丝光沸石骨架中Fe的XAFS表征

通过水热法合成了骨架含铁的杂原子丝光沸石,采用XRD,FT-IR及TPR等表征技术确认铁进入了分子筛骨架。利用XAFS地分子筛中铁的精细结构和配位环境进行了表征和计算,近边吸收的Fe-K边前跃迁证实铁在分子筛骨架中位于四面体配位环境中,与邻近原子存在共价键作用;铁-氧配位键长为0.188～0.189nm.     

疏水硅沸石Silicalite-I)结构性质的表征

用粉末XRD, FT-IR, 29^Si MAS NMR, 对高硅HZSM-5沸石及疏水硅沸石Silicalite I进行结构性质表征。在室温下, 疏水硅沸石具有ZSM-5的单斜对称性。它的红外骨架振动谱及高分辨29^Si固体核磁共振谱均显示出高的分辨率。在红外光谱中, 3700和3500cm^-1左右的表面Si-OH基振动消失。表明疏水硅沸石晶格中的[SiO~4]四面体排列完美。由-Si-O-Si-构成的微也表面, 具有优良的疏水性。     

疏水硅沸石Silicalite-I)结构性质的表征

用粉末XRD, FT-IR, 29^Si MAS NMR, 对高硅HZSM-5沸石及疏水硅沸石Silicalite I进行结构性质表征。在室温下, 疏水硅沸石具有ZSM-5的单斜对称性。它的红外骨架振动谱及高分辨29^Si固体核磁共振谱均显示出高的分辨率。在红外光谱中, 3700和3500cm^-1左右的表面Si-OH基振动消失。表明疏水硅沸石晶格中的[SiO~4]四面体排列完美。由-Si-O-Si-构成的微也表面, 具有优良的疏水性。     

CXN天然沸石的研究Ⅲ.新型 LiCl/H-STI主/客体固电解质的制 备与表征

利用自发热扩散法,将易潮解流失的LiCl(客体)固全到CXN沸石改所得的H－STI沸石(主体)上,形成新型主/客体材料,粉未XRD,SEM,FT-IR和TG/STA等方法表征显示LiCl已经分散到H－STI孔道中,实现了客体的稳定化,其分散阈值0.14g/g。负载量为阈值的样品在绝湿条件下的电导率比主体H－STI提高了四个数量级,是一种良好的固体电解质。     

CXN天然沸石的研究Ⅲ.新型 LiCl/H-STI主/客体固电解质的制 备与表征

利用自发热扩散法,将易潮解流失的LiCl(客体)固全到CXN沸石改所得的H－STI沸石(主体)上,形成新型主/客体材料,粉未XRD,SEM,FT-IR和TG/STA等方法表征显示LiCl已经分散到H－STI孔道中,实现了客体的稳定化,其分散阈值0.14g/g。负载量为阈值的样品在绝湿条件下的电导率比主体H－STI提高了四个数量级,是一种良好的固体电解质。     

TiO~2修饰的介孔分子筛MCM-41的合成、表征及光 催化性研究

首次以三种不同的含钛有机物为氧化钛的前驱体,合成了三种TiO~2呈单层分散状态的TiO~2修饰的介孔分子筛MCM-41,并以XRD,FT-IR,液氮温度下N~2吸附-脱附曲线,固体UV-vis漫反射等表征手段对其结构特征和氧化钛分散状态进行了研究。TiO~2在介孔分子筛MCM-41孔道中分散,MCM-41仍能保持骨架结构,没有晶相TiO~2生成;TiO~2与MCM-41孔道表面的≡Si－OH以化学键连接,生成Si－O－Ti键;TiO~2在MCM-41内孔壁呈均匀单层分散状态;TiO~2粒子的减小使其对紫外光的吸收发生明显的蓝移现象。并以苯酚降解反应为模型检验合成的具有光催化性的TiO~2修饰的MCM-41的光催化活性。     

脱铝Y型沸石铝化的研究

以不同浓度的KOH溶液分别处理SDY和EDY制备了ASDY和AEDY系列样品。然后采用XRD, FTIR, NH3TPD, 低温N2吸附及正庚烷裂解反应来表征ASDY和AEDY样品的孔结构, 酸性及催化性能的变化。证实了KOH溶液溶解非骨架铝后, 铝原子重新进入SDY的骨架, 导致Si/Al比降低。而且还发现在一定浓度的KOH溶液处理SDY时, 有部分骨架Si被脱出。在没有外加铝源的情况下, KOH溶液也可以铝化EDY样品, KOH溶液首先溶解EDY表面相及二次孔周围的沸石骨架, 然后这些溶解下来的铝碎片再填充到EDY的骨架空位中去, 致使其Si/Al比降低。     

