Subsolidus phase diagram of binary system in the perovskite type layer compounds (<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-C<Subscript>n</Subscript>H<Subscript>2n+1</Subscript>NH<Subscript>3</Subscript>)<Subscript>2</Subscript>MnCl<Subscript>4</Subscript>

The thermotropic phase transitions in the perovskite type layer compound (n-C₁₀H₂₁NH₃)₂MnCl₄ and (n-C₁₄H₂₉NH₃)₂MnCl₄ were synthesized and, at the same time, a series of their mixtures C₁₀Mn-C₁₄Mn were prepared. The experimental binary phase diagram of C₁₀Mn-C₁₄Mn was established by differential thermal analysis (DTA), IR and X-ray diffraction. In the phase diagram new material (n-C₁₀H₂₁NH₃)(n-C₁₄H₂₉NH₃)MnCl₄ and two eutectoid invariants were observed, two eutectic points temperatures are about 29.8 and 27.9°C. Contrasting other similar system, there are three noticeable solid solution ranges (α, β, γ) at the left and right boundary and middle of the phase diagram.     

Phases and phase transitions of compounds (CnH2n+1NH3)2MnCl4 with n = 1, 2, 3

Phases and structural phase transitions of the compounds (CH₃NH₃)₂MnCl₄, (C₂H₅NH₃)₂MnCl₄ and (C₃H₇NH₃)₂MnCl₄ have been studied by means of thermoanalytical methods (DSC) and X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction data in the temperature range of 85–480°K at normal pressure. All phases show perovskite-like layer structures. The high temperature phases (α phase) correspond to the K₂NiF₄ type and may be regarded as the aristotype of each polymorphic compound. All transitions are reversible. Transition patterns are:

Based on the DSC peak-shape analysis and diffraction data a model of a tilting system of the MnCl₆-octahedra layer is introduced in order to understand essential features of structures of different phases and their transition behavior. Single crystal film data of (C₃H₇NH₃)₂MnCl₄ phases reveal some disorder phenomena. The ε phase exhibits a superstructure along [010] with a triplication of the shortest axis corresponding to the δ phase. The γ phase of this compound shows strong satellite reflections, due to a transverse distortion wave along the [100] lattice direction.     

(C6H13NH3)2(NH2CHNH2)Pb2I7: A Two‐dimensional Bilayer Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Perovskite Showing Photodetecting Behavior

Inorganic–organic hybrid perovskites, especially two‐dimensional (2D) layered halide perovskites, have attracted significant attention due to their unique structures and attractive optoelectronic properties, which open up a great opportunity for next‐generation photosensitive devices. Herein, we report a new 2D bilayered inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite, (C₆H₁₃NH₃)₂(NH₂CHNH₂)Pb₂I₇ ( HFA , where C₆H₁₃NH₃⁺ is hexylaminium and NH₂CHNH₂⁺ is formamidinium), which exhibits a remarkable photoresponse under broadband light illumination. Structural characterizations demonstrate that the 2D perovskite structure of HFA is constructed by alternant stacking of inorganic lead iodide bilayered sheets and organic hexylaminium layers. Optical absorbance measurements combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that HFA is a direct band gap semiconductor with a narrow band gap (E_g) of ≈2.02 eV. Based on these findings, photodetectors based on HFA crystal wafer are fabricated, which exhibit fascinating optoelectronic properties including large on/off current ratios (over 10³), fast response speeds (τ_rise=310 μs and τ_decay=520 μs) and high responsivity (≈0.95 mA W^?1). This work will contribute to the design and development of new two‐dimensional bilayer inorganic–organic hybrid perovskites for high‐performance photosensitive devices.     

Optical investigation of 6A1g(6S)→4T2g (4D) absorption band in magnetic MnF2 and RbMnF3 compounds

Spectroscopic measurements of the spectral lines in MnF₂ and RbMnF₃ have been carried out in the temperature range 10–300 K. Observations of exciton–magnon sidebands in the fine structures of the ⁶A_1g → ⁴T_2g (⁴D) state of Mn²⁺ ions are reported at low temperatures. The temperature dependence of peak positions, oscillator strength and half line widths have been investigated for selected bands. The analysis of the temperature dependence of these parameters confirms that the fine structure of the D band is mainly attributed to spin–orbit interaction combined with spin multiplicity in the ordered state. The ratios for the separation energies between these lines are fitted with the ratios expected from Landé interval rule.     

