A four-wing chaotic attractor generated from a new 3-D quadratic autonomous system

This paper introduces a new 3-D quadratic autonomous system, which can generate two coexisting single-wing chaotic attractors and a pair of diagonal double-wing chaotic attractors. More importantly, the system can generate a four-wing chaotic attractor with very complicated topological structures over a large range of parameters. Some basic dynamical behaviors and the compound structure of the new 3-D system are investigated. Detailed bifurcation analysis illustrates the evolution processes of the system among two coexisting sinks, two coexisting periodic orbits, two coexisting single-wing chaotic attractors, major and minor diagonal double-wing chaotic attractors, and a four-wing chaotic attractor. Poincaré-map analysis shows that the system has extremely rich dynamics. The physical existence of the four-wing chaotic attractor is verified by an electronic circuit. Finally, spectral analysis shows that the system has an extremely broad frequency bandwidth, which is very desirable for engineering applications such as secure communications.     

Bifurcations and chaos of a discrete mathematical model for respiratory process in bacterial culture

The discrete mathematical model for the respiratory process in bacterial culture obtained by Euler method is investigated. The conditions of existence for flip bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation are derived by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory, condition of existence of chaos in the sense of Marotto＇s definition of chaos is proved. The bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents and phase portraits are given for different parameters of the model, and the fractal dimension of chaotic attractor was also calculated. The numerical simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis and also display the new and complex dynamical behaviors compared with the continuous model. In particular~ we found that the new chaotic attractor, and new types of two or four coexisting chaotic attractors, and two coexisting invariant torus.     

Categories of chaos and fractal basin boundaries in forced predator–prey models

Biological communities are affected by perturbations that frequently occur in a more-or-less periodic fashion. In this communication we use the circle map to summarize the dynamics of one such community – the periodically forced Lotka–Volterra predator–prey system. As might be expected, we show that the latter system generates a classic devil's staircase and Arnold tongues, similar to that found from a qualitative analysis of the circle map. The circle map has other subtle features that make it useful for explaining the two qualitatively distinct forms of chaos recently noted in numerical studies of the forced Lotka–Volterra system. In the regions of overlapping tongues, coexisting attractors may be found in the Lotka–Volterra system, including at least one example of three alternative attractors, the separatrices of which are fractal and, in one specific case, Wada. The analysis is extended to a periodically forced tritrophic foodweb model that is chaotic. Interestingly, mode-locking Arnold tongue structures are observed in the model’s phase dynamics even though the foodweb equations are chaotic.     

Noise-induced basin hopping in a gearbox model

We investigate some dynamical effects of adding a certain amount of noise in a theoretical model for rattling in single-stage gearbox systems with a backlash, consisting of two wheels with a sinusoidal driving. The parameter intervals we are dealing with show an extremely involved attraction basin structure in phase space. One of the observable effects of noise is basin hopping, or the switching between basins of different attractors. We characterize this effect and its relation to the presence of chaotic transients.     

Noise-induced basin hopping in a gearbox model

We investigate some dynamical effects of adding a certain amount of noise in a theoretical model for rattling in single-stage gearbox systems with a backlash, consisting of two wheels with a sinusoidal driving. The parameter intervals we are dealing with show an extremely involved attraction basin structure in phase space. One of the observable effects of noise is basin hopping, or the switching between basins of different attractors. We characterize this effect and its relation to the presence of chaotic transients.     

A new butterfly-shaped attractor of Lorenz-like system

In this letter a new butterfly-shaped chaotic attractor is reported. Some basic dynamical properties, such as Poincare mapping, Lyapunov exponents, fractal dimension, continuous spectrum and chaotic dynamical behaviors of the new chaotic system are studied. Furthermore, we clarify that the chaotic attractors of the system is a compound structure obtained by merging together two simple attractors through a mirror operation.     

Chaotic behavior in a new fractional-order love triangle system with competition

In the present work, we first modify the Sprott's nonlinear love triangle model by introducing the competition term and find that the new system also exhibits chaotic behavior. Then, to make the model more realistic, we go further to construct its corresponding fractional-order system and get the necessary condition for the existence of chaotic attractors. Finally, based on an improved version of Adams Bashforth Moulton numerical algorithm, we validate the chaotic attractors of this new fractional-order love triangle system by computer simulations.     

