首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
利用离子速度成像方法, 研究n-C7H15Br分子在231~239 nm范围内几个波长处的光解离动力学. 通过同一束激光经(2+1)共振多光子电离(REMPI)过程探测光解碎片Br(2P3/2)和Br*(2P1/2), 得到了不同激光波长处的离子速度分布图像, 从而获得C7H15Br光解产物的能量分配和角度分布. 结合各向异性参数和量子产率, 计算了n-C7H15Br分子在234 nm波长下不同解离通道的比例. 实验表明光解产物的能量分配可以用冲击模型中的软碰撞模型来解释. 实验还发现, 各向异性参数β(Br*)的值对光波长变化很敏感, 这是由电子激发态的绝热和非绝热过程决定的.  相似文献   

2.
采用 266 nm紫外激光对间氟溴苯和对氟溴苯进行了光解动力学研究,在多个角度探测了光解碎片 Br和 C6H4F的时间飞渡谱 (TOF).从光解碎片的平动能分布 P(Et)可以得到:间氟溴苯和对氟溴苯大约有 46.8%和 41.7%的可资用能分配到碎片的平动能,其余的分配到碎片的内能;且各向异性参数被确定为 0.7和- 0.4.为了更好地解释实验结果,我们利用从头计算方法对反应体系进行了计算,并与实验结果吻合 .由此,我们提出了比较合理的光解机理且对氟原子的取代效应进行了讨论 .  相似文献   

3.
2-溴噻吩和3-溴噻吩在267nm的C—Br键解离机理   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用离子速度影像技术,研究了2-溴噻吩和3-溴噻吩两种同分异构体在267 nm激光作用下的C-Br键解离机理,获得了光解产物Br(2P3/2)和Br*(2p1/2)的能量和角度分布,分析了两异构分子在267 nm的C-Br键解离通道.对于2-溴噻吩和3-溴噻吩,产物Br来源于三个通道:(i)从单重激发态系间窜跃到排斥的三重激发态的快速预解离;(ii)单重激发态内转化到高振动基态的热解离;(iii)母体分子多光子电离后的解离.2-溴噻吩的产物Br*具有类似的产生机制;但对于3-溴噻吩,从激发态内转换到高振动基态发生热解离成为产物Br*的主导通道,而来自激发三重态的快速预解离通道则几乎消失.定量地给出了各个通道的相对贡献、能量分配及各向异性分布信息.实验发现,随着溴原子在噻吩上取代位置远离硫原子,来自通道(i)和(ii)产物之间的比例明显减小,相应的各向异性分布有变弱趋势.  相似文献   

4.
Heat capacities of Pr(NCS)3·7H2O and Nd(NCS)3· 7H2O haw been measured from 13 to 300 K by using a fully automated adiabatic calorimeter. Schottky anomaly was observed for Pr(NCS)3·7H2O below 50 K. The polynomial equations for calculating the heat capacity values of the two compounds in the range of 13-300 K were obtained by the least-squares fitting based on the experimental Cp data. The Cp values below 13 K were estimated by using the Debye-Einstein and Schottky heat capacity functions. The standard molar thermodynamic functions were computed from 0 to 300 K. The standard entropies and Gibbs energies of formation of the two compounds were also calculated.  相似文献   

5.
本文利用流动余辉技术研究了亚稳态He(2^3S)与CH3I和CH3Br传能时分子的解离激发过程。实验中测定了产物的相对分布、CH(A, v'=0)的转动布居和主要碎片的形成速率常数。  相似文献   

6.
本文利用流动余辉技术研究了亚稳态He(2^3S)与CH3I和CH3Br传能时分子的解离激发过程。实验中测定了产物的相对分布、CH(A, v'=0)的转动布居和主要碎片的形成速率常数。  相似文献   

7.
黄远婷  陈迁 《有机化学》2021,(11):4138-4153
含有C(sp3)—P键的有机磷化合物被广泛应用于有机合成、生物有机和药物化学、农药、阻燃剂和萃取剂等领域中.近年来, C—H键的直接磷酰化受到了广泛关注,该策略在构建C—P键中显示出更为简洁、高效和原子经济性等优势.综述了自2009年以来以仲膦氧化物和亚磷酸酯为磷源的C(sp3)—H磷酰化反应的研究进展,根据C(sp3)—H键的类型,对磷酰化反应分为五类进行介绍.  相似文献   

