正戊烷选择性氧化用VPO催化剂的合成新方法(英)

研究了 合成 Ｖ Ｐ Ｏ 催化剂 时还 原 溶剂 对 Ｖ Ｐ Ｏ 的结 构及 催 化性 能的 影 响． Ｖ Ｐ Ｏ 的 合 成方法如下 ： （１） Ｖ２ Ｏ５ 与 Ｈ３ Ｐ Ｏ４ 反 应生成磷 酸钒; （２） 用 不同 的还 原溶 剂还 原磷 酸钒 得到 Ｖ Ｐ Ｏ 催化剂前身 ; （３） 活化 Ｖ Ｐ Ｏ 催化 剂前身． 研究 的还原溶 剂有 ： 异 丁醇 、异 丁醇苯甲 醇、异丁 醇石 油醚和正己 醇． 结 果表明, 使用异 丁醇石 油醚 作还 原 溶剂 ,只 能生 成 Ｖ Ｏ Ｈ Ｐ Ｏ４·０５ Ｈ２ Ｏ 晶 体; 使 用其它溶剂 则会生 成 Ｖ Ｏ（ Ｈ２ Ｐ Ｏ４） ２ 和 Ｖ Ｏ Ｈ Ｐ Ｏ４·０５ Ｈ２ Ｏ 两种 晶体,但使 用的溶 剂生 成这 两种 晶体 的相对量大 不相同 ． 经 活 化 后, 不 同 还 原 溶 剂 合 成 的 Ｖ Ｐ Ｏ 只 含（ Ｖ Ｏ）２ Ｐ２ Ｏ７ 晶 相． 在 活 化 过 程 中, Ｖ Ｏ（ Ｈ２ Ｐ Ｏ４） ２ 转变成 无定形化 合物． Ｖ Ｏ Ｈ Ｐ Ｏ４·０５ Ｈ２ Ｏ 晶相 含量较 高的催化 剂前身, 经活 化后 催化剂中（ Ｖ Ｏ）２ Ｐ２ Ｏ７ 晶 相含量相 对较高 ,其催化活 性也相 对较高     

水煤气变换反应的微观动力学分析──Cu基催化剂上H_2S中毒失活原因的 Monte Carlo 模拟研究

用ＢＯＣＭＰ方法及ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ模拟技术，对Ｈ２Ｓ导致Ｃｕ基催化剂失活的原因进行了计算分析。研究结果表明，当原料气中存在Ｈ２Ｓ时，ＷＧＳ反应的活化能明显高于无Ｈ２Ｓ时的活化能，随着表面Ｈ２Ｓ浓度的增大（θ＝０，０．１０，０．２５），反应的活化能也逐渐变大（其大小比为１∶１．３４∶３．３），究其原因可归结为Ｈ２Ｓ的存在使得反应物分子的吸附热减小，从而使Ｈ２Ｏ的解离吸附（ＷＧＳ反应的速控步骤）活化能增大。     

环戊烷选择性氧化用VPO催化剂的合成新方法

研究了ＶＰＯ催化剂时还原溶剂对ＶＰＯ的结构及催化性能的影响,ＶＰＯ的合成方法如下：（１）Ｖ２Ｏ５与Ｈ３ＰＯ４反应生成磷酸钒;（２）用不同的还原溶剂还原磷酸钒得到ＶＰＯ催化剂前身;（３）活化ＶＰＯ催化剂前身,研究的还原溶剂有;异丁醇,异丁醇－苯甲醇,异丁醇－石油醚和正己醇。结果表明,使用异丁醇－石油醚作还原溶剂,只能生成ＶＯＨＰＯ４．０．５Ｈ２Ｏ晶体;使用其它溶剂则会生成ＶＯ（Ｈ２ＰＯ４）２和ＶＯＨ     

水煤气变换反应的微观动力学分析：Cu基催化剂上H2S中毒失活原因 …

用ＢＯＣ－ＭＰ方法及Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ模拟技术，对Ｈ２Ｓ导致Ｃｕ基催化剂失活的原因进行了计算分析。研究结果表明，当原料气中存在Ｈ２Ｓ时，ＷＧＳ反应的活化能明显高于无Ｈ２Ｓ时的活化能，随着表面Ｈ２Ｓ浓度的增大（θ＝０，０．１０，０．２５），反应的活化能也逐渐变大（其大小比为１：１．３４：３．３），究其原因可归结为Ｈ２Ｓ的存在使得反应物分子的吸附热减小，从而使Ｈ２Ｏ的解离吸附（ＷＧＳ反应的速控步骤     

COS对FT合成催化性能的影响

在５２４Ｋ、２．３１ＭＰａ和１８４５ｈ＾－１条件下，考察了合成气（Ｈ２／ＣＯ＝２．１）中ＣＯＳ浓度分别为５１．４、１２８．８、１６２．７和２４５．６ｐｐｍ对Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ－Ｋ工业催化剂ＦＴ合成催化性能的影响。实验表明，催化剂预先中毒比在线中毒速度快。大颗粒催化剂的抗硫能力比小颗粒催化剂强。催化剂ＦＴ合成失活速率与ＣＯＳ浓度有关，即高浓度条件下，催化剂的失活速率快。当温度为５２４Ｋ时，催化剂的失活速率最     

