PbS量子点在荧光集光太阳能光伏器件上的应用

荧光集光太阳能光伏器件在平面光波导效应的作用下实现等效聚光,可以减少太阳能电池的用量,有效降低光伏发电的成本。将胶体化学法制备的吸收和发射在近红外波段的单分散球状PbS量子点荧光材料封装于两片光伏超白玻璃间的正己烷溶液中,构成溶液夹层封装的平面光波导,并和效率为17%的单晶硅太阳能电池耦合,制作出了吸收在700～1000nm,效率约为1.31%的近红外荧光集光太阳能光伏器件。     

基于LR305的平面荧光太阳能聚光波导研制

光伏发电是目前太阳能最佳的利用方式之一,但发电成本高。利用聚光结构提高光的转换和收集效率,是提高太阳能电池效率、减少电池用量、降低光伏发电系统成本的重要途径。以Lumogen F Red 305 (LR305) 染料作为荧光材料,将其掺杂到PMMA中,通过本体聚合法制作出尺寸为50 mm×50 mm×5 mm的PMMA平面荧光太阳能聚光波导,对其光学特性进行表征,同时将太阳能电池粘贴到聚光波导的输出端面,通过测试平面荧光太阳聚光波导对太阳能电池性能的影响研究了荧光太阳能聚光波导的聚光特性。     

太阳能光伏光热扁管式蒸发器性能分析

根据太阳能光伏光热蒸发器与制冷系统之间的能量平衡,建立了光伏光热扁管式蒸发器性能的数理模型。该模型考虑了光伏光热扁管式蒸发器的传热系数变化,并分析了太阳辐射强度、环境温度、制冷循环的蒸发温度对光伏光热扁管式蒸发器的电池板温度、电池板光电转换效率、电池板发电功率以及光伏光热蒸发器散热量的影响。     

基于金属包覆磁性波导结构的磁光Bragg器件特性分析

使用金属包覆磁性波导中的磁光耦合理论分析了静磁表面波与导波光在金属／电介质／钇铁石榴石／钆镓石榴石结构中的磁光共线作用，讨论了金属覆层和斜向场对磁光模式转换效率的影响。计算表明，金属包覆波导可以提高磁光作用，通过调节金属覆层与磁性薄膜间距得到了比空气／4a铁石榴石／钆镓石榴石的传统三明治波导情形高8．7dB的模式转换效率；而同时优化偏置磁场方向和金属包覆波导参数，模式转换效率可以进一步提高5．25dB。因此，金属包覆波导可以用于提高磁光Bragg器件性能，在微波和光信息处理等方面具有广阔的应用前蒂。     

有机EL器件MEH-PPV/Alq3的光伏特性

制备了ITO/MEH-PPV/Alq3/LiF/Al光伏(PV)器件. MEH-PPV和Alq3分别为电子受体和给体. 光谱响应曲线主要和Alq3的吸收光谱相匹配. 在功率为0.5 mW·cm2的紫外氙灯照射下电池的短路电流为2.4 μA·cm-2, 开路电压为2.6 V, Fill因子为0.71, 电池的能量转换效率达到0.9%. 在直流电的驱动下, 器件具有电致发光的特性并且发出明亮的桔红色光, 在15 V的直流电压驱动下, 最大亮度达到了1 000 cd·cm-2.     

地球能量之源──太阳能

 地球上的所有生物都离不开能量．没有能量,地球将是一片死寂;没有植物,没有生命,没有四季,也没有风雨雷电……．人类的生存是一刻也离不开能量的．从古至今,人类生存所必需的能量几乎全部都间接或直接地取自于太阳．太阳能为人类生存提供了各种植物的化学能．太阳能使地表水蒸发而形成雨和雪,它们的一部分汇合在一起形成河流,利用河流,农业可灌溉良田,工业可水利发电．太阳能加热空气,热气流上升形成风,风能过去用于行船,当今用于发电．就连当今最重要的能源──煤炭、石油、天然气等化石燃料,都是各种古代生物把太阳能转化为化学能固定下来后,又经过漫长的年代沉积在地下演变而成的．     

有机光伏器件的激子阻挡层的工作机制

研究了有机光伏器件的激子阻挡层(EBL)的工作机制,对于像bathocuproine(BCP)和bathophenanthroline(Bphen)这样的电子阻挡层,主要利用的是他们的强的电子传输能力。而像copper phthalocyanine(CuPc)作为电子阻挡层则可利用它大的空穴传输能力和较低的HOMO能级。我们还发现当CuPc厚度为10～30nm时,CuPc表现出比BCP和Bphen高的EB特性。文中还较为详细地叙述了CuPc作为电子阻挡层的运行机制。     

