Zur Synthese sulfonierter Derivate von 4-Fluoranilin

Syntheses of Sulfonated Derivatives of 4-Fluoroaniline Synthesis of 2-amino-5-fluorobenzenesulfonic acid ( 2 ) was achieved by baking the hydrogen sulfate of 4-fluoroaniline ( 1 ). Sulfonation of p-fluoroacetanilide ( 4 ) with oleum followed by hydrolysis gave 5-amino-2-fluorobenzenesulfonic acid ( 3 ). The same reaction with 1 yielded 3 in an impure state. The structures of 2 and 3 were confirmed by converting the diazonium chlorides derived from 5-fluoro-2-nitroaniline ( 5 ) and from 2-fluofo-5-nitroaniline ( 8 ) to 5-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene-sulfonyl chloride ( 6 ) and 2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride ( 9 ), respectively, followed by hydrolysis of 6 to 5-fluoro-2-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid ( 7 ), and of 9 to 2-fluoro-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid ( 10 ), and by final reduction. Compound 10 was also obtained by sulfonation of 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene ( 11 ) with oleum.     

Zur Synthese sulfonierter Derivate von 4- und 5-Aminoindan

On the Synthesis of Sulfonated Derivatives of 4- and 5-Aminoindan Baking the hydrogensulfate salt of 4-aminoindan (1) and 5-aminoindan (2) led, respectively, to 4-aminoindan-7-sulfonic acid (3) and 5-aminoindan-6-sulfonic acid (4). Acid 4 was also obtained by direct sulfonation of 2. 4-Aminoindan-6-sulfonic acid (5) and 6-aminoindan-4-sulfonic acid (6) were prepared by sulfonation of 4-nitroindan (7) and 5-nitroindan (9) , respectively, to 4-nitroindan-6-sulfonic acid (8) and 6-nitroindan-4-sulfonic acid (10) , followed by a Béchamp-reduction. Treatment of 1 with amidosulfuric acid gave 3 , whereas the same reaction with 2 led to a mixture of 4 and 5-aminoindan-4-sulfonic acid (11). Independent synthesis of 11 was achieved by the following sequence of reactions: sulfur dioxide treatment of the diazonium chloride derived from 4-amino-5-nitrodan (13) gave 5-nitroindan-4-sulfonyl chloride (14) ; hydrolysis to 5-nitroindan-4-sulfonic acid (15) , and final reduction. The 4-aminoindan-5-sulfonic acid (16) was synthesized by treatment of 4-amino-7-bromoindan (18) with amidosulfuric acid to give 4-amino-7-bromoindan-5-sulfonic acid (19) followed by hydrogenolysis. Sulfonation of 4-acetyl-amino-7-bromoindan (17) with oleum followed by hydrolysis led to 7-amino-4-bromoindan-5-sulfonic acid (20) , the structure of which was confirmed by reductive dehalogenation to 5 .     

Zur Synthese sulfonierter Derivate von 2-Amino-p-xylol

Synthese of sulfonated derivatives of 2-amino-p-xylene Sulfonation of 2-amino-p-xylene (2) gave 2-amino-p-xylene-5-sulfonic acid (1) . The 2-amino-p-xylene-6-sulfonic acid (3) was prepared via three routes: (1) sulfonation of 2-amino-5-chloro-p-xylene (19) to 5-amino-2-chloro-p-xylene-3-sulfonic acid (20) followed by hydrogenolysis; (2) sulfur dioxide treatment of the diazonium salt derived from 2-amino-6-nitro-p-xylene (21) to 2-nitro-p-xylene-6-sulfonyl chloride (11) followed by hydrolysis to 2-nitro-p-xylene-6-sulfonic acid (4) and Béchamp reduction; (3) Béchamp reduction of 2-chloro-3-nitro-p-xylene-5-sulfonic acid (13) to 3-amino-2-chloro-p-xylene-5-sulfonic acid (16) and subsequent hydrogenolysis. Catalytic reduction of 13 in aqueous sodium carbonate solution gave mixtures of 3 and 16 . 2-Amino-p-xylene-3-sulfonic acid (27) was synthesized via two routes: (1) reaction of 19 with sulfamic acid to 2-amino-5-chloro-p-xylene-3-sulfonic acid (26) followed by hydrogenolysis; (2) sulfur dioxide treatment of the diazonium salt derived from 2-amino-3-nitro-p-xylene (28) to 2-nitro-p-xylene-3-sulfonyl chloride (12) , hydrolysis to 2-nitro-p-xylene-3-sulfonic acid (7) and Béchamp reduction.     

