一种解决集装箱港口拖车调度的混合策略

集装箱码头作为集装箱船舶与其它运输节点之间的枢纽,在不断增长的全球贸易中起着极其重要的作用.由于多种因素影响着集装箱码头的服务效率,从而使其成为了商界和学术界研究的热点.本文针对集装箱码头中的拖车调度问题,对于当某辆拖车完成一项作业任务后,如何去寻找下一个装卸任务的问题,提出了一个多因素的在线调度策略,该策略在针对我国大多数港口的现有布局和信息现状的基础上,综合考虑了拖车空驶和距离平衡多种因素,建立了综合评价函数,并应用评价搜索和离散事件仿真方法对评价函数进行了优化计算.在相关理论分析基础上,通过比较本文的调度策略和港口传统调度策略,我们认为本文的调度策略在缩短船舶停留时间和减少拖车空驶上具有十分明显的效果.     

Modelling and Optimal Receding-horizon Control of Maritime Container Terminals

The main objective of this paper consists in modelling, optimizing, and controlling container transfer operations inside intermodal terminals. More specifically, maritime container terminals are here considered, involving three kinds of transportation modes, i.e., maritime, rail, and road transport. Generally speaking, an intermodal port terminal can be seen as a system of container flows with two interfaces, towards the hinterland and towards the sea, respectively. Moreover, inside a terminal, unloading operations of inbound containers, container storage, and loading operations of outbound containers are carried out. A simple model for maritime container terminals is proposed in this paper. In the model, a system of queues represents the standing of containers and their movements inside the terminal. The dynamic evolutions of these queues are described by discrete-time equations, where the state variables represent the queue lengths and the control variables take into account the utilization of terminal resources such as load/unload handling rates. On the basis of the proposed model, an optimization problem is defined that consists in minimizing the transfer delays of containers in the terminal. The problem is stated as an optimal control problem whose solution is sought by adopting a receding-horizon strategy.      

集装箱码头泊位计划的鲁棒优化模型

针对集装箱码头作业中的不确定性因素,构建泊位计划的鲁棒优化模型与算法,目的是降低不确定性因素对集装箱码头作业系统的影响。首先,提出泊位计划鲁棒性度量指标,利用算例对各指标的效果进行分析。在此基础上,设计泊位计划鲁棒优化的两阶段优化算法。算法的第一阶段不考虑泊位计划的鲁棒性,以船舶总延误时间最小为目标;算法的第二阶段以所选择的鲁棒性指标最大为目标,以第一阶段获得的船舶总延误时间为约束条件,获得鲁棒调度方案。最后,研究作业资源(装卸桥数量)的变化对泊位计划鲁棒性的影响。算例分析表明,权重松弛量是有效的度量泊位计划鲁棒性的指标,两阶段算法可以有效解决泊位计划鲁棒优化问题。     

考虑AGV作业行为的自动化集装箱码头水平运输优化

针对自动化集装箱码头水平作业的AGV调度问题(AGVSP),在解决整体作业优化的同时,考虑AGV作业行为对作业效率及能耗的影响,建立以AGV作业效率以及能源消耗作为双目标的双层规划模型。该模型考虑了独立装卸与同步装卸两种模式下的AGV水平运输的特点。在此基础上,设计了对应的双层遗传算法进行求解。并通过数值实验,对模型在考虑行为与不考虑行为,独立作业与同步装卸作业模式下的作业效果进行验证比较。结果表明:本模型在不影响作业效率的前提下,可有效降低AGV的作业能耗。     

A Note on the Laboratory Simulation of Planetary Flows

The depth-averaged equations used frequently as a model for large scale motions in the ocean are shown to be the exact theory for quasi-geostrophic flows in special laboratory configurations. This analogy permits the simulation of certain planetary phenomena.     

