顶空气相色谱法测定茶多酚工业废水中的三氯甲烷

改用氢火焰离子化检测器和毛细管色谱柱,以医用100 mL输液瓶为气液平衡瓶,采用带锁定气密性注射器,利用顶空气相色谱法对茶多酚工业废水中三氯甲烷含量进行了测定,通过实验得到最佳顶空色谱条件。结果表明,以SPETM-1毛细管色谱柱,FID检测器进行顶空气相色谱测定,标准曲线相关系数为0.9997,RSD为2.73%～5.16%之间,回收率在99.28%～99.98%之间,方法精密度好,准确度高,能满足工业分析要求。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定B-100生物柴油中游离甲醇含量

建立了顶空-气相色谱测定B-100生物柴油中游离甲醇含量的方法.B-100生物柴油样品使用N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶解,90℃下顶空平衡45 min,在HP-INNOWAX色谱柱上进行分离和测定.方法建立了外标法定量的标准曲线,相关系数r大于0.999,样品中甲醇质量分数的检出限为0.005%.对实际样品进行检测,相对标准偏差为4.96%~6.83%(n=6),加标回收率为92.0%~110%.方法操作简单、快速、重复性好,适用于B-100生物柴油中游离甲醇含量的测定.     

顶空气相色谱/质谱法测定卷烟烟丝吸附的甲苯

建立了顶空气相色谱/质谱(HS-GC/MS)法测定卷烟烟丝吸附的甲苯。考察了色谱柱升温程序、顶空平衡温度、顶空平衡时间、传输线温度及样品环温度、样品加入量、基质校正剂加入量对分析结果的影响,确定的最优分析条件为:顶空平衡温度140℃,顶空平衡时间45min,样品环温度190℃,传输线温度210℃,样品加入量为1.0g,不添加基质校正剂。结果表明,方法相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.76%,检出限为0.013μg/g,定量限为0.043μg/g。该方法简便、快速、重现性好,可用于卷烟烟丝吸附的甲苯的测定。     

顶空进样气相色谱法检测啤酒中乙醛

建立了项空自动进样气相色谱法测定啤酒发酵液中乙醛含量的方法.检测条件优化为:顶空进样器平衡温度70℃,平衡时间30 min;色谱柱初始温度40℃,经程序升温10℃/min到180℃;柱流量1.2 mL/min,加盐量1.8g.对不同浓度的乙醛标准溶液进样测定,标准曲线证明线性良好,R2为0.999,线性范围2～64 m...     

顶空气相色谱法测定富氢水中的氢气

建立顶空气相色谱法测定富氢水中氢气的方法。采用顶空的方式将水中的微量氢气转移到气相中,通过分子筛色谱柱分离,用热导检测器测定。分析条件如下:分流比为5∶1,气液体积比为1.2∶1,平衡温度为40℃,平衡时间为15 min。水中氢气的质量浓度在0.080~1.603 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积成良好线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999,方法检出限为0.005 mg/L。样品加标回收率为91.03%~94.25%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.61%~2.32%(n=6)。该法可用于富氢水中氢气的测定。     

顶空气相色谱法测定树脂工艺品中残留卤代烃

建立了树脂工艺品中8种残留卤代烃的顶空气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(HS-GC-ECD)检测方法。对前处理方式、顶空及色谱条件进行了研究。结果表明在顶空温度130℃、平衡时间60 min、基体采用空白树脂工艺品的顶空条件下,检测树脂工艺品中的卤代烃可获得良好的定量结果。所建方法的定量限在0.001～0.2μg/g之间,回收率在90%～120%之间,相对标准偏差为1.3%～3.9%。     

顶空气相色谱法测定食用植物油中苯、甲苯和二甲苯

建立顶空气相色谱法测定食用植物油中苯、甲苯和二甲苯的残留量的分析方法。样品采用自动顶空进样技术，经TG-624型毛细管色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm,1.4μm）分离后，用氢火焰离子化检测器检测。采取分流进样，分流比为25∶1；色谱柱程序升温，初温温度为40℃，保持1 min，以10℃/min升温至100℃，保持1 min，再以40℃/min升温至250℃，保持1 min；顶空平衡时间为30 min，顶空平衡温度为70℃。苯、甲苯和二甲苯的标准曲线相关系数为0.998～0.999 5，方法检出限为0.07～0.18 mg/kg，回收率为90.4%～104%，相对标准偏差为1.5%～4.2%(n=7)。该方法能够满足食用植物油中苯、甲苯和二甲苯的残留量检测。     

顶空气相色谱-质谱法测定涂料中的5种挥发性有机物

建立了涂料中5种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的顶空气相色谱-质谱(HS/GC-MS)分析方法.对溶剂、平衡温度、平衡时间、GC-MS的分离检测等实验条件进行了优化.涂料样品经N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)-水(1 :1,体积比)溶解分散,经90 ℃、90 min静态顶空后,通过DB-VRX色谱柱分离和质谱检测,外标法定量....     

顶空气相色谱法测定羧甲基壳聚糖中氯乙酸残留量

采用顶空气相色谱法间接测定了羧甲基壳聚糖中氯乙酸的残留量。样品(0.2g)于顶空瓶中超声溶解在水3mL中,加入甲醇2.5mL,硫酸1.5mL,在70℃水浴反应40min使之酯化。按顶空条件进样,用HP-INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器测定。分别选择15min和85℃作为样品在顶空瓶中的平衡时间和平衡温度。氯乙酸的质量在0.2～20mg范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为5.6mg·L-1。方法用于实样中氯乙酸的测定,用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在90.0%～92.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.7%～0.9%之间。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定醋氯芬酸中的残留溶剂

建立了采用顶空-气相色谱法(HS-GC)测定醋氯芬酸中残留溶剂的方法.试验条件:以DB-624(30 m×0.32 mm,1.8μm)为色谱柱,使用氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),柱温为程序升温,顶空平衡温度80℃,平衡时间30 min.结果表明,异丁烯、甲醇、乙酸甲酯和叔丁醇可有效分离,检测限分别为0.013、0.72...     