8.
张丙  惠丹屏  李英宣  赵赫  王传义 《催化学报》2017,(12):2039-2047
自从分解水产氢被首次报道以来,许多光催化剂被开发出来并用于光催化分解水产氢.然而,由于光生电子和空穴的复合率普遍较高,大部分的光催化剂分解水产氢效率都很低.因此,开发新型高效的光催化材料至关重要.具有(Bi_2O_2)~(2+)(A_(m-1)M_mO_(3m+1))~(2-)通式的Aurivillius相层状钙钛矿材料因具有独特的层状结构、元素可调性以及优异的电荷传输和分离能力而广泛应用于光催化分解水和去除有机污染物.此外,当该类层状钙钛矿被剥离成超薄纳米片时,其光催化性能进一步提高.为了进一步提高层状钙钛矿的载流子分离能力,将客体(如贵金属,半导体等)通过化学反应的途径插入到层状钙钛矿的层间区域,从而合成出复合层状钙钛矿被广泛发展和应用.然而,引入的客体主要是贵金属和半导体,这类客体的高成本和不均匀分布制约了其进一步的应用.由于廉价、无毒和稳定等优点,镍基材料如Ni,NiO,Ni_2O_3,NiS,NiS_2,Ni(OH)2和Ni(OH)x等被广泛用作增强电极材料的光电性能和催化剂的光催化分解水产氢性能的助催化剂.本文采用简单的原位化学反应法制备出镍基配合物Ni-CH_3CH_2NH_2(Ni-EA)插层的Ni-CH_3CH_2NH_2/H_(1.78)Sr_(0.78)Bi_(0.22)Nb_2O_7(Ni-EA/HSNNs)复合层状钙钛矿;然后采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱等手段对Ni-EA/HSNNs光催化剂进行了系统的研究.XRD结果表明,引入Ni~(2+)后,HSNNs层间距减小并且平行于钙钛矿层的晶面结晶度增强,证明HSNNs沿垂直于钙钛矿层的方向出现了层层组装.FTIR和XPS结果表明,引入的Ni~(2+)与HSNNs层间和表面的乙胺分子之间存在较强的相互作用,结合高分辨透射电镜图可知,Ni的存在形态可能为配合物Ni-EA.由此可见,当向HSNNs中引入Ni~(2+)时,Ni~(2+)和HSNNs层间和表面的乙胺分子反应生成带正电的配合物Ni-EA,由于Ni-EA与HSNNs的钙钛矿层带有异种电荷,两者之间存在较强的静电相互作用力,从而引起钙钛矿纳米片HSNNs的层层组装,最后形成Ni-EA/HSNNs复合层状钙钛矿.光催化分解水产氢性能测试结果表明,当引入0.5 wt%Ni时,复合层状钙钛矿表现出最优的光催化性能.与HSNNs(241.58μmol/h)相比,0.5%Ni-EA/HSNNs的光催化分解水产氢速率(372.67μmol/h)提高了0.54倍,表现出与0.5%Pt/HSNNs可比拟的光催化活性,可见,非贵金属Ni具有替代贵金属Pt的能力.进一步的研究表明,镍基配合物Ni-EA显著增强了催化剂的光生载流子的传输和分离能力,从而提高了其光催化分解水产氢性能.该文为光催化分解水产氢提供了一种简便的合成非贵金属配合物助催化剂的方法.  相似文献   

9.
N2的解离化学吸附是工业合成氨的速控步骤.基于最近构建的六维势能面,本文研究了N2的初始振动激发和转动激发在Fe(111)表面的反应性的作用.由于该反应具有重要的量子效应,通过六维量子动力学计算研究了入射能量低于1.6 eV时振动激发的效应.并采用准经典轨线计算揭示了高入射能量下的振动和转动激发的影响.通过这些研究发现增加平动能量在一定程度上能提高解离几率,振动激发或转动激发能更有效地促进解离.这项研究为重原子分子-表面反应的模式特异性动力学提供了有价值的见解.  相似文献   

10.
采用了一种真空辅助沉淀法制备Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O,并以此进一步合成粒径尺寸在400 nm左右LiFePO4颗粒.研究了Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O对于磷酸铁锂的形貌、结构、电化学性能的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,真空辅助制备的Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O具有高纯度,以此制备的LiFePO4具有高结晶度和纯度.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果表明,真空辅助制备的Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O具有未完全发育的颗粒,以此制备的LiFePO4均匀无硬团聚.透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果显示真空辅助制备的LiFePO4包覆一层均匀的碳.真空制备的LiFePO4显示了优异的电化学性能,在1C、10C、20C倍率下的容量分别为140、113、100 mAh·g-1.真空制备的LiFePO4的循环伏安曲线显示了小的极化电压和尖锐的氧化峰.充放电平台曲线表明真空对LiFePO4高倍率性能起到重要作用.电化学阻抗谱(EIS)计算结果显示,真空和非真空制备的LiFePO4的锂离子扩散系数分别为1.42×10-13和4.22×10-14cm2·s-1,说明真空辅助能够提高LiFePO4的扩散系数.  相似文献   