Edge-Directions of Standard Polyhedra with Applications to Network Flows

Recent results show that edge-directions of polyhedra play an important role in (combinatorial) optimization; in particular, a d-dimensional polyhedron with |D| distinct edge-directions has at most O(|D|^d-1) vertices. Here, we obtain a characterization of the directions of edges that are adjacent to a given vertex of a standard polyhedron of the form P = {x : Ax = b, l⩽ x⩽ u, tightening a standard necessary condition which asserts that such directions must be minimal support solutions of the homogenous equation Ax = 0 which are feasible at the given vertex. We specialize the characterization for polyhedra that correspond to network flows, obtaining a graph characterization of circuits which correspond to edge-directions. Applications to partitioning polyhedra are discussed. Research of these authors was supported by a grant from ISF – the Israel Science Foundation, by a VPR grant at the Technion, and by the Fund for the Promotion of Research at the Technion.     

集装箱码头堆场翻箱与外集卡提箱顺序同步优化方法

针对集装箱码头提箱作业过程中,由于外集卡的提箱顺序与目标箱在堆场的堆存位置不匹配导致大量翻箱这一难题,以码头的作业成本和外集卡的延误成本之和最小为目标,建立堆场翻箱与外集卡提箱顺序同步优化模型,优化外集卡的提箱顺序、龙门吊的任务分配以及翻箱方案。设计基于动态规划的启发式算法求解模型,并利用算例对模型与算法的有效性进行了验证。结果表明:与目前码头普遍采用的提箱方式相比,通过调整外集卡提箱顺序并同时优化翻箱方案以及龙门吊的任务分配可以降低堆场翻箱率,减少龙门吊的移动成本,从而节省提箱作业的总成本。     

Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Swirling Flows

In this paper, turbulent swirling flow in circular pipe in the wake behind an axial fan is investigated by URANS and LES using two different CFD codes: SPARC, developed at Institute of Fluid Machinery, at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and OpenFOAM. Results of simulations are compared with experimental results obtained with LDA measurement techniques in that flow field. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Simulation of Multiphase Flows with Strong Shocks and Density Variations

The system of extended Euler type hyperbolic equations is considered to describe a two-phase compressible flow. A numerical scheme for computing multi-component flows is then examined. The numerical approach is based on the mathematical model that considers interfaces between fluids as numerically diffused zones. The hyperbolic problem is tackled using a high resolution HLLC scheme on a fixed Eulerian mesh. The global set of conservative equations (mass, momentum and energy) for each phase is closed with a general two parameters equation of state for each constituent. The performance of various variants of a diffuse interface method is carefully verified against a comprehensive suite of numerical benchmark test cases in one and two space dimensions. The studied benchmark cases are divided into two categories: idealized tests for which exact solutions can be generated and tests for which the equivalent numerical results could be obtained using different approaches. The ability to simulate the Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities, which are generated when a shock wave impacts an interface between two different fluids, is considered as a major challenge for the present numerical techniques. The study presents the effect of density ratio of constituent fluids on the resolution of an interface and the ability to simulate Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities by various variants of diffuse interface methods. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

带激波的一维非定常两相流动的数值模拟

本文将处理带激波的单相气体非定常流动问题的两种高分辨数值方法(随机取样法和二阶GRP有限差分法)推广应用于气固悬浮体(亦称含灰气体)两相情况,计算了含灰气体激波管中两相激波特性、波后流场结构及气固两相流动参数随时间的变化.数值结果表明:这两种方法均能给出带有尖锐间断阵面的两相激波松弛结构.二阶GRP方法在计算精度和机时耗用等方面优于随机取样法.     

