Some Implications for Operational Research in the Area of Inflation as It Affects a Company's Profitability and Liquidity

Journal of the Operational Research Society - The impact of inflation on company liquidity and profitability during 1974 and 1975 is summarised, and implications for operational researchers in the...     

A股上市公司内部人股票买卖行为及获利能力分析

系统地分析了2006年至2011年我国A股市场上市公司的内部人在二级市场的交易行为及其收益预测.结论表明:尽管在我国证券市场中存在针对内部人交易的法律法规,但总体上内部人在交易中仍然表现出良好的时机把握能力.不论是买入还是卖出,均能获得显著的超额收益.内部人交易超额收益的大小受到公司所有权性质、内部人类型等因素的影响.一方面,较于董事、监事等内部人,高管获利能力普遍较强,而其中董事长和总经理的获利能力最强;另一方面,由于我国特殊的公司所有权性质与晋升机制,使得国有上市公司的董事长和总经理利用内部人交易获利的动机小于非国有企业;规模越大的国有上市公司,其董事长和总经理通过内部人交易获取超额收益的程度也越小.     

黄金期货市场有效性与微观特征关系研究

选取2011至2015年日频数据,采用时变状态空间模型、结构方程模型,对上海黄金期货市场有效性与市场深度、市场流动性、噪声交易、投机率和信息非对称关系展开了深入研究。实证结果表明:黄金期货市场有效性渐进趋向弱势有效,于2014年末实现弱式有效。从宏观制度层面分析,平今仓免收手续费和连续交易制度是有效性提升的原因,从微观层面深入分析,市场流动性和市场深度才是提升有效性的根本原因,而信息非对称阻碍了市场有效性的形成,噪声交易和投机率对其无显著影响。市场深度和市场流动性间至相促进,市场有效性对噪声交易与投机率均具有抑制作用,市场深度对噪声交易和信息非对称产生抑制作用,投机率对市场深度和市场流动性存在微弱促进作用。     

银行间债券市场的外部效率:基于商业银行的视角

以参与我国银行间债券市场的商业银行为研究对象,运用面板数据模型检验银行间债券市场的外部效率对于商业银行经营绩效的影响.实证结果表明:我国银行间债券市场的发展对于商业银行的盈利能力和流动性管理水平均有较强的外部正效率,而对于商业银行传统盈利模式和风险管理则具有负面影响.建议商业银行应利用银行间债券市场的外部正效率提高其资产负债管理水平,通过提升自身经营管理水平来降低银行间债券市场外部负效率对自身的影响;此外监管当局还应该降低小型金融机构进入银行间债券市场的门槛,以发挥该市场外部正效率对化解区域金融风险的作用.     

商业银行:效率、市场结构与绩效的关系研究

伴随着银行商业化、金融业开放和市场竞争的加剧,中国商业银行绩效增长呈现出规模加速扩张的新特征,然而2013年中国银行业利润增长却呈现出收敛下降的新特征。本文针对银行业绩效演化的特征,以产业组织的哈佛学派或芝加哥学派假说为基础,选择2001—2012年期间的数据,采用以非参数生产前沿面理论为基础的生产率指数测度方法和基于面板数据的计量模型,对各商业银行绩效水平演化趋势的影响因素及其作用机理进行了研究。结果表明,市场份额对商业银行业绩效的提升并不显著,并不符合哈佛学派的市场势力假说,而资产规模的变化率是银行业绩效的提升的主要影响因素,而对国有银行来说效率对绩效的影响小于资产规模变化率的影响。     

概率约束随机规划的一种近似方法及其它的有效解模式

根据最小风险的投资最优问题，我们给出了一个统一的概率约束随机规划模型。随后我们提出了求解这类概率约束随机规划的一种近似算法，并在一定的条件下证明了算法的收敛性。此外，提出了这种具有概率约束多目标随机规划问题的一种有效解模型。     

Foregone with the Wind: Indirect Payoff Information and its Implications for Choice

Examination of the effect of information concerning foregone payoffs on choice behavior reveals a complex pattern. Depending on the environment, this information can facilitate or impair maximization. Our study of nine experimental tasks suggests that the complex pattern can be summarized with the assumption that initially people tend to be highly sensitive, and sometimes too sensitive, to recent foregone payoffs. However, over time, people can learn to adjust their sensitivity depending on the environment they are facing. The implications of this observation to models of human adaptation and to problems of mechanism design are discussed.We thank Nick Feltovich, Ernan Haruvy, Rosemarie Nagel and Rajiv Sarin for helpful comments and suggestions. This research was initiated while the first author was visiting the Technion in Haifa. We very much appreciate the hospitality of the Minerva Center.     

Efficiency and Henig Efficiency for Vector Equilibrium Problems

We introduce the concept of Henig efficiency for vector equilibrium problems, and extend scalarization results from vector optimization problems to vector equilibrium problems. Using these scalarization results, we discuss the existence of the efficient solutions and the connectedness of the set of Henig efficient solutions to the vector-valued Hartman–Stampacchia variational inequality.     