用于太阳能光伏发电的高倍聚光系统

 研究了基于三结型（InGaP/InGaAs/Ge）高效太阳能电池的太阳能光伏发电的高倍聚光系统。该系统采用高次非球面光学玻璃卡塞格林系统,运用Zemax和Tracepro光学设计软件完成200~500倍太阳能聚光系统的设计,同时设计了单片型高倍太阳能聚能光学组件,用热压成型方法研制了太阳能聚能透镜（副镜）。采用16个性能相同的聚光光学组件和相同数量的三结型太阳能电池组成高倍聚光型太阳能光伏组件,极大地提高了聚光比,为太阳能光伏发电的高倍聚光器设计提供参考和依据。     

利用阴极修饰层提高有机光伏电池的性能及稳定性

分别制备了以苯甲酸锂、碳酸铯和聚氧化乙烯为阴极修饰层的基于P3HT∶PCBM体系的本体异质结有机光伏电池。比较了3种阴极修饰层对器件性能及稳定性的影响。结果表明:选择合适的阴极修饰层材料是提高光电转换效率、延长电池使用寿命的可行性途径之一。纯无机阴极修饰层不能有效地阻挡氧气和水进入活性层,对于减缓器件的性能衰退效果不如有机阴极修饰层材料。有机聚合物材料可以减小漏电流的产生,开路电压和填充因子都得到很大提高,有利于提高器件的性能及稳定性。合成可溶液加工的具有极性基团的共轭聚合物材料是未来阴极修饰层的发展方向。     

几种太阳能光伏发电方案的热力分析与比较

本文建立了平板固定式、数倍聚光式、抛物槽一次反射聚光式、碟式反射聚光分频式和菲涅尔透镜聚光式等五种光伏发电方式的光学系统和辐射能量转换器的热物理模型,进行了能量效率和有效能利用率分析,介绍了与太阳不处于热平衡态的地面太阳光谱辐射能的计算式,分析表明在光电池许可的温度下适当提高聚光比可大幅减少光电池使用面积.     

聚光光伏系统的发展及未来趋势

介绍了聚光光伏系统的发展历史和研究现状。对聚光光伏系统中的主件一聚光器和光伏电池进行了详细分类，给出了它们的特点和主要参数。描述了国外一些厂家为提高光伏系统效率并降低成本而研制的太阳跟踪系统。总结出聚光光伏系统的发展趋势，主要是指高倍聚光器＋跟踪系统和低倍大角度聚光器＋分光元件＋多节电池等。最后就目前状况提出了聚光光伏系统商业化还需要解决的问题。     

有机光伏电池物理性能的模拟

在分析有机聚合物光伏器件物理工作过程的基础上,依据光学原理和扩散理论建立了非相干光吸收模型和激子传输模型. 模拟了限制光伏效率的光学吸收和激子扩散两个主要过程,获得了薄膜厚度与光学吸收、转换效率之间的函数关系,为增强有机薄膜的光学吸收、激子分离与传输并获得高转换效率的有机光伏电池奠定理论基础. 关键词： 有机光伏电池 光学吸收 激子扩散 模拟     

三维多孔复合碳层对电极的制备及其光伏性能研究

基于TiO_2光阳极、Pt对电极的染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)因其优异的光电转换特性受到了广泛的关注,然而Pt昂贵的价格制约了其发展与应用.针对这一问题,本文设计、制备了一种由相对致密且高导电的石墨膜(PC层,底层)及多孔碳纳米颗粒膜(CC层,顶层)构成的低成本、高性能三维多孔复合碳层对电极.基于该CC/PC对电极的DSSC具有优异的光伏性能:在1.5标准太阳光照射下,其填充因子高达65.28%(较Pt对电极高4.1%)、光电转换效率高达5.9%(为Pt对电极的94.2%). CC/PC对电极的优异光伏性能主要归因于其独特的三维多孔导电结构,该结构有极高的比表面积和丰富的催化反应活性位,有利于电子的快速传输及离子的快速转移,在这些因素的协同作用下,其光电转换性能大大改善.     

Simulation design of P–I–N-type all-perovskite solar cells with high efficiency

According to the good charge transporting property of perovskite, we design and simulate a p–i–n-type all-perovskite solar cell by using one-dimensional device simulator. The perovskite charge transporting layers and the perovskite absorber constitute the all-perovskite cell. By modulating the cell parameters, such as layer thickness values, doping concentrations and energy bands of n-, i-, and p-type perovskite layers, the all-perovskite solar cell obtains a high power conversion efficiency of 25.84%. The band matched cell shows appreciably improved performance with widen absorption spectrum and lowered recombination rate, so weobtain a high J_(sc) of 32.47 m A/cm~2. The small series resistance of the all-perovskite solar cell also benefits the high J_(sc). The simulation provides a novel thought of designing perovskite solar cells with simple producing process, low production cost and high efficient structure to solve the energy problem.     

An analysis of quantum coherent solar photovoltaic cells

A new hypothesis (Scully et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108 (2011) 15097) suggests that it is possible to break the statistical physics-based detailed balance-limiting power conversion efficiency and increase the power output of a solar photovoltaic cell by using “noise-induced quantum coherence” to increase the current. The fundamental errors of this hypothesis are explained here. As part of this analysis, we show that the maximum photogenerated current density for a practical solar cell is a function of the incident spectrum, sunlight concentration factor, and solar cell energy bandgap and thus the presence of quantum coherence is irrelevant as it is unable to lead to increased current output from a solar cell.     

