Ternary complexes of some phenoxyacetic acid herbicides and pyridines with metal ions of biological interest

Ternary complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with pyridine (Py) or 2-methyl pyridine (2-MePy) (primary ligand) and some phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, such as phenoxyacetic acid (PAA), 2-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (2-CPA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) (secondary ligands) have been studied in solution using a potentiometricpH-titration technique in order to test a complexation hypothesis of plant growth regulating activities of these herbicides. From stability constant data, the species distribution have been computed and it was found that the percentage of ternary complex (MAL) is about 60% of the totalM ²⁺ present at highpH indicating greater stability of these ternary complexes. TheMA ⁺ species (M ²⁺-Py andM ²⁺-2-MePy) have shown discriminating behaviour towards the next incoming secondary ligand containing O as donor atoms. Since the stabilities of biologically active (2-CPA, 2,4-D and2,4,5-T) and inactive (PAA) phenoxyacetic acid herbicides in binary (ML ₂) and ternary (MAL) metal complexes were found approximately of the same magnitude, chelation may not thus be the probable mode of action of these plant growth regulators.

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Ternäre Komplexe einiger Phenoxyessigsäure-Herbizide mit Pyridin und Metallionen von biologischer Bedeutung

Zusammenfassung Ternäre Komplexe von Co(II), Ni(II) und Cu(II) mit Pyridin (Py) oder 2-Methylpyridin (2-Me Py) als Primärliganden und einigen Herbiziden vom Phenoxyessigsäure-Typ [Phenoxyessigsäure (PAA), 2-Chlor-PAA (2-CPA), 2,4-Dichlor-PAA (2,4-D) und 2,4,5-Trichlor-PAA (2,4,5-T)] als Sekundärliganden wurden im Hinblick auf eine Komplexierungshypothese der pflanzenwuchssteuernden Wirkung dieser Herbizide mittels potentiometrischerpH-Titration untersucht. Aus den Stabilitätskonstanten wurden die Anteile der einzelnen Spezien in Lösung berechnet. Dabei wurden 60% an ternärem Komplex (MAL) — bezogen auf die totaleM ^2–-Menge — bei hohenpH-Werten festgestellt und damit die größere Stabilität dieser Komplexe gezeigt. DieMA ⁺-Spezies (M ²⁺-Py undM ²⁺-MePy) zeigte ein unterschiedliches Verhalten gegenüber dem nächsten chelierenden Liganden mit O als Donor. Da die Stabilitäten der biologisch aktiven (2-CPA, 2,4-D und2,4,5,-T) und inaktiven (PAA) Liganden in binären (ML ₂) und ternären (MAL) Metallkomplexen in der gleichen Größenordnung liegen, scheint die Komplexierung bei der Regulierung des Pflanzenwuchses bei diesen Herbiziden kein entscheidender Faktor zu sein.

     

Heteroligand complexes of some rare earth metals with CDTA and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids

Potentiometric evidence has been cited for the formation of heteroligand 1:1:1, ternary and 1:1:1:1, quaternary species in the systems M(III)-CDTA-CCA/MIA and M(III)-CDTA-CCA-MIA, respectively (M(III) = La(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Gd(III) or Dy(III); CDTA = cyclohexanediaminetetra-acetic acid; CCA = citraconic acid and MIA = maleic acid). The protonated mixed ligand complexes, existing in the low pH range, appear to undergo deprotonation resulting in the formation of normal chelates at comparatively higher pH. The formation constants log K_MLL′ and log K_MLL′L″, respectively, for ternary and quaternary species, formed by simultaneous addition of the ligands to the metal ion and deprotonation constants,-log K_A^H, for protonated ternary species have been evaluated at 27 ± 1°C and ionic concentration (μ) = 0.1 M KNO₃. The order of relative stabilities is La(III) < Pr(III) < Nd(III) < Gd(III) < Dy(III).     

稀土元素与NEB二元配合物的pH电位法分析

氨三乙氧基三苯甲酸(ＮＥＢ)(ＮＥＢ·ＨＣｌ的分子结构式见下图)作为有立体选择性的配体,它与铀酰离子ＵＯ2(Ⅱ)配位作用已有报导[1]。在对ＮＥＢ质子化常数及二元体系Ｍ(Ⅱ)-ＮＥＢ·ＨＣｌ(Ｍ=Ｃｄ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ和Ｚｎ)配合物的稳定常数测定的基础上[2],本文在25℃及离子强度为0 2ｍｏｌ/ＬＫＮＯ3的条件下,用精密ｐＨ电位法考察二元体系ＲＥ(ＩＩＩ)—ＮＥＢ(ＲＥ=Ｌａ→Ｎｄ,Ｓｍ→Ｌｕ,Ｙ)中存在的配合物物种及其稳定常数。ＮＥＢ·ＨＣｌ结构式1　实验部分1 1　试剂和仪器ＮＥＢ·ＨＣｌ(Ｈ3Ｌ·ＨＣｌ,Ｌ3-=Ｃ27Ｈ24ＮＯ9)…     

Stability constants of complexes of N-arylhydroxamic acids with some bivalent metal ions

Thermodynamic stability constants of complexes of Mn(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) with five closely related N-arylhydroxamic acids have been determined at 25 +/- 0.1 degrees in 50% v v aqueous dioxan medium. The stabilities of the complexes mostly follow the order of the basicity of the ligands and the electron affinities of the metal ions as measured by their second ionization potential.     

