Effect of quartz sand filler on the mechanical and thermophysical properties of alkyd and epoxy coatings

The effect of a filler on the mechanical and thermophysical properties of polymer coatings has been investigated. It is shown that quartz sand particles are centers of structure formation in alkyd and epoxy coatings. It has been found that a denser, oriented, and stressed polymer structure, much exceeding the size of the individual macromolecules, is formed around the filler particles. The size of the spheres around the filler particles depends on the nature of the film-former, on the filler surface, and on the filler content. It is postulated that secondary supermolecular structures, and not individual polymer macromolecules, are adsorbed on the surface of the filler particles.Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 507–510, 1967     

A study of the life of alkyd coatings

The effect of the conditions of formation and aging on the life of alkyd coatings is studied. It is shown that the life of alkyd coatings aged under various conditions can be expressed by the general equation =Ae^–ax The relationship between the life of alkyd coatings and curing temperature is linear. It is observed that the conditions of aging have no effect on the rupture energy or ₀, but cause a substantial change in the distribution of the lines =f(1/T_f). Cross-linkage of alkyd coatings due to the action of heat, light, and moisture, under various conditions of aging, is accompanied by an increase in rupture energy with increase in the internal stresses.Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 68–76, 1965     

Effect of structural changes in amorphous polymer films on the mechanical properties of coatings

The effect of structure formation on the mechanical properties of amorphous paint films has been investigated. It is shown that the organization of the supermolecular formations affects the internal stresses and adhesion of the film and, moreover, their tensile and impact strengths over a broad temperature interval. Fibrillar and "reticulate" structures give the best mechanical properties.State Scientific-Research and Planning Institute of the Paint Industry, Moscow. L. Ya. Karpov Physicochemical Institute, Moscow. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 771–775, September–October, 1968.     

Effect of fillers and solvents on the properties of polystyrene coatings

The mechanism of coating formation from solutions of atactic polystyrene in xylene and carbon tetrachloride has been investigated. It has been established that, as the filler content increases, in coatings formed from polystyrene solutions containing an evaporating solvent the growth of the internal stresses and the thermophysical characteristics is characterized by similarity of slope, as distinct from the case of coatings obtained from systems containing a polymerizing solvent. It is shown that the nature of the solvent has an important effect on the character of the interaction at the polymer—filler interface and on the structure and properties of the coatings.Kucherenko Central Scientific-Research Institute of Structural Design. Institute of Physical Chemistry, AS USSR, Moscow. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 1127–1129, November–December, 1968.     

Effect of prolonged storage on the mechanical properties of polycarbonates

The effect of storage time (two-four years) on the principal mechanical characteristics of domestic polycarbonate and West German Makrolon has been experimentally investigated.Moscow Lomonosov State University. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 6, pp. 1130–1132, November–December, 1970.     

Effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of boron fibers

The effect of exposure to temperatures on the interval 20–600°C for up to 1000 h on the physicomechanical properties of boron fibers at room temperature has been investigated. Prolonged exposure to temperatures up to 200°C does not have much effect on the mechanical characteristics of the fibers, whereas heating for one hour at 300–350°C increases the strength of the fibers by 10–12%.All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials, Moscow. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 2, pp. 329–332, March–April, 1971.     

Effect of structure on the mechanical properties of block copolymers

Experimental data are given on the transitions in three block types in styrene-butadiene copolymers; these transitions were obtained by the dynamic-mechanical method on a torsional pendulum in the –180° to +170° temperature range. Based on these data, kinetic aspects have been advanced on the nature of the transitions based on the formation and decomposition of supramolecular structures of varying type and dimensions.Voronezh Technological Institute. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 5, pp. 774–779, September–October, 1972.     

Effect of cellular structure on the mechanical properties of plastic foams

A generalized equation for the compressive stress-strain diagrams of plastic foams is derived on the basis of a 14-faced model of the cell. The results obtained make it possible to predict the polymer base and type of cellular structure required to obtain a foam with predetermined mechanical properties in compression. The calculated values are shown to be in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.Vladimir Scientific-Research Institute of Synthetic Resins. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 4, pp. 594–602, July–August, 1970.     

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on mechanical properties of plastics

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the elastic and strength properties of plastics is investigated. Hydrostatic pressure is found to raise the modulus of elasticity, the tensile strength, and the elastic limit. Approximate equations for calculating the strength and elastic properties under various amounts of hydrostatic presure are proposed.Mekhanika polimerov, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 65–75, 1965     

Effect of gamma radiation on the mechanical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride

The variation of the strength and relative elongation at break with radiation dose has been investigated for unoriented block specimens of PVF₂ and for oriented specimens with different crystalline structure ( and ). A certain difference is observed in the behavior of the irradiated oriented specimens and an important difference in the behavior of oriented and unoriented specimens of PVF₂ with the same crystalline structure (). On the basis of the data obtained and the results of a study of the crystalline and supermolecular structure of the irradiated PVF₂ specimens it is concluded that there is a difference in the state of the amorphous regions in the oriented and unoriented PVF₂.Moscow. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 1, pp. 146–149, January–February, 1973.     

Effect of extended storage on the mechanical properties of reinforced plastics

The effect of storage time (6–10 years) on the mechanical properties of KAST-V glass laminate, textolite, and SVAM glass-reinforced plastic has been experimentally investigated.Moscow Lomonosov State University. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 3, pp. 556–558, May–June, 1969.     

Effect of crystallization on the mechanical properties of cellulose triacetate and acetosorbates

The results of an x-ray investigation of the crystallization of cellulose triacetate and acetosorbates with different degrees of esterification (from _c=3 to _c=12) are described. It is shown that the triacetate and the acetosorbates crystallize in the same way. In the amorphous state the strength of the acetosorbates is lower than that of the triacetate, but the former will withstand a greater number of double flexes. The modulus of elasticity decreases as _c increases. Crystallization has almost no effect on the strength of the cellulose triacetate and acetosorbates, but the elongation falls with increase in _c. The number of double flexes and the high-temperature modulus of elasticity sharply increase.Scientific-Research Institute of the Chemistry and Technology of Cotton Cellulose. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 783–786, September–October, 1968.     

Effect of annealing temperature on the mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate fiber

The mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate fibers stretched at 45 and 110° C have been investigated in relation to annealing temperature. It is shown that for fibers with the maximum degree of stretch the annealing temperature has no effect on mechanical strength. Reduction in the stretch of the fibers leads to an increase in strength upon annealing, and this may be associated with densification of the amorphous zones due to the formation of a large number of intermolecular bonds between the links of the polymer chains.Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 503–506, 1967     

Effect of external pressure on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of polymers

The behavior of crystalline polymers obtained by molding at high pressures has been investigated. External pressure can promote or retard polymer crystallization processes, depending on its intensity. Comparison of various physicochemical and mechanical properties of specimens obtained at different external pressures shows that the corresponding curves have two maxima: one at 200–800 kgf/cm² and another on the narrower interval between 1300 and 1500 kgf/cm². The position of the first maximum is associated with the molecular weight distribution and the flexibility of the polymer chain, and position of the second is determined by the chemical nature of the polymer. The data obtained help to make possible a rational choice of polymer processing methods in which pressure is involved.Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 200–204, 1968