Stochastic resonance induced by novel random transitions of motion of FitzHugh–Nagumo neuron model

In contrast to the previous studies which have dealt with stochastic resonance induced by random transitions of system motion between two coexisting limit cycle attractors in the FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) neuron model after Hopf bifurcation and which have dealt with the phenomenon of stochastic resonance induced by external noise when the model with periodic input has only one attractor before Hopf bifurcation, in this paper we have focused our attention on stochastic resonance (SR) induced by a novel transition behavior, the transitions of motion of the model among one attractor on the left side of bifurcation point and two attractors on the right side of bifurcation point under the perturbation of noise. The results of research show: since one bifurcation of transition from one to two limit cycle attractors and the other bifurcation of transition from two to one limit cycle attractors occur in turn besides Hopf bifurcation, the novel transitions of motion of the model occur when bifurcation parameter is perturbed by weak internal noise; the bifurcation point of the model may stochastically slightly shift to the left or right when FHN neuron model is perturbed by external Gaussian distributed white noise, and then the novel transitions of system motion also occur under the perturbation of external noise; the novel transitions could induce SR alone, and when the novel transitions of motion of the model and the traditional transitions between two coexisting limit cycle attractors after bifurcation occur in the same process the SR also may occur with complicated behaviors types; the mechanism of SR induced by external noise when FHN neuron model with periodic input has only one attractor before Hopf bifurcation is related to this kind of novel transition mentioned above.     

Richness of chaotic dynamics in nonholonomic models of a celtic stone

We study the regular and chaotic dynamics of two nonholonomic models of a Celtic stone. We show that in the first model (the so-called BM-model of a Celtic stone) the chaotic dynamics arises sharply, during a subcritical period doubling bifurcation of a stable limit cycle, and undergoes certain stages of development under the change of a parameter including the appearance of spiral (Shilnikov-like) strange attractors and mixed dynamics. For the second model, we prove (numerically) the existence of Lorenz-like attractors (we call them discrete Lorenz attractors) and trace both scenarios of development and break-down of these attractors.     

Chaos generation via a switching fractional multi-model system

This paper introduces a system with switching multi-model structure which can generate chaos. Sub-models in this structure are fractional-order linear systems with any desired commensurate order less than 1. It shows that this system is capable of demonstrating chaotic behavior if its parameters and switching rule are suitably chosen. The structure of the proposed system is defined in a general form; consequently various chaotic attractors can be created by this system with different choices of order, parameters and switching rule. Numerical simulations illustrate behavior of the introduced system in some different situations.     

Endogenous chaotic dynamics in transitional economies

This paper examines a model of labor market dynamics in an economy undergoing transition from command socialism to market capitalism. State sector layoffs are modeled as a function of forecasts made by state planners of private sector wages where the laidoff workers are to be re-employed. The state switches between using a high information cost perfect forecast and a free naive forecast in a system that resembles a cobweb supply-demand model. Under certain specifications and parameter values chaotic dynamics are shown to endogenously emerge along with several other varieties of complex dynamics including strange attractors, coexistence of infinitely many stable cycles, cascades of infinitely many period doubling bifurcations and fractal basin boundaries between coexisting non-chaotic attractors.     

Coexistence of multiple attractors and crisis route to chaos in a novel memristive diode bidge-based Jerk circuit

In the present paper, a new memristor based oscillator is obtained from the autonomous Jerk circuit [Kengne et al., Nonlinear Dynamics (2016) 83: 751̶765] by substituting the nonlinear element of the original circuit with a first order memristive diode bridge. The model is described by a continuous time four-dimensional autonomous system with smooth nonlinearities. Various nonlinear analysis tools such as phase portraits, time series, bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré section and the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents are exploited to characterize different scenarios to chaos in the novel circuit. It is found that the system experiences period doubling and crisis routes to chaos. One of the major results of this work is the finding of a window in the parameters’ space in which the circuit develops hysteretic behaviors characterized by the coexistence of four different (periodic and chaotic) attractors for the same values of the system parameters. Basins of attractions of various coexisting attractors are plotted showing complex basin boundaries. As far as the authors’ knowledge goes, the novel memristive jerk circuit represents one of the simplest electrical circuits (no analog multiplier chip is involved) capable of four disconnected coexisting attractors reported to date. Both PSpice simulations of the nonlinear dynamics of the oscillator and laboratory experimental measurements are carried out to validate the theoretical analysis.     

Chaotic attractor generation and critical value analysis via switching approach

The generation of novel chaotic funnel-shaped attractors is introduced and the analysis of related critical values is given with a proposed switching method in this paper. The underlying mechanism involves a simple three-dimensional switched system and a hysteretically switching signal. Moreover, theoretic analysis is carried out to study the attractor generation and the corresponding critical values by fully utilizing the specific structure of the non-smooth system. Based on carefully derivation, the critical values and related stability regions of the created attractors are estimated explicitly, which is usually impossible for general non-smooth dynamics. In addition, it is demonstrated by simulation that various attractor patterns are generated conveniently by adjusting suitable system parameters.     