Spectrophotometric determination of chromium with 1,2-diaminocyclohexanetetraacetic acid

Chromium(III) forms a water-soluble complex with DCTA. The violet complex has maximum absorbance at 540 mμ and obeys Beer's law from 2 to 150 μg chromium per ml. The molar extinction coefficient is 245. Determinations of copper and chromium, cobalt and chromium, and nickel and chromium in presence of each other are described. The complex contains chromium and the reagent in a ratio of 1 : 1. The stability constant of the complex is 1.9·10²².     

Mixed ligand chelates of some rare earth metals with diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid and dicarboxylic acids

By means of potentiometric studies evidence was found for the formation of 1:1:1 ternary chelates of the type:M(III)-DTPA-dicarboxylic acids [M(III)=La(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Gd(III) or Dy(III); dicarboxylic acids = phthalic acid (PHA) or malonic acid (MLA)]. The formation constants (logK _MLL ) and free energies of formation (G°) have been evaluated. The order of stabilites with respect to the metal ions was La(III)MLA<PHA was observed.

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Gemischte Chelate einiger Selten-Erd-Metalle mit Diethylentriamin-pentaessigsäure und Dicarbonsäuren

Zusammenfassung Es wurden ternäre 1:1:1-Chelate folgenden Typs mittels potentiometrischer Untersuchungen nachgewiesen:M(III)-DTPA-Dicarbonsäure [M(III)=La(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Gd(III) oder Dy(III); Dicarbonsäure = Phthalsäure (PHA) oder Malonsäure (MLA)]. Die Komplexbildungskonstanten (K _ML) und die Bildungsenthalphien (G°) wurden bestimmt. Bezüglich der Stabilität der Komplexe ergaben sich folgende Reihungen: La(III)MLA<PHA.

     

Thermal properties of some complexes of quinolinic acid with divalent metal ions

Studies of the complexes of pyridinecarboxylic acids with divalent metal ions as a function of the position of the carboxyl groups were extended. The thermal properties of the complexes of quinoline acid (pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) with several divalent metal ions were determined by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). A correlation between these compounds and others obtained by reaction between the studied metal ions with similar acids (lutidinic acid (pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid) and isocinchomeronic acid (pyridine-2,5-di-carboxylic acid) is discussed in terms of the position of the carboxyl group far from the aza group. The thermal stability of the metal complexes is in the order Mn(II) > Fe(II) > Zn(II) ? Co(II) > Ni(II) > Cu(II).     

On-line dialysis of some metal ions and metal complexes

The effect of ionic strength, pH and complexing ligands on the dialysis of metal ions, particularly zinc(II), through cellulose acetate membranes, was studied under flow conditions. The dialysis factor, which depends on both the mass transfer and the membrane permeability, was found to be independence of ionic strength in the interaval 0.05–0.3 M and to increase only slightly with pH 4.6 and 7.0. Some common buffer constituents had no effect, but chloride and calcium ions affected the transfer rates. The rate of transfer of the ligands histidine, NTA and EDTA was of the same order of magnitude as that of the metal ions. The transfer rate of the Ni(II)-EDTA complex was the same as that of a mixture of Ni(II) and EDTA. Generally, addition of the chelating agents decreased the metal-ion transfer rates. Partition coefficients between the membrane polymer and the buffers were evaluated and compared with the dialysis factors and there were significant differences with regard to the range of variation, effect of concentration and pH-dependence. The time scale of uptake or release of metal ions by the polymer is much longer than that of a steady-state transfer in dialysis. Partition and dialysis may not be directly related to each other.     

Infrared and Raman spectroscopic and theoretical studies of nonaaqua complexes of trivalent rare earth metal ions

Infrared (IR), far-infrared (far-IR) and Raman spectra have been recorded of the hydrated lanthanide(III) trifluoromethanesulfonates, [Ln(OH2)9](CF3SO3)3, (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu), and also for the deuterated [La(OD2)9](CF3SO3)3 compound. This has enabled complete assignments of all seven metal-oxygen stretching modes for the first time. Force constant calculations have been performed for an LnO9(3+) moiety, with a tricapped trigonal prismatic oxygen atom arrangement in D3h point group symmetry. The lanthanide contraction in reflected in continuously increasing trends for the averaged LnO stretching frequencies and force constants with increasing inverse of ionic radii. The stretching force constants increased from 0.81 to 1.16 Ncm-1 for the LnO6 prism in the series from La to Lu, while those for the capping LnO3 bonds increased from 0.49 to 0.65 Ncm-1. The LnO stretching force constants showed a smooth correlation with the LnO bond distances to the prism oxygen atoms, while the correlation to the LnO capping oxygen atoms has a different shape, reflecting the increased ligand-ligand repulsion with decreasing lanthanide ion size.     

