火龙果茎化学成分的GC-MS/ICP-MS分析

采用GC-MS/ICP-MS分析火龙果茎的化学成分,确定了其中的有机成分,并对所含的12种无机元素进行定量分析.结果表明,火龙果鲜茎含有多种人体必需的微量元素,以及大量的植醇、维生素E及各种植物甾醇,有很高的利用价值和广阔的开发前景.     

分光光度法测定火龙果茎中的植物甾醇

建立了Liebennann-Burchard显色法测定火龙果茎中植物甾醇含量的方法.以豆甾醇为标样,植物甾醇含量在0.02～0.20 mg/mL范围内,服从比耳定律,回归方程为A=4.489σ+0.0339,相关系数R=0.9997,方法的回收率为98.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.8%(n=5).     

NMR和分子模拟研究二乙基丙二酸茚类衍生物中二乙基官能团的CH2CH3自旋系统

在研究用炔基丙二酸亲电环化反应来高区域选择性和立体选择性合成丙二酸茚类衍生物的过程中,发现一些二乙基丙二酸茚衍生物二乙基官能团上的CH2和CH3质子显示出非常有趣的自旋-自旋耦合以及信号裂分现象,以往没有相关文献对这种现象给予报道.为阐述这些发现,在本文中我们合成了几个二乙基丙二酸茚类衍生物,并用NMR和分子模拟研究了这几个化合物二乙基上的CH2CH3自旋系统.结果显示：在这些化合物中,二乙基上的CH2CH3自旋系统可以以各种类型存在（AMX3,ABX3以及A2X3）,而且炔基末端取代的苯基的芳香环电流效应是引起这些有趣的自旋现象的主要原因.     

NMR和分子模拟研究二乙基丙二酸茚类衍生物中二乙基官能团的CH_2CH_3自旋系统

在研究用炔基丙二酸亲电环化反应来高区域选择性和立体选择性合成丙二酸茚类衍生物的过程中,发现一些二乙基丙二酸茚衍生物二乙基官能团上的CH2和CH3质子显示出非常有趣的自旋-自旋耦合以及信号裂分现象,以往没有相关文献对这种现象给予报道.为阐述这些发现,在本文中我们合成了几个二乙基丙二酸茚类衍生物,并用NMR和分子模拟研究了这几个化合物二乙基上的CH2CH3自旋系统.结果显示:在这些化合物中,二乙基上的CH2CH3自旋系统可以以各种类型存在(AMX3,ABX3以及A2X3),而且炔基末端取代的苯基的芳香环电流效应是引起这些有趣的自旋现象的主要原因.     

大豆甾醇及其异构体的分离与鉴定

筛选出适合分离大豆甾醇的最佳反相色谱柱W aters symm etry C18(4.6mm×250mm)和流动相(乙腈-异丙醇,95∶5,V/V),考察了流动相配比和柱温对大豆甾醇分离的影响。从大豆甾醇产品中基线分离出豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇和菜油甾醇及菜籽甾醇这4种主要甾醇,还通过对分离出的其它多个未知峰馏分收集制备后作GC/MS分析,鉴定为γ-谷甾醇、24-β-菜油甾醇、表菜籽甾醇和豆甾醇异构体。在优化的色谱条件下,利用HPLC测定了大豆油和脱臭馏出物及大豆甾醇产品的部分样品中各甾醇组分的含量,豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇的检出限为14.4 ng和10.6 ng,HPLC测定大豆油样品中这2种甾醇的平均回收率为97.3%和96.9%。     

硝基甲烷异构化反应势能面的ab initio研究

在B3LYP/6-311+ +G(2d,2p)水平上,优化得到硝基甲烷CH3NO2的10种异构体和23个异构化反应过渡态,并用G2MP2方法进行了单点能计算.根据计算得到的G2MP2相对能量,探讨了CH3NO2势能面上异构化反应的微观机理.研究表明,反应初始阶段的CH3NO2异构化过程具有较高的能垒,其中CH3NO2的两个主要异构化反应通道,即CH3NO2→CH3ONO和CH3NO2→CH2N(O)OH的活化能分别为270.3和267.8 kJ/mol,均高于CH3NO2的C-N键离解能.因而,从动力学角度考虑, CH3NO2的异构化反应较为不利.     