SO_4~（2－）－Fe_2O_3－Hβ－Al_2O_3催化剂制备方法对其表面性质和催化丙烯酸化反应性能的影响

首次以Ｈβ沸石为基础，采用一步浸渍法（Ａ）、机械研磨法（Ｂ）、沉积－沉淀法（Ｃ）及分步浸渍法（Ｄ）制备了ＳＯ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－Ｈβ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂，通过ＸＲＤ，ＸＰＳ，ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ，ＦＴ－ＩＲ及化学吸附等手段对其物理化学性能进行了表征，并对其催化丙烯与异丙醇的酸化反应性能进行了评价．结果表明，在催化剂表面，ＳＯ，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３及Ｈβ沸石之间存在较强的化学作用，Ａ法和Ｃ法制备的催化剂具有明显的增强酸性；总酸量和Ｌ酸量增多，酸强度提高；该催化剂明显促进了丙烯醚化反应，其丙烯和异丙醇转化率分别由Ｈβ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３沸石的７．９８％和３５．１％提高到１４．８％和４０．０％，并发现该反应主要在Ｌ酸中心上进行．     

SDM－1型耐硫催化剂甲烷化反应动力学Ⅱ．宏观动力学模型

本文以工业应用为目的，采用内循环无梯度反应器，在５７３～６７３Ｋ，０．３０～１．２０ＭＰａ的条件下，原料气组成为Ｈ＿２５０～５４％，ＣＯ１１．７～２０．７％，ＣＨ＿４２．１～１４．３％，ＣＯ＿２６．４～１１．５％，Ｎ＿２１２．２～１８．１％范围内，研究了φ５×３ｍｍＳＤＭ－１型城市煤气耐硫甲烷化催化剂的宏观动力学方程。选择ＣＯ＋３Ｈ＿２＝ＣＨ＿４＋Ｈ＿２Ｏ（１）ＣＯ＋Ｈ＿２Ｏ＝ＣＯ＿２＋Ｈ＿２（２）为系统的独立反应，获得了可靠的动力学模型，井讨论了反应条件对甲烷化反应效率因子的影响。     

SO_4~（2－）／ZrO_2超强酸催化剂的XPS研究

用ＸＰＳ技术对不同焙烧温度、不同Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４浓度制得的／ＺｒＯ＿２和不同反应温度下反应后／ＺｒＯ＿２超强酸催化剂的表面元素电子结合能及表面元素的相对含量进行了分析。结果表明，焙烧温度和反应温度对催化剂表面元素Ｚｒ、Ｏ和Ｓ的氧化态没有影响，但Ｚｒ和Ｏ的电子结合能随温度的升高而下降；Ｏ（－２）至少可归结为三种存在形式的氧；可以在催化剂表面富集，且当Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４浓度为０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，表面富集最显著；Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４浓度为１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，催化剂表面和总体含硫量都较高；太低和太高的Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４浓度时，催化剂表面和总体含硫量都很低。当焙烧温度高至８５３Ｋ或反应温度高至６２３Ｋ以后，催化剂表面含硫量迅速下降。此外，还对催化剂表面的Ｂｒｏｎｓｔｅｄ酸中心的存在形式和催化剂的失活进行了探讨。     

KI-醚类催化剂催化二氧化碳和环氧乙烷合成碳酸乙烯酯反应研究

合成了５个含有金属铁的环醚Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）３Ｌ（Ｌ１＝Ｐｈ２Ｐ（ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｏ）２ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＰＰｈ２，Ｌ２＝Ｐｈ２Ｐ（ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｏ）４ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＰＰｈ２，Ｌ３＝ＯＰｈ［（ＯＣＨ２ＣＨ２）ＰＰｈ２］２，Ｌ４＝ＯＰｈ［ＯＣＨ２ＣＨ２）２ＰＰｈ２］２）和［Ｆｅ（ＣＯ３）］２Ｌ５（Ｌ５＝［Ｐｈ２ＰＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＰＰｈ２］２）．对它们进行了元素分析，并用红外光谱和核磁共振谱进行了结构表征．用ＫＩ＋醚类为催化剂，催化二氧化碳与环氧乙烷反应生成碳酸乙烯酯，反应选择性大于９６．９％．催化机理为碱催化，催化剂的活性受醚的影响．能和Ｋ＋形成稳定配合物的醚可提高催化剂的活性．含金属铁的环醚和普通醚类相似，可以和钾离子作用，提高阴离子的亲核催化性能．     

加压条件下MgO/BaCO_3催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联反应性能及失活 Ⅱ.催化剂表面结构对其催化性能的影响

用ＸＰＳ，ＣＯ２－ＴＰＤ及ＣＯ与ＣＨ４的恒温脉冲反应技术，深入研究加压失活ＭｇＯ／ＢａＣＯ３催化剂表面结构变化对其催化性能的影响．结果表明，加压失活催化剂表面活性氧物种Ｏ２－２离子浓度大大降低；表面晶格氧的流动性及晶格氧参与甲烷转化的能力都大大减弱；由于加压失活催化剂表面结构发生变化，ＭｇＯ和ＢａＣＯ３共同作用形成的强碱中心消失．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.