Ternary rare earth and actinoid transition metal carbides viewed as carbometalates

Ternary carbides A_xT_yC_z (A=rare earth metals and actinoids; T=transition metals) with monoatomic species C⁴⁻ as structural entities are classified according to the criteria (i) metal to carbon ratio, (ii) coordination number of the transition metal by carbon atoms, and (iii) the dimensionality of the anionic network [T_yC_z]ⁿ⁻. Two groups are clearly distinguishable, depending on the metal to carbon ratio. Those where this ratio is equal to or smaller than 2 may be viewed as carbometalates, thus extending the sequence of complex anions from fluoro-, oxo-, and nitridometalates to carbometalates. The second group, metal-rich carbides with metal to carbon ratios equal to or larger than 4 is better viewed as typical intermetallics (“interstitial carbides”). The chemical bonding properties have been investigated by analyzing the Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (COHP). The chemical bonding situation with respect to individual T-C bonds is similar in both classes. The main difference is the larger number of metal-metal bonds in the crystal structures of the metal-rich carbides.     

Thermal decomposition of rare earth complexes with o-aminobenzoic acid

The conditions of thermal decomposition of La, Ce(III), Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu anthranilates have been studied. The anhydrous La, Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd and Sm anthranilates decompose in one step directly to the oxides Ln₂O₃, CeO₂ or Pr₆O₁₁. The monoand dihydrated anthranilates of the remaining rare earths first lose crystallization water when heated, and then decompose exothermally to the oxides Ln₂O₃ or Tb₄O₇.

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Zusammenfassung Die Bedingungen der thermischen Zersetzung der Anthranilate von La, Ce(III), Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb und Lu wurden untersucht. Die wasserfreien Anthranilate von La, Ce(III), Pr(III) und Nd zersetzen sich in einem Schritt direkt zu den Oxiden Ln₂O₃, CeO₂ und Pr₆O₁₁. Die ein oder zwei Kristallwasser enthaltenden Anthranilate der übrigen seltenen Erdmetalle werden beim Erhitzen zunächst dehydratisiert und danach exotherm zu den Oxiden Ln₂O₃ und Tb₄O₇ abgebaut.

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, . , , Ln₂O₃, CeO₂ Pr₆O₁₁. - Ln₂O₃ Tb₄O₇.

     

混合稀土离子的毛细管电泳电导法分离检测

采用高效毛细管电泳电导检测法分离检测了稀土离子。以醋酸-醋酸钠为背景电解质,4-吗啉乙磺酸（MES）为络合剂,在24kV的高压下,7种稀土离子得到子较好的分离。考察了背景电解质的pH和浓度,络合剂的浓度,分离电压等对稀土离子分离的影响。在选定的实验条件下,7种烯土离子在10min内守成分离检测。     

Thermochemical properties of the rare earth complexes with pyromellitic acid

Fourteen rare earth complexes with pyromellitic acid were synthesized and characterized by means of chemical and elemental analysis, and TG–DTG. The constant-volume combustion energies of complexes, Δ_cU, were measured by a precise rotating-bomb calorimeter (RBC-type II). Their standard molar enthalpies of combustion, , and standard molar enthalpies of formation, , were calculated at T = 298.15 K. The relationship of and with the atomic numbers of the elements in the lanthanide series was examined. The results show that a certain amount of covalence is present in the chemical bond between rare earth cations and the ligand.     

Thermal decomposition of rare earth complexes withm-aminobenzoic acid

The conditions of thermal decomposition of the m-aminobenzoates of Y, La, Ce(III), Pr, Nd and Sm-Lu, Ln(C₆H₄NH₂COO)₃.nH₂O (n=4–6), have been studied.The hydrated compounds lose all molecules of crystallization water in one stage at 333–413 K. The anhydrous compounds are stable up to 570 K and are then decomposed exothermically to oxides.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Bedingungen für die thermische Zersetzung derm-Aminobenzoate Ln(C₆H₄NH₂COO)₃.nH₂O (n=4–6) von Y, La, Ce(III), Pr, Nd und Sm-Lu untersucht. Alle Verbindungen geben ihr Kristallwasser in einem Schritt bei einer Temperatur zwischen 333 und 413 K ab. Die wasserfreien Verbindungen sind bis 570 K stabil und zersetzen sich dann exotherm unter Entstehung von Oxiden.

     

Thermal decomposition of some rare earth metal cupferrates and neocupferrates

The thermal decomposition of the eupferrates and neocupferrates of europium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, and ytterbium was studied on the thermobalance. The metal chelates possessed poor thermal stability as well as a pronounced tendency to Coprecipitate reagent. The minimum oxide level temperatures for the metal cupferrates were : Eu, 570°; Tb, 540°; Dy, 550°; Ho, 610°; Er, 550° and Yb, 520°. The minimum oxide level temperatures for the metal neocupferrates were: Eu, 560°; Tb 565°; Dy, 540°; Ho,445°; Er, 530°; and Yb, 485°.