较好的焊接接头，抗拉强度达到最大值296MPa，断裂形式为韧性和脆性的混合型断裂。光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子能谱分析结果表明：焊缝中组织的差异及晶界上粗大的富铜析出相是导致焊缝强度低于基材强度的原因；焊缝中的组织差异及晶界富铜析出相的形成是焊缝区温度沿板厚的急剧变化和搅拌力综合作用的结果。     

7050铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的热稳定性

5 mm厚7050铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头在490℃固溶处理1 h,利用光学显微镜观察接头微观组织,研究接头焊核区组织的热稳定性.结果表明:焊核区的热稳定性与焊接参数有关,当以转速200 r/min,焊速20 mm/min的参数焊接后,焊核区组织稳定.而以转速600 r/min,焊速分别40、50 mm/min的参数焊接后,接头焊核区部分晶粒出现异常长大,热-机影响区与焊核区的交界面、焊核区根部是组织不稳定的源头.     

2024铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接工艺及显微组织

对厚度为 6mm的 2 0 2 4铸铝合金板做了搅拌摩擦焊接工艺试验 .通过对焊接件拉伸强度测试 ,以及在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下对焊缝和基体显微组织的观察 ,发现焊缝比基体具有更细小的晶粒组织 ,粗大的θ(CuAl2 )相被破碎 ,且有害杂质相容易在晶界上析出 .试验结果表明 ,焊接速度为 30mm/min和焊接头旋转速度为 10 0 0r/min时 ,可以获得良好的焊接质量 .图 5 ,表 2 ,参 6     

铝合金水冷电机外壳的搅拌摩擦焊工艺流程

电机在提供动力的同时会产生大量的热量;一般采用铝合金水冷电机外壳为电机降温来保证其使用寿命。铝合金水冷电机外壳采用焊接的方式来保证其水道的密封性。与传统的熔化焊相比,搅拌摩擦焊方法以及合理的焊接工艺能够有效地减少焊接缺陷、降低热输入、提高产品的一次合格率。搅拌摩擦焊工艺过程可在此类铝合金产品中推广应用,为此类产品在后续新能源领域的发展提供坚实的基础。     

紫铜的搅拌摩擦焊工艺与接头性能分析

搅拌摩擦焊是一种新型固相塑性连接方法,它的出现为铜的焊接提供了一种新的工艺.对紫铜的搅拌摩擦焊工艺进行了研究,通过工艺试验,对其焊缝成形、接头组织形态及其力学性能进行了分析.研究结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊接紫铜时应选用搅拌头旋转速度在400~700 r/min,焊接速度为35~60 mm/min;从显微组织角度,由于接头主要发生了动态再结晶,焊接接头没有热力影响区,而是三个区,即焊核区、热影响区、母材区.研究还发现用搅拌摩擦焊得到的铜接头出现了明显的软化现象,接头的机械性能比母材低,但比熔化焊得到的接头性能要高,其平均抗拉强度可达到母材的80%.     

搅拌摩擦焊机控制器的研制

搅拌摩擦焊机控制器的研制是研究FSW技术的关键之一.针对不同材料、不同规格工件时,必须使用不同的规范进行焊接,并且能在一定范围内调节摩擦功率,这也是该焊机所必须具备的性能.论述了以电流限值作为力矩自适应调节的方法,以变频调速技术为基础的主轴转速调节手段,从而保证了摩擦头在较大转速范围内改变且运行稳定,满足了不同板厚时的热量需求.同时利用MCGS软件实现了对焊接参数的控制、读取和显示.实际运行表明,该焊机控制器完全满足了设计要求.     

Friction stir welding of pure magnesium and polypropylene in a lap-joint configuration:Microstructure and mechanical properties

A hybrid joint with a satisfactory mixture of pure magnesium and polypropylene(PP)was achieved via friction stir joining(FSW)in a lap-joint configuration.The tool rotational and travel speeds used in this work were 500–700 r/min and 50–100 mm/min,respectively.The mechanical properties and microstructural analysis of the resultant hybrid Mg/PP joint were examined.The results show that the maximum tensile shear strength(22.5 MPa)of the joint was attained at 700 r/min and 75 mm/min due to the optimum percentage fraction of mechanical interlocking(48%)and the presence of magnesium oxide.The interfacial joint center exhibits the maximum microhardness values because of the presence of refined and intertwined Mg fragments and density dislocations in the matrix of the PP.The joint failed via two different modes:interfacial line and weld zone fractures,respectively.     

Effects of different friction stir welding conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper plates

Friction stir welding is a new and innovative welding method used to fuse materials. In this welding method, the heat generated by friction and plastic flow causes significant changes in the microstructure of the material, which leads to local changes in the mechanical properties of the weld. In this study, the effects of various welding parameters such as the rotational and traverse speeds of the tool on the microstructural and mechanical properties of copper plates were investigated; additionally, Charpy tests were performed on copper plates for the first time. Also, the effect of the number of welding passes on the aforementioned properties has not been investigated in previous studies. The results indicated that better welds with superior properties are produced when less heat is transferred to the workpiece during the welding process. It was also found that although the properties of the stir zone improved with an increasing number of weld passes, the properties of its weakest zone, the heat-affected zone, deteriorated.     

摩擦焊接中热处理工艺的研究

针对摩擦焊接后融合区韧性差的缺陷,采取5种热处理工艺对试件进行金相组织观察及机械性能试验,试验结果表明焊后正火再调质热处理工艺更能提高摩擦焊区的综合力学性能,平均抗拉强度为691 MPa,平均延伸率为18.6%,平均冲击值为40 J/cm2.     

Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AA6061-T6 joints produced by friction stir welding,friction stir vibration welding and tungsten inert gas welding: A comparative study

This study compared the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AA6061-T6 joints produced using friction stir welding(FSW), friction stir vibration welding(FSVW), and tungsten inert gas welding(TIG). FSVW is a modified version of FSW wherein the joining specimens are vibrated normal to the welding line during FSW. The results indicated that the weld region grains for FSVW and FSW were equiaxed and were smaller than the grains for TIG. In addition, the weld region grains for FSVW were finer compared with those for FSW.Results also showed that the strength, hardness, and toughness values of the joints produced by FSVW were higher than those of the other joints produced by FSW and TIG. The vibration during FSW enhanced dynamic recrystallization, which led to the development of finer grains.The weld efficiency of FSVW was approximately 81%, whereas those of FSW and TIG were approximately 74% and 67%, respectively.     

搅拌摩擦焊、搅拌振动摩擦焊和钨极惰性气体焊接AA6061-T6接头的组织和力学特性对比研究

This study compared the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AA6061-T6 joints produced using friction stir welding (FSW), friction stir vibration welding (FSVW), and tungsten inert gas welding (TIG). FSVW is a modified version of FSW wherein the joining specimens are vibrated normal to the welding line during FSW. The results indicated that the weld region grains for FSVW and FSW were equiaxed and were smaller than the grains for TIG. In addition, the weld region grains for FSVW were finer compared with those for FSW. Results also showed that the strength, hardness, and toughness values of the joints produced by FSVW were higher than those of the other joints produced by FSW and TIG. The vibration during FSW enhanced dynamic recrystallization, which led to the development of finer grains. The weld efficiency of FSVW was approximately 81%, whereas those of FSW and TIG were approximately 74% and 67%, respectively.