Zur Synthese sulfonierter Derivate von 2-Fluoranilin

Syntheses of Sulfonated Derivatives of 2-Fluoroaniline Synthesis of 4-amino-3-fluorobenzenesulfonic acid ( 3 ) was achieved in two ways: reaction of 2-fluoroaniline ( 1 ) with amidosulfonic acid and by first conventionally converting 4-nitro-3-fluoroaniline ( 8 ) to 4-nitro-3-fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride ( 9 ) followed subsequently by hydrolysis to 3-fluoro-4-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid ( 10 ) and reduction. Hydrogenolysis of 3 gave sulfanilic acid ( 7 ). Both, sulfonation of fluorobenzene ( 6 ) to 4-fluorobenzenesulfonic acid ( 11 ) followed by nitration and sulfonation of 1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene ( 12 ) led to 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid ( 13 ). Reduction of 13 gave the isomeric 3-amino-4-fluorobenzenesulfonic acid ( 4 ), which was also obtained both by sulfonation of 1 and by sulfonation of o-fluoroacetanilide ( 14 ) followed by hydrolysis. Selective hydrogenolyses of 2-amino-5-bromo-3-fluorobenzenesulfonic acid ( 15 ), prepared by reaction of 4-bromo-2-fluoroaniline ( 16 ) with amidosulfonic acid, and of 4-amino-2-bromo-5-fluorobenzenesulfonic acid ( 20 ), obtained by sulfonation of 5-bromo-2-fluoroaniline ( 19 ) yielded the isomers 2-amino-3-fluorobenzenesulfonic acid ( 5 ) and 3 , respectively. The fourth isomer, 3-amino-2-fluorobenzenesulfonic acid ( 2 ), was synthesized by sulfur dioxide treatment of the diazonium chloride derived from 2-fluoro-3-nitroaniline ( 21 ) to 2-fluoro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride ( 22 ), followed by hydrolysis to 2-fluoro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid ( 23 ) and final Béchamp-reduction.     

Zur Synthese sulfonierter Derivate von 4-Amino-1,3-dimethylbenzol und 2-Amino-1,3-dimethylbenzol

Syntheses of Sulfonated Derivatives of 4-Amino-1, 3-dimethylbenzene and 2-Amino-1, 3-dimethylbenzene Direct sulfonation of 4-amino-1, 3-dimethylbenzene (1) and sulfonation of 4-nitro-1,3-dimethylbenzene ( 4 ) to 4-nitro-1,3-dimethylbenzene-6-sulfonic acid ( 3 ) followed by reduction yield 4-amino-1,3-dimethylbenzene-6-sulfonic acid ( 2 ). The isomeric 5-sulfonic acid ( 5 ) however is prepared solely by baking the acid sulfate salt of 1 . Reaction of sulfur dioxide with the diazonium chloride derived from 2-amino-4-nitro-1,3-dimethylbenzene ( 7 ) leads to 4-nitro-1,3-dimethylbenzene-2-sulfonyl chloride ( 8 ), which is successively hydrolyzed to 4-nitro-1,3-dimethylbenzene-2-sulfonic acid ( 9 ) and reduced to 4-amino-1, 3-dimethylbenzene-2-sulfonic acid ( 6 ). Treatment of 4-amino-6-bromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene ( 12 ) and 4-amino-6-chloro-1, 3-dimethylbenzene ( 13 ), the former obtained by reduction of 4-chloro-6-nitro-1,3-dimethyl-benzene ( 10 ) and the latter from 4-chloro-6-nitro-1, 3-dimethylbenzene ( 11 ), with oleum yield 4-amino-6-bromo-1,3-dimethylbenzene-2-sulfonic acid ( 14 ) and 4-amino-6-chloro-1,3-dimethylbenzene-2-sulfonic acid ( 15 ) respectively; subsequent carbon-halogen hydrogenolyses of 14 and 15 lead also to 6 (Scheme 1). Baking the acid sulfate salt of 2-amino-1, 3-dimethylbenzene ( 17 ) gives 2-amino-1, 3-dimethylbenzene-5-sulfonic acid ( 16 ), whereas the isomeric 4-sulfonic acid ( 18 ) can be prepared by either of the following three possible pathways: Sulfonation of 2-nitro-1,3-dimethylbenzene ( 20 ) to 2-nitro-1,3-dimethylbenzene-4-sulfonic acid ( 21 ) followed by reduction or sulfonation of 2-acetylamino-1,3-dimethylbenzene ( 19 ) to 2-acetylamino-1,3-dimethylbenzene-4-sulfonic acid ( 22 ) with subsequent hydrolysis or direct sulfonation of 17 . Further sulfonation of 18 yields 2-amino 1,3-dimethylbenzene-4,6-disulfonic acid ( 23 ), the structure of which is independently confirmed by reduction of unequivocally prepared 2-nitro- 1,:3-dimethylbenzene-4,6-disulfonic acid ( 24 )(Scheme 2).     