Reaction of (η5‐C5H5)Fe(CO)2I with Anionic Bidentate Phosphine Ligands PPh2(o‐C6H4NHLi) or PPh2(o‐C6H4OLi)

The o‐substituted hybrid phenylphosphines, PPh₂(o‐C₆H₄NH₂) and PPh₂(o‐C₆H₄OH), could be deprotonated with LDA or n‐BuLi to yield PPh₂(o‐C₆H₄NHLi) and PPh₂(o‐C₆H₄OLi), respectively. When added to a solution of (η⁵‐C₅H₅)Fe(CO)₂I at room temperature, these two lithiated reagents produce a chelated neutral complex 1 (η⁵‐C₅H₅)Fe(CO)[C(O)NH(o‐C₆H₄)PPh₂‐C,P‐η²] for the former and mainly a zwitterionic complex 2 , (η⁵‐C₅H₅)Fe⁺(CO)₂[PPh₂(o‐C₆H₄O^?)] for the latter. Complex 1 could easily be protonated and then decarbonylated to give 4 [(η⁵‐C₅H₅)Fe(CO){NH₂(o‐C₆H₄)PPh₂‐N,P‐η²}⁺]. Complexes 1 and 4‐I have been crystallographically characterized with X‐ray diffraction.     

Fine structure of 6A1g → 4A1g, 4Eg (4G) absorption band in MnF2

Systematic spectroscopic measurements of the spectral lines in MnF₂ have been carried out in the temperature range 10–300 K. Observations of exciton and exciton–magnon sidebands in the fine structures of the ⁶A_1g → ⁴A_1g, ⁴E_g (⁴G) state of Mn⁺² ions are reported at low temperatures for MnF₂. The fine structure of the C-band is mainly attributed to spin multiplicity in the ordered state. In addition, the pure exciton bands have been identified and the ratios for the separation energies between these lines are fitted with the ratios expected form Lande interval rule.     

Zur Struktur des Isopropylammonium-trichloro-Managanats (II) (CH3)2CHNH3MnCl3 · 2 H2O

On the Structure of Isopropylammonium Trichloro Manganate(II) (CH₃)₂CHNH₃MnCl₃ · 2 H₂O The crystal structure of (i-C₃H₇NH₃)MnCl₃ · 2 H₂O has been determined by X-ray diffraction and the parameters refined by leastsquares calculations. (i-C₃H₇NH₃)MnCl₃ · 2 H₂O is monoclinic, space group P2_1/c with a = 1410(3), b = 584(1) and c = 1299(2) pm, β = 110.5(1)°. There are four formula units per unit cell. The manganese is octahedrally coordinated by four chlorine atoms and two water molecules in “trans” position. The structure contains discrete dioctahedra Mn₂Cl₆(H₂O)₄^2?.     

Water‐soluble and Halogen‐free Hexaammine Complexes of Metal Ions of Group 9 – Synthesis,Crystal Structures,and Vibrational Spectra

Reaction of [M(NH₃)₆]Cl₃ (M = Co, Rh, Ir) and [Ir(NH₃)₅(OH₂)]Cl₃ with (NH₄)₂C₂O₄ · H₂O in aqueous solution resulted in the isolation of [M(NH₃)₆]₂(C₂O₄)₃ · 4 H₂O and [Ir(NH₃)₅(OH₂)]₂(C₂O₄)₃ · 4 H₂O, respectively. The complexes have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography, IR and UV/VIS spectroscopy. The isomorphous compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnnm (No. 58). Four molecules of crystal water are involved in an extended three‐dimensional hydrogen bonding network. The librational modes of the lattice water around 600 cm^–1 allow the characterization of [Ir(NH₃)₆]₂(C₂O₄)₃ · 4 H₂O and [Ir(NH₃)₅(OH₂)]₂(C₂O₄)₃ · 4 H₂O, respectively, by IR spectroscopy. The band around 600 cm^–1 shows a significant frequency shift in the IR spectra of the hexaammine and aquapentaammine complex of iridium(III) and, by that, a distinction is possible.     