新型两亲性含钛β沸石的制备与表征

将Ti-β沸石经过正十八烷基三氯硅烷改性制得两亲性含钛β沸石，并通过 XRD，FT-IR，UV-vis和N_2吸附-脱附等手段对其进行了表征。同改性前样品相比， 制备出的两亲性含钛β沸石保持了原来的晶体结构，其BET比表面积和BJH孔容均稍 有下降。FT-IR和UV-vis结果说明该沸石骨架在存在四配位钛，从而有可能成为催 化烯烃环氧化反应的活性中心。由于外表面阔别分覆盖有憎水性的硅烷基团而其它 部分吃不开现亲水性，该两亲性含钛沸石分布于水/油两相界面处，因此该催化剂 可以应用于不添加共溶剂 的相界面催化反应。     

[Mn(ATO)~2(H~2O)~4](PA)~2的制备、结构表征和热分 解机理研究

对新型配合物------苦味酸二(4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮)四水合锰采用元素分析、FT-IR分析、粉末X射线衍射分析和单晶结构分析基础上,在线性升温条件下,用DSC,TG-DTG技术对该化合物的热分解过程进行了研究,得出了其热分解机理。     

Fe在丝光沸石骨架中取代位置的DFT研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法研究了Fe同晶取代进入丝光沸石骨架后可能存在的位置,并确定了与电荷平衡质子结合的氧位置.能量分析表明Fe在丝光沸石骨架中最容易进入T2和T4位;当Fe分别在T2和T4位时,电荷平衡质子与O2和O10结合的可能性最大.     

XAFS STUDIES OF IRON CATALYSTS FOR F-T SYNTHESIS

IntroductionX-rnyabsorptionfinestructure(XAFS)spectroscopeprovidesauniqucopportunitytodetermincthcstructureofnanophasesystemswithshort-rangeorder,suchascatalystslllAnalysisofthcextendedpartofX-rayabsorptionfincstructure(EXAFS)providesthcinformationaboutthcidcntity,intefatomicdistanccs,andcoordinationnumbcrofatomsintheneghboringatomicshellssurroundingthccentralabsorbingatomFortransitionmetalcompondswithincompletelyfilleddshellthesamepre-edgepcaksintheX-rayabsorptionncar-edgestructure(XANE…     

Sol-Gel Preparation of α-Fe2O3 Thin Films: Structural Characterization by XAFS and Raman

Films of Fe2O3 have been prepared by two different sol-gel syntheses, starting from inorganic salts as precursors, Fe(NO3)3 · 9H2O or FeCl3 · 6H2O. Differences in the local order between the two preparations are investigated by XAFS (X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure) and Raman measurements.     

An evaluation of least-squares fitting methods in XAFS spectroscopy: Iron-based SBA-15 catalyst formulations

A detailed comparison has been made of determinations by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and four different XAFS spectroscopic methods of %Fe as hematite and ferrihydrite in 11 iron-based SBA-15 catalyst formulations. The four XAFS methods consisted of least-squares fitting of iron XANES, d(XANES)/dE, and EXAFS (k³chi and k²chi) spectra to the corresponding standard spectra of hematite and ferrihydrite. The comparison showed that, for this particular application, the EXAFS methods were superior to the XANES methods in reproducing the results of the benchmark Mössbauer method in large part because the EXAFS spectra of the two iron-oxide standards were much less correlated than the corresponding XANES spectra. Furthermore, the EXAFS and Mössbauer results could be made completely consistent by inclusion of a factor of 1.3 ± 0.05 for the ratio of the Mössbauer recoilless fraction of hematite relative to that of ferrihydrite at room temperature (293 K). This difference in recoilless fraction is attributed to the nanoparticle nature of the ferrihydrite compared to the bulk nature of the hematite. Also discussed are possible alternative non-least-squares XAFS methods for determining the iron speciation in this application as well as criteria for deciding whether or not least-squares XANES methods should be applied for the determination of element speciation in unknown materials.     

Catalytic properties of Fe ion-exchanged mordenite toward the ethanol transformation: influence of the methods of preparation

The transformation of ethanol on Fe ion-exchanged mordenite was compared in the temperature range of 200–400 °C for samples prepared in the solution and solid states. Ethane and methane were found as rather major products, compared to acetaldehyde and acetone. Diethyl ether was also detected as a dehydration product. The conversion was found to increase monotonically (to 96%) with increasing the Fe content (to 100%) and reaction temperature to 400 °C. The selectivity towards acetaldehyde and acetone was found maximum at the temperature 300 °C. Decrease in the catalyst Brönsted acidity due to ion-exchange in solution caused a marked increase in the selectivity toward acetaldehyde at 300 °C. At variance, Fe ion-exchanged in the solid state resulted in a higher Brönsted acidity catalyst of higher selectivity to acetone. The solid state exchanged catalyst formed more coke at 400 °C. The higher zeolite acidity catalyzes the ethane propagation into the coke precursors. The extraordinary formation of ethane as a dominant transformation product (in the absence of H₂ gas supply) is explained mainly to the O-abstracting affinity of the Fe³⁺ ion. Methane may be formed as a result of decomposition reaction at high temperatures. Mössbauer and XRD were applied for characterizing different Fe species involved as active sites in the reaction. Coke deposited on the catalysts was measured by TGA. Other helpful information was obtained from BET of N₂-adsorption and FT–IR of NH₃-adsorption. Fair correlation between the active sites responsible for formation of the various products and the zeolite acidity is discussed along with a possible role for the surface area and pore structure in the reaction activity and selectivity.     