Total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis with chemical microchip

A chemical microchip, which has a flat region on the surface, was recently designed for total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis. A sample solution was introduced from an inlet by a microsyringe and flowed into a microchannel. Finally it overflowed from the well-type microchannel on the flat region. The sample solution on this region was dried, and then measured by TXRF. The TXRF spectra could be measured with a low background level. This preliminary result indicated that the edge of the well-type channel would not cause a serious problem for TXRF analysis. In addition, a good linear relationship was obtained for Zn Kα in Zn standard solution. This suggests that quantitative analysis by TXRF is feasible in combination with a chemical microchip.     

Adsorption and Thermogravimetric Methods for Monitoring Surface and Structural Changes in Ordered Mesoporous Silicas Induced by their Chemical Modification

The current work demonstrates that the standard adsorption analysis has a limited applicability for characterization of chemically modified porous silicas. Since low-pressure nitrogen adsorption isotherms are sensitive to the surface changes caused by chemical modification of silicas, these isotherms were successfully used to evaluate their surface heterogeneity during different stages of modification. The surface analysis was accomplished by using adsorption energy distributions and high-resolution comparative plots.     

化学测量仪器检定/校准有关问题的探讨

介绍了化学测量仪器的分类、特点、检定/校准的必要性及化学计量检定/校准的现状,分析了化学计量标准的特点,探讨了化学计量最高标准的划定和考核的有关问题。     

Determination of trace elements in various materials by activation analysis

Recent works on the trace analysis of various materials by activation analysis are summarized. INAA and IPAA are applied for the multielement determination of various standard reference materials and electronic materials. As an example, the analytical results of pepperbush and fluoride glass are shown. In activation analysis using chemical separation, the destructive neutron activation analysis coupled with isotope addition technique is presented and applied to the determination of trace impurities in indium phosphide. Selective substoichiometry and substoichiometric separagtions of some elements are also introduced.     

Molecular beams and chemical dynamics at surfaces

The use of molecular beams to study chemical dynamics at surfaces is outlined. The techniques is briefly introduced and its applications are given in a few areas. Scattering experiments give detailed information about the first steps toward a chemical reaction at a surface. Beams with enhanced population of specific quantum states make an even more detailed analysis possible. Adsorption at surfaces can be studied very well using beam methods, especially in the case of activated processes. Beams can be used to grow novel structures. Beams allow the study of chemical reactions at surfaces, and in particular those where product are directly ejected into the gas phase, or where reactions take place upon impact. Finally the study of liquid surfaces is briefly introduced.     

Hydrazine reagents as derivatizing agents in environmental analysis--a critical review

Hydrazine reagents are a well-known group of derivatizing agents for the determination of aldehydes and ketones in liquid and gaseous samples. Within this article, the most important hydrazine reagents are critically summarized, and their major applications in different fields, including environmental analysis, food chemistry and industrial analysis are introduced. As 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) is the basic reagent for several international standard procedures, its properties are discussed in detail. Particular focus is directed on the chemistry of the hydrazine reagents, and chemical interferences are considered. Recent methods for the determination of various oxidants using hydrazine reagents are presented as well. Due to limited space, this review does not cover the related field of carbohydrate analysis, although many chemical aspects are similar.     

Hydrazine reagents as derivatizing agents in environmental analysis – a critical review

Hydrazine reagents are a well-known group of derivatizing agents for the determination of aldehydes and ketones in liquid and gaseous samples. Within this article, the most important hydrazine reagents are critically summarized, and their major applications in different fields, including environmental analysis, food chemistry and industrial analysis are introduced. As 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) is the basic reagent for several international standard procedures, its properties are discussed in detail. Particular focus is directed on the chemistry of the hydrazine reagents, and chemical interferences are considered. Recent methods for the determination of various oxidants using hydrazine reagents are presented as well. Due to limited space, this review does not cover the related field of carbohydrate analysis, although many chemical aspects are similar.     

On the perfection and application of the ‘scintillation method’ for spectral analysis of disperse substances

The principles of the “scintillation method” of spectral analysis are described. The method is based on the registration of a spectral-line flash intensity and its variation with time while a disperse substance is introduced into an excitation source. A comparative estimate of the precision of this type of analysis is given and results are presented of the determination of gold in standard reference material with a chemical composition of ores and rocks. The possibilities and application of the method to the analysis of disperse substances are considered.     

Chemical modification of polymer surfaces: a review

The main approaches that have been taken to chemically modify polymer surfaces are introduced and reviewed. These are wet chemical oxidation, plasma treatment, classical organic chemistry, and attachment of polymer chains. The extent to which each of these approaches can produce the specific modifications desired is discussed, and any unwanted effects that commonly occur are cited. Finally, the need for using several methods of surface analysis in concert to obtain adequate surface characterization is described.     

分析测试不确定度的评定与表示(Ⅰ)

就“不确定度”概念的来历和意义;基本术语;误差与不确定度;化学分析测量不确定度的来源;不确定度的评定;标准物质的不确定度;不确定度的评定实例等7个方面概述分析测试不确定度的评定与表示,介绍不确定度的基本知识与应用。