11.
利用离子速度影像技术, 研究了2-溴噻吩和3-溴噻吩两种同分异构体在267 nm激光作用下的C—Br键解离机理, 获得了光解产物Br(2P3/2)和Br*(2P1/2)的能量和角度分布, 分析了两异构分子在267 nm 的C—Br键解离通道. 对于2-溴噻吩和3-溴噻吩, 产物Br来源于三个通道: (i) 从单重激发态系间窜跃到排斥的三重激发态的快速预解离; (ii)单重激发态内转化到高振动基态的热解离; (iii) 母体分子多光子电离后的解离. 2-溴噻吩的产物Br*具有类似的产生机制; 但对于3-溴噻吩, 从激发态内转换到高振动基态发生热解离成为产物Br*的主导通道, 而来自激发三重态的快速预解离通道则几乎消失. 定量地给出了各个通道的相对贡献、能量分配及各向异性分布信息. 实验发现, 随着溴原子在噻吩上取代位置远离硫原子, 来自通道(i)和(ii)产物之间的比例明显减小, 相应的各向异性分布有变弱趋势.  相似文献   

12.
C-Br bond dissociation mechanisms of 2-bromothiophene and 3-bromothiophene at 267 nm were investigated using ion velocity imaging technique. Translational energy distributions and angular distributions of the photoproducts, Br(2P3/2) and Br*(2P½), were obtained and the possible dissociation channels were analyzed. For these two bromothiophenes, the Br fragments were produced via three channels: (i) the fast predissociation following the intersystem crossing from the excited singlet state to repulsive triplet state; (ii) the hot dissociation on highly vibrational ground state following the internal conversion of the excited singlet state; and (iii) the dissociation following the multiphoton ionization of the parent molecules. Similar channels are involved for photoproduct Br* of the 2-bromothiophene dissociation at 267 nm; whereas for the photoproduct Br* of 3-bromothiophene, the dissociation channel via internal conversion from the excited singlet state to highly vibrational ground state became dominating and the fast predissociation channel via the excited triplet state almost disappeared. Informations about the relative contribution, energy disposal, and the anisotropy of each channel were quantitatively given. It was found that with the position of Br atom in thienyl being far from S atom, the relative ratios of products from channels (i) and (ii) decreased obviously and the anisotropies corresponding to each channel became weaker.  相似文献   

13.
利用离子速度影像技术结合共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)技术, 研究了邻溴甲苯在234和267 nm激光作用下的光解机理. 平动能分布表明, 基态Br(2P3/2)和自旋轨道激发态Br*(2P1/2)产生于两个解离通道: 快通道和慢通道. 快通道的各向异性参数在234 nm分别为1.15(Br)和0.55(Br*), 在267 nm分别为0.90(Br)和0.60(Br*). 慢通道的各向异性参数在234 nm分别为0.12(Br)和0.14(Br*), 在267 nm分别为0.11(Br)和0.10(Br*). 源自于慢通道的Br和Br*碎片的各向异性弱于快通道. Br(2P3/2)的相对量子产率Φ(Br)在234 nm为0.67, 在267 nm为0.70. 邻溴甲苯在234 和267 nm光解主要产生基态产物Br(2P3/2). 快通道产生于(π, π*)束缚单重态被激发, 随后通过排斥性(n, σ*)态的预解离. 慢通道各向异性参数接近零, 由此证实慢通道来源于单重激发态内转换到高振动基态而引发的热解离.  相似文献   

14.
ZnO超微粒子光催化氧化降解n-C7H16的研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
利用ZnO光催化氧化技术对气相n-C7H16进行了降解研究,考察了氧气、水燕气体积分数等因素对n-C7H16光催化氧化的影响,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪和气相色谱仪对气相光催化反应过程中的气体组成进行了定性分析,并对主要中间产物丙醛进行了定量分析,结果发现,ZnO超微粒子光催化氧化n-C7H16的降解率较高,n-C7H16绝大部分被完全氧化成CO2,探讨了n-C7H16光催化氧化反尖的动力学行为及机理。  相似文献   

15.
Velocity ion imaging (see figure) is used to analyze the photodissociation mechanism of 1‐C4H9I (left image) and 2‐C4H9I (right image) at 266 nm. For 2‐C4H9I, a new channel for formation of I and I* atoms is observed. It is attributed to the repulsive mode along the C? I stretch, coupled with some bending motions.