锐钛相虫蛀状介孔二氧化钛的表征

0IntroductionMesostructuredtitania(TiO2)hasattractedagreatdealofattention,inviewofcontrolleddelivery,catalytic,photocatlytic,orenergyconversionapplica-tions犤1犦.Theuseoftitaniumisopropoxidebis-acetylace-tonateprecursors,combinedwithalkylphosphatean-ionicsurfactantsastemplate,ledtothefirstdocu-mentedpuremesoporousTiO2犤2犦.Insubsequentyears,moresyntheticstrategieshavebeendevelopedusingavarietyofstructure-directingagents,forexample,car-boxylicacids犤3犦,alkylamine犤4犦,aminium犤5犦,blockcop-o…     

A Manganese(II) Coordination Polymer with Ditopic Bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)borate Bridges

The synthesis and characterization of the ditopic bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)borate ligand Li₂[p‐C₆H₄(B(C₆F₅)pz₂)₂] is reported (pz = pyrazol‐1‐yl). Compared to the corresponding t‐butyl derivative Li₂[p‐C₆H₄(B(t‐Bu)pz₂)₂], the C₆F₅‐substituted scorpionate is significantly more stable towards hydrolysis. Reaction of Li₂[p‐C₆H₄(B(C₆F₅)pz₂)₂] with two equivalents of MnCl₂ leads to the formation of coordination polymers {(MnCl₂)₂(Li(THF)₃)₂[p‐C₆H₄(B(C₆F₅)pz₂)₂]}_∞ featuring penta‐coordinate Mn^II ions chelated by one bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)borate fragment and further bonded to three chloride ions. Two of the three chloride ions are also coordinated to a neighbouring Mn^II ion; the third chloro ligand is shared between the Mn^II centre and a Li(THF)₃ moiety.     

Methyl 2‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranoside

The overall conformation of the title compound, C₁₃H₂₄O₁₀, is described by the glycosidic torsion angles ?_H (H1_g—C1_g—O2_r—C2_r) and ψ_H (C1_g—O2_r—C2_r—H2_r), which have values of 13.6 and 16.1°, respectively. The former is significantly different from the value predicted by consideration of the exo‐anomeric effect (?_H～ 60°) and from that in solution (?_H～ 50°), as determined previously by NMR spectroscopy. An intramolecular O3_r—H?O2_g hydrogen bond may help to stabilize the conformation in the solid state. The orientation of the hydroxy­methyl group of the glucose residue is gauche–gauche, with a torsion angle ω (O5_g—C5_g—C6_g—O6_g) of ?70.4 (4)°. Both pyranose rings are in their expected chair conformations, i.e.⁴C₁ for d ‐glucose and ¹C₄ for l ‐rhamnose.     

First Characterization of an Extended Ammonium‐Ammonia Complex [{NH4(NH3)4}+(μ‐NH3)2] in the Crystal Structure of [NH4(NH3)4][Co(C2B9H11)2] · 2 NH3

The compound [NH₄(NH₃)₄][Co(C₂B₉H₁₁)₂] · 2 NH₃ ( 1 ) was prepared by the reaction of Na[Co(C₂B₉H₁₁)₂] with a proton‐charged ion‐exchange resin in liquid ammonia. The ammoniate 1 was characterized by low temperature single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. The anionic part of the structure consists of [Co(C₂B₉H₁₁)₂]^‐ complexes, which are connected via C‐H···H‐B dihydrogen bonds. Furthermore, 1 contains an infinite equation/tex2gif-stack-2.gif[{NH₄(NH₃)₄}⁺(μ‐NH₃)₂] cationic chain, which is formed by [NH₄(NH₃)₄]⁺ ions linked by two ammonia molecules. The N‐H···N hydrogen bonds range from 1.92 to 2.71Å (DHA = Donor···Acceptor angles: 136‐176°). Additional N‐H···H‐B dihydrogen bonds are observed (H···H: 2.3‐2.4Å).     

Darstellung und Kristallstrukturen von [P(C6H5)4][1-(NH3)B10H9] und Cs[(NH3)B12H11] · 2CH3OH

Synthesis and Crystal Structures of [P(C₆H₅)₄][1-(NH₃)B₁₀H₉] and Cs[(NH₃)B₁₂H₁₁] · 2CH₃OH The reduction of [1-(NO₂)B₁₀H₉]^2? with aluminum in alkaline solution yields [1-(NH₃)B₁₀H₉]^? and by treatment of [B₁₂H₁₂]^2? with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid [(NH₃)B₁₂H₁₁]^? is formed. The crystal structures of [P(C₆H₅)₄][1-(NH₃)B₁₀H₉] (triclinic, space group P1 , a = 7.491(2), b = 13.341(2), c = 14.235(1) Å, α = 68.127(9), β = 81.85(2), γ = 86.860(3)°, Z = 2) and Cs[(NH₃)B₁₂H₁₁] · 2CH₃OH (monoclinic, space group P2₁/n, a = 14.570(2), b = 7.796(1), c = 15.076(2) Å, β = 111.801(8)°, Z = 4) reveal for both compounds the bonding of an ammine substituent to the cluster anion.     