Recent Developments in the In Situ XAFS and Related Work for the Characterization of Catalysts in Japan

This short review deals with some recent XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) applications to catalysts in Japan. The high transmission ability of X rays makes it possible to carry out in situ work on catalysts. First, in situ XAFS works under flow and high-pressure reaction conditions will be described. The time-resolved XAFS work will be another important topic because it can provide the possibility of observing the change of the reaction active site and the reaction intermediate. Finally, PTRF-XAFS will be described, which is a unique technique and provides three-dimensional local structures of highly dispersed surface species.     

NMR和XAFS方法研究溶液中杯芳冠醚与碱金属离子配位化学

给出了1,3-二辛氧基杯[4]芳烃冠醚-6(25,27-bis-octyloxy-calix[4]arene-26,28-crown-6, BOC6)和杯[4]芳烃双冠醚-6(1,3-alternate biscrown-6, BisC6)晶体结构参数, 用NMR(CDCl₃作溶剂)和XAFS(X-ray absorption fine structure)方法研究了邻硝基苯甲醚(o-nitro-phenyl methyl ether, NPME)和正辛醇(n-octyl alcohol, OA)溶液中BOC6和BisC6与碱金属离子的配位行为. 结果表明: 铯离子的嵌入使得杯芳冠醚分子中冠醚链的对称性明显提高; 在溶液中,配合物分子中铯离子的配位数为7, 7个氧的配位是一种稳定结构.     

Theoretical study of the interaction between C2H5OH and mordenite zeolite by periodic density functional theory method

The interaction of a single ethanol with pure‐silica and acid mordenite (MOR) has been investigated using density functional theory. Different interaction modes have been studied for three acid sites. All initial structures have been optimized by minimizing the total energy with respect to all lattice parameters and to the atomic coordinates. The nature of the ethanol–acid site complex has been discussed in detail. The strength of the adsorption is directly correlated to the local structural distortion of the MOR framework, especially of the acid site. By using partial density of states method, a detail in the distribution of density of states (orbital) has been obtained. An analysis of the differential charges has been performed, indicating substantial polarization effects for the acid site and for the ethanol molecule as well. Finally, the red‐shift of the harmonic OH stretching frequencies due to the interaction has been estimated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011     

Investigation of radionuclide 63Ni(II) sequestration mechanisms on mordenite by batch and EXAFS spectroscopy study

The sorption behavior and microscopic sequestration mechanisms of radionuclide 63Ni(II) on mordenite as a function of aging time,ionic strength,initial 63Ni(Ⅱ) concentrations,solid content and coexistent electrolyte ions were investigated by the com-bination of batch and EXAFS techniques.Macroscopic experiment results show that the sorption of 63Ni(Ⅱ) is dependent on ionic strength at pH<7,and independent of ionic strength at pH>7.The sorption percentage of 63Ni(Ⅱ) on mordenite increases with increasing solid content,while the sorption capacity decreases as solid content increases.The presence of different elec-trolyte ions can enhance or inhibit the sorption of Ni(II) on mordenite in various degrees.EXAFS analysis results of the sam-ples under three different ionic strengths suggest that the retained 63Ni(Ⅱ) in these samples exists in an octahedral environment with six water ligands.In the initial period of rapid uptake,the sorption of 63Ni(Ⅱ) is dominated by the formation of in-ner-sphere surface complexes.As aging time increases,63Ni(Ⅱ) sequestration behavior tends to be mainly controlled by the formation of Ni phyllosilicate co-precipitates and/or Ni(OH)2(s) precipitates.Results for the second shell fit of the sample pre-pared at an initial 63Ni(Ⅱ) concentration of 100 mg/L indicate the possible formation of Ni polynuclear surface complexes.Both the macroscopic sorption data and the molecular level evidence of 63Ni(Ⅱ) surface speciation at the mordenite/water in-terfaces should be factored into better predictions of the mobility and bioavailability of 63Ni(Ⅱ) in environment mediums.     

甲苯在多级孔丝光沸石上的吸附平衡和吸附动力学

为了考察多级孔丝光沸石中介孔的存在对丝光沸石吸附平衡和动力学的影响,选择甲苯分子作为探针分子,对其在具有不同介孔孔隙度的多级孔丝光沸石上的吸附等温线和吸附动力学曲线进行了测试。结果表明,甲苯在多级孔丝光沸石上的吸附等温线可以很好地用双位Toth吸附模型进行描述,由拟合参数以及亨利常数（K_H）和初始吸附热（Q_st）的计算得知,相对于微孔丝光沸石,介孔的引入增大了甲苯在丝光沸石内的吸附量,但减弱了甲苯与沸石表面的相互作用力;另外,甲苯在多级孔沸石表现出高的吸附速率,并随介孔孔隙度的增加而增大,反映了沸石内介孔的存在可有效促进沸石的传质能力。