  相似文献   


16.
The synthesis and reactivity of a CoI pincer complex [Co(?3P,CH,P‐P(CH)PNMeiPr)(CO)2]+ featuring an η2‐ Caryl?H agostic bond is described. This complex was obtained by protonation of the CoI complex [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CO)2]. The CoIII hydride complex [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CNtBu)2(H)]+ was obtained upon protonation of [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CNtBu)2]. Three ways to cleave the agostic C?H bond are presented. First, owing to the acidity of the agostic proton, treatment with pyridine results in facile deprotonation (C?H bond cleavage) and reformation of [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CO)2]. Second, C?H bond cleavage is achieved upon exposure of [Co(?3P,CH,P‐P(CH)PNMeiPr)(CO)2]+ to oxygen or TEMPO to yield the paramagnetic CoII PCP complex [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CO)2]+. Finally, replacement of one CO ligand in [Co(?3P,CH,P‐P(CH)PNMeiPr)(CO)2]+ by CNtBu promotes the rapid oxidative addition of the agostic η2‐Caryl?H bond to give two isomeric hydride complexes of the type [Co(PCPNMeiPr)(CNtBu)(CO)(H)]+.  相似文献   

17.
HNCS与CH2(X2Π)反应微观动力学的理论研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用量子化学密度泛函理论的UB3LYP/6-311+G**方法和高级电子相关的UQCISD(T)/6-311+G**方法研究了异硫氰酸(HNCS)与乙炔基自由基(C2H(X2Π))反应的微观机理. 采用双水平直接动力学方法IVTST-M, 获取反应的势能面信息, 应用正则变分过渡态理论并考虑小曲率隧道效应, 计算了在250~2500 K温度范围内反应的速率常数. 研究结果表明, HNCS与C2H(X2Π)反应为多通道、多步骤的复杂反应, 共存在三个可能的反应通道, 主反应通道为通过分子间H原子迁移, 生成主要产物NCS+C2H2. 反应速率常数随温度升高而增大, 表现为正温度效应. 速率常数计算中变分效果很小. 在低温区隧道效应对反应速率的贡献较大, 反应为放热反应.  相似文献   

18.
Single crystals of Sr[B(C6H5O7)2](H2O)4 · 3H2O, a new borate‐citrate material, were grown with sizes up to 8 × 6 × 2 mm by slow evaporation of water at room temperature. The structure of Sr[B(C6H5O7)2](H2O)4 · 3H2O was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with a = 11.363(3) Å, b = 18.829(4) Å, c = 11.976(3) Å, β = 110.736(3)°, and Z = 4. The SrO8 dodecahedra, BO4 tetrahedra and citrate groups are linked together to form chains. The compound was characterized by IR and UV/Vis/NIR transmittance spectroscopy as well as thermal analysis.  相似文献   

19.
In March 2013, a novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus emerged in China. By March 2021, it had infected more than 1500 people, raising concerns regarding its epidemic potential. Similar to the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus, the H7N9 virus causes severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in most patients. Moreover, genetic analysis showed that this avian H7N9 virus carries human adaptation markers in the hemagglutinin and polymerase basic 2 (PB2) genes associated with cross-species transmissibility. Clinical studies showed that a single mutation, neuraminidase (NA) R292K (N2 numbering), induces resistance to peramivir in the highly pathogenic H7N9 influenza A viruses. Therefore, to evaluate the risk for human public health and understand the possible source of drug resistance, we assessed the impact of the NA-R292K mutation on avian H7N9 virus resistance towards peramivir using various molecular dynamics approaches. We observed that the single point mutation led to a distorted peramivir orientation in the enzyme active site which, in turn, perturbed the inhibitor’s binding. The R292K mutation induced a decrease in the interaction among neighboring amino acid residues when compared to its wild-type counterpart, as shown by the high degree of fluctuations in the radius of gyration. MM/GBSA calculations revealed that the mutation caused a decrease in the drug binding affinity by 17.28 kcal/mol when compared to the that for the wild-type enzyme. The mutation caused a distortion of hydrogen bond-mediated interactions with peramivir and increased the accessibility of water molecules around the K292 mutated residue.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号