Synthesis,crystal structure and properties of a novel copper(II) complex with tripod ligand tris(1H-benzimidazol- 2-ylmethyl)amine

A five-coordinate copper complex with the tripod ligand tris(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (ntb), of composition [Cu(ntb)(H₂O)] (C1O₄)₂?·?C₅H₄N₂O₃?·?H₂O (C₅H₄N₂O₃?=?4-nitropyridine-N-oxide), was synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analyses, electrical conductivities, thermal analyses, IR, and U.V. The crystal structure of the copper complex has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and shows that the Cu^II is bonded to a tris(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (ntb) ligand and a water molecule through four N atoms and one O atom, giving a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal coordination geometry with approximate C ₃ molecular symmetry. Cyclic voltammograms of the copper complex indicate a quasi-reversible Cu⁺²/Cu⁺ couple. Electron spin resonance data confirm a trigonal-bipyramidal structure and with g ₂?<?g _ζ and a very small value of A ₂ (20?×?10^?4?cm^?1).     

Coupling of Magnetic and Elastic Domains in the Organic–Inorganic Layered Perovskite‐Like (C6H5C2H4NH3)2FeIICl4 Crystal

Multiferroic materials coupling ferroelasticity and ferromagnetism show strong magnetoelastic effects as magnetization is induced by mechanical stress or alternately strain induced by applying a magnetic field. These effects were reported for inorganic multiferroics such as LaCo_x Sr_1−x O₃. (C₆H₅C₂H₄NH₃)₂Fe^IICl₄ is the first example of an organic–inorganic perovskite to exhibit such effects below the canted antiferromagnetism at T _C=98 K and ferroelasticity at T _C=433 K. This is shown by switching the magnetic hysteresis on and off by uniaxial pressure through the strong coupling of the magnetic and elastic domains. The spin‐canting direction was controlled by mechanical stress in the heating and cooling cycles. This unique observation gives additional impetus in the search for coupled hysteretic effect in organic–inorganic multiferroics.     

Synthesis and characterization of phenoxarsin-10-yl 2-R2N-cyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioate (R = H,C2H5, cyclo-C6H11CH2) and the crystal and molecular structure of the 2-amino (R = H) derivative

Phenoxarsin-10-yl derivatives of 2-amino-cyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid, (ACDA), and its N-alkyl derivativesO(C₆H₄)₂ AsS₂C—C₅H₆— NHR-2 (R = H, CH₂CH₃, CH₂C₆H₁₁,), have been prepared by reacting O(C₆H₄)₂AsCI with the corresponding ACDA 1,1-dithioic acid. The compounds were obtained by stirring stoichiometric amounts of the reagents in ethanol, over 24 h, at room temperature. The scale of the preparations were in the order of 2 mmol and the yields of the compounds ca 75%. The reactions were carried out in absolute ethanol. The compounds were characterized by IR, mass and NMR (¹H, ¹³C) spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O(C₆H₄)₂AsS₂C—C₅H₆—NH₂-2 was determined using X-ray diffractometry, achieving an R-value of 6.3%; this compound is monomeric and contains an asymmetric monometallic biconnective 1,1-dithiolato ligand [As—S(1) 2.272(2) å, As … S(2) 3.125(2) å]. An intramolecular hydrogen bond is established between one hydrogen atom of the NH₂ group and the sulfur [S(2)] atom involved in the secondary interaction to arsenic. The dihedral angle (150.3(3)°) of the phenoxarsine moiety is practically unaffected by substitution of chlorine on arsenic by the carbodithioato ligand.     

The formation of the anilinium ion from the ammonium ion in the ammonia chemical ionization of substituted benzenes

Compounds C₆H₅X(X ? F, Cl, Br, NO₂, CN, OCH₃) have been studied under chemical ionization conditions with ammonia as reagent gas. A pulsed electron beam and time resolved ion collection has allowed the determination of the reaction leading to the formation of [C₆H₅NH₃]⁺ (m/z 94). [NH₄]⁺ reacts with C₆H₅X(X ? F, Cl, Br) to yield m/z 94 but C₆H₅X (X ? CN, NO₂) forms this ion only by reactions involving either [NH₃]⁺ or [C₆H₅X]⁺. C₆H₅OCH₃ does not form m/z 94.     