Simulation of Incompressible Flows with Coupled FEM/EFG shape functions

A method for the simulation of incompressible flows is described which is able to handle geometrically complex situations, such as those including moving and rotating objects in the flow field. In these situations, standard meshbased methods such as the finite element method (FEM) may fail if a suitable mesh can not be maintained at reasonable cost throughout the simulation. The proposed method introduces the desirable features of meshfree methods in parts of the domain where the mesh generates problems. This is realized by coupling FEM and element-free Galerkin (EFG) shape functions. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

会计数据的网络流分析

学者已证明一个会计主体如一家企业、其复式簿记中一级账户记录的数据组成一个矩阵;继而提出了会计回路概念,并认识到会计回路符合网络的某些规律.提出复式簿记系统的矩阵对应于1个网络,该网络存在着网络流.图论中的最大流最小割定理在该网络中同样有效,可以对之求解最大流最小割.最小割的集合是网络中的"瓶颈",直接影响着总的通过流量.计算出最小割的值,找出它由哪些会计分录组成、关联到哪些会计科目、流量是多少,这正是该会计主体运营中的薄弱环节.这是会计史上第一种整体地、定量地分析会计主体运营状况的数学方法.     

Robust a Simulation for Shallow Flows with Friction on Rough Topography

In this paper, we propose a robust finite volume scheme to numerically solve the shallow water equations on complex rough topography. The major difficulty of this problem is introduced by the stiff friction force term and the wet/dry interface tracking. An analytical integration method is presented for the friction force term to remove the stiffness. In the vicinity of wet/dry interface, the numerical stability can be attained by introducing an empirical parameter, the water depth tolerance, as extensively adopted in literatures. We propose a problem independent formulation for this parameter, which provides a stable scheme and preserves the overall truncation error of $\mathbb{O}$∆$x^3$. The method is applied to solve problems with complex rough topography, coupled with $h$-adaptive mesh techniques to demonstrate its robustness and efficiency.     

Simulation of Separating Flows over a Backward-Facing Step

Simulation results are reported for plane two-dimensional viscous incompressible flow in a channel with an abrupt expansion. The mathematical model is provided by the quasi-hydrodynamic equations in the incompressible fluid approximation. The computations are carried out in a range of Reynolds numbers including both laminar and turbulent flow. As the Reynolds number increases, the solution bifurcates and the steady laminar flow changes to time-dependent flow. The computation results are consistent with known experimental data. Turbulence models were not used for large Reynolds number computations.     

Direct Numerical Simulation of Complex Free Shear Flows: A Transitional Rectangular Jet

The transition of a Mach 0.5 jet issuing from a rectangular nozzle with aspect ratio of 5 and a Reynolds number based on the smaller nozzle dimension of 2000 is simulated by Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). We developed a high‐order simulation method for non‐axisymmetric jet flows solving the three‐dimensional compressible Navier‐Stokes equations. The transition process was triggered using a spatially evolving unstable mode from linear stability analysis at the inflow. A rapid breakup of the initially laminar jet to three‐dimensional small scale turbulence is found.     

Simulation of Mean Curvature Flows on Surfaces of Revolution

Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics - This paper is devoted to the simulation of the mean curvature flow on a surface of revolution. The surface is discretized using the icosahedral...     

An Application of Network Flows to Rearrangement of Series

For each permutation f of the set of positive integers, alltriples s, t, u are determined such that t and u are the lowerand upper limits of the sequence of partial sums of the ‘f-rearrangement’a_f(n) of some real series a_n with sum s.     

Simulation of Jet Flows in Ideal Fluids by Variable Finite Elements

A free-boundary problem involved in computation of the shapeof a jet of an ideal fluid exiting through an orifice is formulatedas finding a stationary point of a certain functional definedon a variable domain. The stationary point of the functionaldiscretized in terms of linear finite elements is then locatednumerically by using the Newton-Raphson procedure. This numericalapproach is much faster than the previous attempts; it can accuratelyreproduce the exact results known for planar jet flows whenthe orifice is an infinite slit; and it can easily be appliedto the computation of axisymmetric jets.     

A Method for Numerical Simulation of Haline Convective Flows in Porous Media as Applied to Geology

Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics - A numerical code for simulating haline convective flows in porous media based on the finite difference method on a staggered nonuniform grid is...