Notizen zur Synthese sulfonierter Derivate von 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1-naphthylamin und 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2-naphthylamin

Notes on the Synthesis of Sulfonated Derivatives of 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine and 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2-naphthylamine Sulfonation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine ( 1 ) with sulfuric acid gave a mixture of 1-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid ( 2 ), 4-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid ( 13 ) and 4-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid ( 3 ). The same reaction with 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthylamine ( 20 ) yielded 3-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid ( 21 ); formation of 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid ( 16 ) or of 3-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid ( 24 ) was not observed. Treatment of 4-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine ( 4 ) or of its 4-chloro analogue 5 with amidosulfuric acid gave 1-amino-4-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid ( 9 ) and its 4-chloro analogue 10 , respectively, which were dehalogenated to 2 . Preparations of 13 and 24 were achieved by sulfonation of 5-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene ( 14 ) and 6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene ( 22 ) to 4-nitro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid ( 15 ) and 3-nitro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid ( 23 ), respectively, followed by Béchamp reductions. The sulfonic acid 13 was also obtained by hydrogenolysis of 4-amino-1-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid ( 11 ) or of its 1-chloro analogue 12 ; compounds 11 and 12 were synthesized from N-(4-bromo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)acetamide ( 7 ) and from its 4-chloro analogue 8 , respectively, by sulfonation with oleum and subsequent hydrolysis. By ‘baking’ the hydrogensulfate salt of 1 or 20 compounds 3 and 21 were obtained, respectively. Synthesis of 16 was achieved by sulfur dioxide treatment of the diazonium chloride derived from 2-nitro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine ( 17 ) giving 2-nitro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride ( 18 ), followed by hydrolysis of 18 to the corresponding sulfonic acid 19 and final reduction.     

Zur Mikrobe Stimmung von Hydrazin und einigen seiner Derivate

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Synthese von Isosantalol und δ-Santalol

The syntheses of the title compounds are described. A short convergent synthesis leads from camphenilone to isosantalol (4). -Santalol (18) can be prepared step by step starting from isocamphenilanol9. Coupling reactions did not succeed. Some byproducts have been found. One of them possesses a cedarwood-like scent and the way of its formation is discussed. The odour properties of4 and18 are discussed briefly.     

Zur Synthese und Struktur von K3N

Synthesis and Structure of K₃N Two phases in the binary system K/N have been obtained via co‐deposition of potassium and nitrogen onto polished sapphire at 77 K and subsequent heating to room temperature. The powder diffraction pattern of one of these phases can be satisfactorily interpreted by assuming the composition K₃N, and the anti‐TiI₃ structure‐type, which is also adopted by Cs₃O. The resulting hexagonal lattice constants are: a = 779.8(2), c = 759.2(9) pm, Z = 2, P6₃/mcm. Comparison with possible structures of K₃N generated by computational methods and refined at Hartree‐Fock‐ and DFT level, reveals that the energetically most favoured structure has not formed (presumable Li₃P‐type), but instead one of those with very low density. In this respect, the findings for K₃N are analogous to the results on Na₃N. The thermal evolution of the deposited starting mixture has been investigated. Hexagonal K₃N transforms to another K/N phase at 233 K. Its XRD can be fully indexed resulting in an orthorhombic cell a = 1163, b = 596, c = 718 pm. Decomposition leaving elemental potassium as the only residue occurs at 263 K.     