螺桨烷型分子BX[(CH_2)_n]_3和BX(CH_2)[CH(CH_2)_nCH](X=N,P)的结构和性质

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了螺桨烷型分子BX[(CH2)n]3和BX(CH2)[CH(CH2)n CH](X=N,P;n=1-6)的结构、稳定性、化学键和电子光谱性质.计算结果表明这些分子都是稳定的.BX[(CH2)n]3(X=N,P;n=1-6)的最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)和最低空分子轨道(LUMO)之间的能隙均大于5.20 eV,其中BN[CH2]3和BP[CH2]3的能隙超过7.0 eV,与C5H6的能隙(7.27 eV)很接近,BX(CH2)[CH(CH2)n CH](X=N,P;n=1-6)的能隙在6.80 eV左右.所研究分子能量的二阶差分表明BN[(CH2)3]3、BP[(CH2)4]3及BX(CH2)[CH(CH2)2CH](X=N,P)是最稳定的.BX[(CH2)n]3的Wiberg键级表明除了BN[(CH2)n]3(n=2和6)中不存在B―N键,其它化合物中B和N均形成了化学键,BP[(CH2)n]3中除了BP[(CH2)2]3不存在B―P键,其它的均存在.电子密度的拓扑分析表明N―B键属于离子键,而P―B键具有共价键特征.BX[(CH2)n]3(X=N,P)的第一垂直激发能分别在191.1-284.8 nm和191.8-270.1 nm之间,BX(CH2)[CH(CH2)n CH](X=N,P)的第一垂直激发能分别在190.5-199.7 nm和209.0-221.3 nm之间.     

线性氟代烷烃电子相关能的基团加和性

应用Meld 程序在MP2-OPT2/6-311++G(d)水平计算了线性氟代烷烃分子CH3(CH2)mF(m=0-5)中—CH3、—CH2—和—F基团电子相关能贡献值. 计算结果表明, 在CH3(CH2)mF(m=0-5)体系中, 端基—F、—CH3基团电子相关能贡献值Ecorr(—F)和Ecorr(—CH3)随着m的增大而逐渐减小. 分子中α位置—CH2—基团电子相关能贡献值Ecorr(—CH2—)大于其他位置的贡献值. 通过计算结果可以推断, 在CH3(CH2)mF体系中随着m的逐渐增大, 远离端基—F的—CH2—基团电子相关能贡献值逐渐减小并将趋于不变, 此—CH2—基团可看作一个标准的亚甲基且其Ecorr(—CH2—)的数值在CH3(CH2)mF体系中具有传递性. 应用Meld程序在MP2-OPT2/6-311++G(d)水平对CH3(CH2)mF(m=2-5)体系的计算结果和应用Gaussian 98程序在MP2/6-311++G(d)//HF/6-311++G(d)水平对CH3(CH2)mF(m=2-10)体系的计算结果均表明, 体系总电子相关能与体系中(m-1)数值呈线性关系.     

分子自组装法制备具有可控浸润性的铜表面简

通过简单浸泡的方法在铜基底上制备出了具有微纳米复合结构的氧化铜,再利用混合硫醇溶液[含HS(CH2)9CH3和 HS(CH2)11OH]对浸泡后的表面进行修饰,通过控制溶液中HS(CH2)11OH的浓度,制备出一系列具有不同浸润性的铜表面,实现表面从超疏水到超亲水的有效调控. 研究发现,表面浸润的可控性源于表面复合结构与不同化学组成的协同作用,微纳米复合结构的存在为表面浸润性的调节提供了必要的条件.     

溶剂对三(苯并咪唑-2-甲基)胺和间苯二胺四乙酸的铜配合物晶体结构的影响

本文利用三(苯并咪唑-2-甲基)胺和间苯二胺四乙酸为配体与硝酸铜在CH3COCH3/CH3OH/H2O混合溶液中反应得到配合物[Cu(ntb)(H2mpda)].0.5CH3COCH3.2H2O(1),在DMF/CH3OH/H2O混合溶液中反应得到配合物[Cu(ntb)(H2mpda)].DMF.CH3OH.2H2O(2)(ntb=三(苯并咪唑-2-甲基)胺,H4mpda=间苯二胺四乙酸)。2个配合物的中心的铜离子分别与1个ntb配体的4个氮原子和1个H2mpda的氧原子配位形成三角双锥的配位构型。受溶剂的影响,配合物中配体的相对位置和构象有较大的区别,配合物2的配位构型更加扭曲。两个配合物均通过氢键连接形成不同的复杂三维网络。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。