冲突分析及其在市场决策中的应用

本文通过案例系统介绍冲突分析方法在市场决策中的应用，它给出了应用冲突分析理论解决经济问题的一般方法。     

我国资本市场产出效率与生产函数的实证分析

本文运用数据包络分析对我国资本市场的产出效率进行了考察，运用两阶段的DEA-回归方法建立符合经济学定义的我国资本市场生产函数。在此基础上，对我国资本市场的产出效率作了实证分析。     

Planning and consolidating shipments from a warehouse

A typical warehouse or distribution centre ships material to various customer locations across the country, using various modes of transportation. Each mode has different constraints on size of shipment, different cost structures and different transportation times. Typically, for a given warehouse there are certain customer locations that receive frequent shipments of material. It is often possible, therefore, for the warehouse to consolidate different orders for the same customer location into a single shipment. The transportation mode and the day of shipment must be chosen such that the consolidated shipment meets the size constraints and arrives within an agreed-upon ‘delivery window’. In preparing a warehouse distribution plan, a planner seeks to achieve transportation economies of scale (by consolidating two or more orders into fewer shipments) while levelling the workload on warehouse resources and ensuring that material arrives at a customer location during the acceptable delivery window.The problem of deciding what shipments to make daily can be formulated as a set partitioning problem with side constraints. This paper describes a heuristic solution approach for this problem. Computational experiments using actual warehouse select activity indicate that, for moderate-size problems, the heuristic produces solutions with transportation costs that are within a few percent of optimal. Larger problems found in practice are generally too large to be solved by optimal algorithms; the heuristic easily handles such problems. The heuristic has been integrated into the transportation planning system of a leading distributor of telecommunications products.     

对相关市场条件下贸易竞争的博弈机制及福利效应的研究

在古诺双头模型的框架内分析了市场风险和相关因素对贸易竞争均衡和福利水平的影响.与传统模型不同,假设各国市场具有潜在相关的随机需求,且出口企业具有风险规避的态度,并利用博弈模型研究了市场风险和相关因子对竞争力和成本优势形成的产出效应及定价行为的影响.推论表明国际市场的不确定性和相关性削弱了企业在完全信息条件下参与贸易竞争的动机,而各国的福利水平则取决于企业风险态度、市场风险和相关系数的特定组合.     

Profitability in the car industry: New measures for estimating targets and target directions

In this paper we study the profitability of car manufacturers in relation to industry-wide profitability targets such as industry averages. Specifically we are interested in whether firms adjust their profitability in the direction of these targets, whether it is possible to detect any such change, and, if so, what the precise nature is of these changes.     

基于符号时间序列方法的金融异常波动与市场有效性关系分析

引入符号时间序列分析方法,以收益符号序列修正Shannon熵作为市场有效性的度量,以时变修正Shannon熵描述市场有效性随时间的变化,采用Logit模型分析价格异常波动或暴跌发生的概率与市场有效性之间的关系。将提出的方法应用于沪深两个股票市场的异常波动及暴跌与市场有效性关系的分析中,结果表明市场有效性越弱,发生异常波动或暴跌的概率越大,市场有效性对异常波动的影响比对价格暴跌的影响更显著,深圳市场有效性对异常波动或价格暴跌的影响比上海市场更显著。理论与实证分析都表明所提出的方法是可行的、有效的。     

Separating sets, metric tangent cone and applications for complex algebraic germs

An explanation is given for the initially surprising ubiquity of separating sets in normal complex surface germs. It is shown that they are quite common in higher dimensions too. The relationship between separating sets and the geometry of the metric tangent cone of Bernig and Lytchak is described. Moreover, separating sets are used to show that the inner Lipschitz type need not be constant in a family of normal complex surface germs of constant topology.     

马尔可夫链及其在股市分析中的应用

本文运用马尔可夫链理论预测股票价格分析股市,提出了股价运行周期和投资收益的最大化理论,并建立其随机过程模型,使决策的长期效益趋于最优,通过实例检验,证明了此模型的可行性和实用性.     

A Finite Separating Set for Daigle and Freudenburg's Counterexample to Hilbert's Fourteenth Problem

This article gives the first explicit example of a finite separating set in an invariant ring which is not finitely generated, namely, for Daigle and Freudenburg's 5-dimensional counterexample to Hilbert's Fourteenth Problem.     

证券交易印花税与市场质量——来自中国证券市场的实证分析

在证券市场监管中,证券交易印花税一直被视为一种重要的调节方式,但已有研究对证券交易印花税调整如何导致市场质量的改变并没有一致意见,我国证券市场次近两次印花税调整(一降一升),恰好提供了探讨这个问题的"自然实验"机会。通过事件研究法,发现印花税上调后,市场的流动性减少,市场的波动性增加,市场的价格发现过程延迟,市场质量整体变差;印花税下调后,市场的流动性增加,市场的定价效率提升,市场的波动性却加大,市场质量指标变化呈现不一致性。由于事件研究法存在计量缺陷,进一步使用对比分析和回归分析控制成交量和价格水平等内生变量的影响,证实印花税下调整体改善了市场质量。证券交易印花税与市场质量呈负相关关系,税率上调的影响大于税率下调的影响,降低印花税赋税水平符合市场微观结构的内在要求。