基于棱镜二次聚光的高倍聚光模组聚光特性与三结电池光谱响应匹配与优化

目前Ⅲ-Ⅴ多结高倍聚光(HCPV)太阳电池实验室效率记录已高达46%,而相对应的模组效率与之相差仍较大,其中由于模组中聚光非理想性引起的损失就高达20%.本文通过建立光学模型和非均匀光照的三维电池电路网络模型,以Ⅲ-Ⅴ族三结电池为例,研究了菲涅耳透镜一次聚光、棱镜二次聚光的HCPV模组的聚光特性和光电特性.结果发现.由于光线非平行入射和-菲涅耳透镜的色散现象,使得沿光轴方向短、中、长波段聚光发散及聚光不均匀,从而造成了三结电池的上、中、下各子电池光谱响应失配损失,模组光电转换性能下降;进一步,通过采用棱镜二次聚光,能较好地改善聚光和温度均匀性;通过对光轴方向上短、中、长波段的聚光特性与三结电池光谱响应匹配优化,使得模组输出功率提高10%以上.模拟结果己得到实验验证.     

Development of low concentrated solar photovoltaic system with lead acid battery as storage device

Energy storage system powered by renewable energies is a viable option to meet energy requirement without addition of carbon footprints to the environment. This study involves development of theoretical and computational models for a solar photovoltaic (PV) system coupled with a lead acid battery. The study commenced with selection of most appropriate lead acid battery and PV system for installation in a representative location in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Various technical and economic parameters were assessed and calculated by computational approach. The optimized lead acid battery was integrated with low concentration solar PV panels (CPV) followed by a feasibility study. Theoretical model was developed for the integrated system to calculate various parameters of the CPV and lead acid battery. Technical and economic assessment of this coupled unit was calculated using a theoretical approach. The developed model was then subjected to computational approach for verification and validation analysis of the integrated system. The detailed assessment of batteries and integrated system show the applicability of this system in Riyadh region. The research will be extended to develop energy storage systems for remote areas using lead acid batteries.     

大面积染料敏化太阳电池的串联阻抗特性研究

在电子扩散微分方程的基础上,研究了染料敏化太阳电池光生电流和光生电压随光照强度不同的变化关系.提出敏化太阳电池串联阻抗功率损耗模型,理论模拟了大面积电池（有效面积>1 cm²）光电转换效率随多孔薄膜有效面积宽度变化的曲线、透明导电基底膜与银栅极的比接触电阻以及在不同入射光强下银栅极体电阻对大面积染料敏化太阳电池光伏性能的影响.结果表明透明导电基底膜的方块电阻和银栅极体电阻对大面积染料敏化太阳电池的性能有很大影响,而这种影响随光强的减弱逐渐减小. 关键词： 染料敏化 太阳电池 串联阻抗 光电转换效率     

Photoemission cross section:A critical parameter in the impurity photovoltaic effect

A numerical study has been conducted to explore the role of photoemission cross sections in the impurity photovoltaic(IPV) effect for silicon solar cells doped with indium. The photovoltaic parameters(short-circuit current density, opencircuit voltage, and conversion efficiency) of the IPV solar cell were calculated as functions of variable electron and hole photoemission cross sections. The presented results show that the electron and hole photoemission cross sections play critical roles in the IPV effect. When the electron photoemission cross section is 10-20cm~2, the conversion efficiencyη of the IPV cell always has a negative gain(?η 0) if the IPV impurity is introduced. A large hole photoemission cross section can adversely impact IPV solar cell performance. The combination of a small hole photoemission cross section and a large electron photoemission cross section can achieve higher conversion efficiency for the IPV solar cell since a large electron photoemission cross section can enhance the necessary electron transition from the impurity level to the conduction band and a small hole photoemission cross section can reduce the needless sub-bandgap absorption. It is concluded that those impurities with small(large) hole photoemission cross section and large(small) electron photoemission cross section,whose energy levels are near the valence(or conduction) band edge, may be suitable for use in IPV solar cells. These results may help in judging whether or not an impurity is appropriate for use in IPV solar cells according to its electron and hole photoemission cross sections.     

Enhanced efficiency of the luminescent solar concentrator fabricated with an aqueous layer

A novel method for preparing a luminescent solar concentrator(LSC) with fluorescent aqueous layer sandwiched between two pieces of flat glass is developed. By this method, an aqueous layer concentrator with a size of 78×78×7(mm) is fabricated. After coupled with silicon solar cell, the concentrator shows a power conversion efficiency of 3.9%, about 30% higher than that of the same sized laminated glass concentrator employing the same dyes. Furthermore, the measured efficiency almost reaches the calculated limit of the aqueous layer LSC. This kind of aqueous layer LSC offers a potential application in the buildingintegrated photovoltaics.