Transformations of high spin MnII and FeII polymeric pivalates in reactions with pivalic acid and o-phenylenediamines

The thermolysis and reactions of the polymeric high spin Mn^II and Fe^II complexes [Mn(μ-OOCBu^t)₂(HOEt)]_n (1) and [Fe(μ-OOCBu^t)₂]_n (3) with pivalic acid and o-phenylenediamines 1,2-(NH₂)₂C₆H₂R₂ (R = H or Me) were studied. The synthesis of compound 1 performed with a deficiency of pivalate anions affords the antiferromagnetic chloropivalate polymer { (MeCN)(HOOCBu^t)(H₂O)Mn₅Cl(OH)(OOCBu^t)₈·MeCN}_n. The reaction of 1 with an excess of pivalic acid produces the antiferromagnetic polymer [Mn₄(OOCBu^t)₈(HOOCBu^t)₂]_n. The analogous reaction of pivalic acid with polymer 3 gives the mononuclear complex Fe(η ¹-OOCBu^t)₂(η¹-HOOCBu^t)₄ containing the high spin iron(II) atom as the major product. Study of the reactions of 3 with a deficiency (<1: 1) and an excess (>1: 1) of diamines demonstrated that the polymer {[(η²-(NH₂)₂C₆H₄)₂Fe(μ-OOCBu^t)₂][Fe₂(μ-OOCBu^t)₄] · · 2MeCN}_n is generated as the major product in the former case, whereas the mononuclear complexes Fe(η¹-OOCBu^t)₂[η¹-(NH₂)₂C₆H₄]₄ and Fe(η¹-OOCBu^t)₂[η²-(NH₂)₂C₆H₂Me₂][η¹-(NH₂)₂C₆H₂Me₂]₂ are predominantly obtained in the latter case. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 779–792, May, 2006.     

Preparation,Structure, and Second‐order Nonlinear Optical Properties of a Borate‐Carboxylic Acid Compound: NH4B[d‐(+)‐C4H4O5]2·H2O

The organic‐inorganic hybrid nonlinear optical (NLO) material NH₄B(d‐ (+)‐C₄H₄O₅)₂ · H₂O (NBC) was synthesized in a borate‐carboxylic acid system. Its structure was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pna2₁ (No. 33), with cell parameters a = 11.484(6) Å, b = 5.354(3) Å, c = 21.079(12) Å, V = 1296.0(12), Z = 4. It exhibits a three‐dimensional pseudo tunnel structure consisting of fundamental building block [B(d‐ (+)‐C₄H₄O₅)₂]^– anions. The small cavities are occupied by the H₂O molecules and NH₄⁺ cations, which stabilize the whole structure by O–H ··· O and N–H ··· O hydrogen bonds. The powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) of the crystal was also recorded. Elemental analyses, FT‐IR and FT‐Raman spectra analyses, thermal analysis, and diffuse‐reflectance spectra for the compound are also presented, as are band structures and density of states calculation. Nonlinear optical measurements indicate that the material has second harmonic generation (SHG) properties and is phase‐matchable.     

{Na2[μ2-(C6H4O2)2](C6H4OOH)2}4-的结构及其在固态合溶液中的NMR比较

The new compound （NH3CH2CH2NH3）2{Na2[μ2-（C6H4O2）2]（C6H4OOH）2} has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The yellow crystals crystallized in the triclinic system with space group P-1 and a=0.6091（2） nm, b= 1.0274（3） nm, c= 1.2466（4） nm, α=89.073（6）°, β=89.376（6）°, γ=78.873（5）°, V=0.7653（4） nm^3, Z= 1, R1=0.0568, wR2=0.1198. Every sodium ion coordinates in trigonal prismatic fashion with two O atoms from a terminal chelating catecholato ligand and four O atoms from bridging P2 catecholato ligands, Two neighboring NaO6 trigonal prisms are face-shared and centrosymmetric with regard to the inversion center consisting of four tri-bridging O atoms to form a binuclear cluster {Na2[μ2-（C6H4O2）2]}^2- anion. The comparison of ^13C NMR spectrum of tlie complex in solid state with that in solution indicated that the rapid exchange between the bridging [μ2-（C6H4O2]^2- and terminal [C6H4OOH]^- ligands was present in solution.