Evolving chaos: Identifying new attractors of the generalised Lorenz family

In a recent paper, we presented an intelligent evolutionary search technique through genetic programming (GP) for finding new analytical expressions of nonlinear dynamical systems, similar to the classical Lorenz attractor's which also exhibit chaotic behaviour in the phase space. In this paper, we extend our previous finding to explore yet another gallery of new chaotic attractors which are derived from the original Lorenz system of equations. Compared to the previous exploration with sinusoidal type transcendental nonlinearity, here we focus on only cross-product and higher-power type nonlinearities in the three state equations. We here report over 150 different structures of chaotic attractors along with their one set of parameter values, phase space dynamics and the Largest Lyapunov Exponents (LLE). The expressions of these new Lorenz-like nonlinear dynamical systems have been automatically evolved through multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP). In the past two decades, there have been many claims of designing new chaotic attractors as an incremental extension of the Lorenz family. We provide here a large family of chaotic systems whose structure closely resemble the original Lorenz system but with drastically different phase space dynamics. This advances the state of the art knowledge of discovering new chaotic systems which can find application in many real-world problems. This work may also find its archival value in future in the domain of new chaotic system discovery.     

Robust chaos in piecewise nonsmooth map of the plane

In this paper we give sufficient conditions for the occurrence of robust chaotic attractors in piecewise nonsmooth map of the plane. The application of these results is illustrated by two 2D discontinuous maps. We have reported some analytical results on the existence of robust chaos in a general piecewise nonsmooth map of the plane via the search for super chaotic attractors. Some elementary examples are also given and discussed.     

New types of 3-D systems of quadratic differential equations with chaotic dynamics based on Ricker discrete population model

The wide class of 3-D autonomous systems of quadratic differential equations, in each of which either there is a couple of coexisting limit cycles or there is a couple of coexisting chaotic attractors, is found. In the second case the couple consists of either Lorentz-type attractor and another attractor of a new type or two Lorentz-type attractors. It is shown that the chaotic behavior of any system of the indicated class can be described by the Ricker discrete population model: z_i+1 = z_i exp(r − z_i), r > 0, z_i > 0, i = 0, 1, … . The values of parameters, at which in the 3-D system appears either the couple of limit cycles or the couple of chaotic attractors, or only one limit cycle, or only one sphere-shaped chaotic attractor, are indicated. Examples are given.     

Singularity Structure and Chaotic Behavior of the Homopolar Disk Dynamo

We study in great detail a system of three first-order ordinary differential equations describing a homopolar disk dynamo (HDD). This system displays a large variety of behaviors, both regular and chaotic. Existence of periodic solutions is proved for certain ranges of parameters. Stability criteria for periodic solutions are given. The nonintegrability aspects of the HDD system are studied by investigating analytically the singularity structure of the system in the complex domain. Coexisting attractors (including period-doubling sequence) and coexisting strange attractors appear in some parametric regimes. The gluing of strange attractors and the ungluing of a strange attractor are also shown to occur. A period of bifurcation leading to chaos, not observed for other chaotic systems, is shown to characterize the chaotic behavior in some parametric ranges. The limiting case of the Lorenz system is also studied and is related to HDD.     

Multiple recurrent outbreak cycles in an autonomous epidemiological model due to multiple limit cycle bifurcation

Multiple recurrent outbreak cycles have been commonly observed in infectious diseases such as measles and chicken pox. This complex outbreak dynamics in epidemiologicals is rarely captured by deterministic models. In this paper, we investigate a simple 2-dimensional SI epidemiological model and propose that the coexistence of multiple attractors attributes to the complex outbreak patterns. We first determine the conditions on parameters for the existence of an isolated center, then properly perturb the model to generate Hopf bifurcation and obtain limit cycles around the center. We further analytically prove that the maximum number of the coexisting limit cycles is three, and provide a corresponding set of parameters for the existence of the three limit cycles. Simulation results demonstrate the case with the maximum coexisting attractors, which contains one stable disease free equilibrium and two stable endemic periodic solutions separated by one unstable periodic solution. Therefore, different disease outcomes can be predicted by a single nonlinear deterministic model based on different initial data.     

Special dynamic behaviors of a temporal chaotic system

When dynamic behaviors of temporal chaotic system are analyzed,we find that a temporal chaotic system has not only genetic dynamic behaviors of chaotic reflection,but also has phenomena influencing two chaotic attractors by original values.Along with the system parameters changing to certain value,the system will appear a break in chaotic region,and jump to another orbit of attractors.When it is opposite that the system parameters change direction,the temporal chaotic system appears complicated chaotic behaviors.     

Attractors and Dimensions for Discretizations of a NLS Equation with a Non-local Nonlinear Term

In this paper we consider a semi-dicretized nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with local integral nonlinearity. It is proved that for each mesh size, there exist attractors for the discretized system. The bounds for the Hausdorff and fractal dimensions of the discrete attractors are obtained, and the various bounds are independent of the mesh sizes. Furthermore, numerical experiments are given and many interesting phenomena are observed such as limit cycles, chaotic attractors and a so-called crisis of the chaotic attractors.