Synthese des Isochinolins und seiner Derivate

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Synthese des Isochinolins und seiner Derivate

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Synthese und Kristallstruktur von LiPdAlF6 und PdZrF6

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of LiPdAlF₆ and PdZrF₆ . For the first time single crystals of the new compounds LiPdAlF₆ and PdZrF₆ have been obtained. LiPdAlF₆ (blue) crystallizes trigonal, space group P3 1c—D (No. 163; LiCaAlF₆-type [2]), in an ordered structure variant of the Li₂[ZrF₆]-structure [3], with a=497.21(9) pm, c=914.0(9) pm and Z=2. PdZrF₆ (also blue) is isotypic with LiSbF₆ [4] and crystallizes trigonal-rhomboedric with a=552,3(1) pm, c=1 447,5(4) pm, space group R 3 —C (No. 148) and Z=3.     

Synthese von chinoxalin- und indol-2,3-dicarbonsäureimiden

Quinoxaline- and indole-2,3-dicarboxyclic imides 7, 8 are prepared by reaction of halogenactive maleimides 1, 2 with sodium azide. Further derivatives of these heterocyclic series are available by secondary reactions of the imides.     

Zur Synthese von Human-Big-Gastrin I und seinem 32-Leucin-Analogon

The preparation of the pure tetratriacontapeptide amide 2 (human big gastrin I) and the analogue Leu³²-human big gastrin I from the crude synthetic materials obtained after deblocking of the overall protected tetratriacontapeptide amide derivatives by means of trifluoroacetic acid is described. The criteria for homogeneity obtained by chromatographic, electrophoretic, enzymatic and spectroscopic methods are reported.

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Abkürzungen HBG-I Human-Big-Gastrin I - LHBG-I 32-Leucin-Human-Big-Gastrin I - HBG-[1-20] N-terminale Teilsequenz [1–20] des Human-Big-Gastrins I - HG-17-I Human-Gastrin I - LHG-17-I 15-Leucin-Human-Gastrin I - HG-13-I Human-Minigastrin I - LHG-13-I 11-Leucin-Human-Minigastrin I Es werden hier die von der IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature empfohlenen Abkürzungen für Aminosäuren und Schutzgruppen verwendet.Andere Abkürzungen.Anm.: Auf Grund der kürzlich erfolgten Strukturkorrektur (R. A. Gregory, H. J. Tracy, J. I. Harris, M. J. Runswick, S. Moore, G. W. Kenner undR. Ramage, Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem.360, 73, 1979) sind HG-13-I und LHG-13-I neuderdings richtiger als Des-1-Tryptophan-Human-Minigastrin I bzw. [Des-1-Tryptophan]-11-Leucin-Human-Minigastrin I zu bezeichnen].Vorläufige Mitt.:E. Wünsch, G. Wendlberger, A. Hallett, E. Jaeger, S. Knof, L. Moroder, R. Scharf, I. Schmidt, P. Thamm undL. Wilschowitz, Z. Naturforsch.32c, 495 (1977).3. Mitt.:G. Wendlberger, L. Moroder, A. Hallett undE. Wünsch, Mh. Chem.110, 1407 (1979).     

Zur Synthese von Alkoxymethylenmalonitrilen,Tetracyanpropeniden und hochsubstituierten α-Aminopyridinen

Malononitrile reacts with triethyl orthoformate,-orthoacetate,-orthopropionate and-orthobenzoate, resp., in the presence of different amounts of pyridine to ethoxymethylene-malononitriles and pyridinium 1,1,3,3-tetracyano-propenides, resp. The latter can easily be cyclised to 2-amino-6-chloro-3,5-dicyano-(4-alkyl and aryl, resp.)-pyridines. The synthesis of the -aminopyridines can be carried out as one step reactions starting with malononitrile and orthoformate.