高分子基导电复合材料气敏响应机理研究

高分子基气敏导电材料是近年来发展起来的一种新型功能高分子复合材料.本文介绍了以炭黑(CB)为导电填充剂的复合传感材料的气敏响应机理的体积膨胀模型、结晶模型和氢键模型,并讨论了逾渗阀值、CB及聚合物微观结构与性能、以及CB与聚合物和溶剂三者之间相互作用等因素对该类材料气敏响应性的影响.     

导电水凝胶的制备

作为一种新型的功能材料,导电水凝胶已经引起广泛的关注。本文根据目前的研究现状,将导电水凝胶大致分为聚电解质导电水凝胶,酸掺杂导电水凝胶,无机物添加导电水凝胶以及导电高分子基导电水凝胶等几大类,并综述了它们的制备方法。另外,由于大分子体系的导电高分子和水凝胶都有着独特和重要的性能,这使得它们具有广阔的应用价值。所以,本文在综述导电水凝胶制备进展的同时着重综述了导电高分子基导电水凝胶的制备进展。     

导电高分子在神经界面电极中的应用

神经界面电极作为人体和外部器件间信息融合的媒介, 为人们进一步探究神经系统高级功能的机制提供了有效工具. 传统的神经电极多以金属和半导体材料为主, 这两类材料因具有惰性材料的特性及优越的 导电性能而成为早期神经电极的主要制备材料, 但由于其刚性过大和光滑表面导致的机械失配及与生物组织间过高的电化学阻抗限制了神经电极的进一步发展. 导电高分子作为一种有机导电材料, 同时具备柔软性 (杨氏模量约在0.01~10 GPa)和导电性(高掺杂度的导电高分子的电导率在金属范围, 10⁰~10⁵ S/cm)的特征, 是制备神经电极的有效材料. 近年来, 人们利用导电高分子材料对传统电极材料进行改性甚至替代, 以提高电极比表面积、 减小界面阻抗, 并提高电极检测的灵敏性; 同时减小电极与组织间的应变失配, 减少炎症反应, 并进一步在导电高分子中引入功能性生物大分子, 减少生物组织对电极的排异反应, 增加电极在体内长期植入的稳定性. 本文讨论和总结了导电高分子材料在神经电极中的应用, 分别对导电高分子作为涂层修饰神经电极、 全导电高分子材料神经电极及导电高分子复合材料神经电极等展开讨论, 分析了导电高分子在神经界面电极中的应用前景及存在的问题, 以期对神经界面电极在脑科学和生物电子医疗等前沿领域的进一步发展提供参考.     

《功能高分子材料》

全书共分17章，结合功能高分子材料的结构与性能、制备方法及应用领域，对离子交换树脂，吸附树脂，离子交换纤维和活性碳纤维，高分子膜分离材料，高分子色谱固定相，高分子试剂，高分子负载催化剂，导电高分子材料，电效发光聚合物材料，非线性光学高分子材料，液晶高分子材料，感光高分子材料，医用高分子材料，环境敏感高分子材料，高分子电解质，高分子染料，淀粉，纤维素衍生物高分子等进行了详细论述。[第一段]     

导电高分子材料的应用和进展

论述了复合型及结构型导电高分子材料的导电机理、应用和研究进展。     

聚苯胺/尼龙-11共混导电纤维的形态

七十年代后期由于聚乙炔的发现而迅速产生了以共轭高分子为基础的导电高分子学科 ,聚苯胺 (ＰＡｎ)也于 1 984年被ＭａｃＤｉａｒｍｉｄ等重新开发[1 ] .相对于其它共轭高分子而言 ,聚苯胺原料易得、合成简单 ,具有较高的电导率和潜在的溶液、熔融加工可能性 ,同时还有良好的环境稳定性[2～ 5] .以导电高分子为导电剂的导电纤维有其独特的优点 .与颗粒状填料为导电剂不同 ,导电高分子在纺丝拉伸过程中会产生大分子取向 ,形成更多的导电通道 ,纤维的导电性能得到提高 ,导电阈值较小 .因此 ,研究导电组分在材料中的形态分布对研制导电共混复合…     

共轭聚合物复合材料的结构和性能

对聚苯胺、聚吡啶等共轭聚合物与非导电聚合物材料的复合体系的结构和性能进行了综述。不同方法制备的复合材料在结构和性能上各有特点。一般共轭聚合物与非导电高分子材料相容性差、尤其是低极性高分了。     

导电高分子-金属氧化物复合材料用作锂离子电池正极材料的研究现状

随着人类社会对能源需求量的增大,高效储能材料的开发备受关注。导电高分子-金属氧化物复合材料具备了作为储能器件正极材料的诸多特质,故成为了相关研究领域的热点方向之一。本文以聚苯胺(PAni)和聚吡咯(PPy)为例,综述了近年来导电高分子-金属氧化物复合材料用作锂离子电池正极材料方面的研究进展。概述了此类材料中各组分如何通过有机/无机协同作用实现材料电化学性能的提升,介绍了此类材料的制备方法,结构特点及常用表征手段,以及材料的电化学性能特征。     

高分子离子液体的研究进展

综述了高分子离子液体最新的研究进展。作为离子液体的载体材料主要有两大类 :一是无机高分子 ,离子液体中的阴离子或阳离子通过与无机高分子材料表面的基团键合形成含离子液体结构的高分子 ;二是有机高分子 ,在有机高分子上引入离子液体合成聚合物电解质 ,并介绍了其在催化、导电材料方面的应用前景     

某些导电高分子的波谱性能

本文以聚吡咯和聚噻吩为例，对导电高分子的紫外－可见光谱、红外光谱、远红外及微波区的波谱性能进行了综述，并分析了波谱性能与结构的关系。对导电高分子波谱性能的实际应用前景也进行了论述。     

对功能高分子课程教学的思考

功能高分子的设计思想是功能高分子课程的灵魂 ,它以高分子物理学所研究的结构与性能之间关系为基础。结构与性能之间的关系是贯穿功能高分子课程始末的主线。功能高分子材料有三种设计途径 ,即化学结构设计、聚集态结构设计和复合结构设计     

Molecular Architectonics-guided Design of Biomaterials

The quest for mastering the controlled engineering of dynamic molecular assemblies is the basis of molecular architectonics. The rational use of noncovalent interactions to programme the molecular assemblies allow the construction of diverse molecular and material architectures with novel functional properties and applications. Understanding and controlling the assembly of molecular systems are daunting tasks owing to the complex factors that govern at the molecular level. Molecular architectures depend on the design of functional molecular modules through the judicious selection of functional core and auxiliary units to guide the precise molecular assembly and co-assembly patterns. Biomolecules with built-in information for molecular recognition are the ultimate examples of evolutionary guided molecular recognition systems that define the structure and functions of living organisms. Explicit use of biomolecules as auxiliary units to command the molecular assemblies of functional molecules is an intriguing exercise in the scheme of molecular architectonics. In this minireview, we discuss the implementation of the principles of molecular architectonics for the development of novel biomaterials with functional properties and applications ranging from sensing, drug delivery to neurogeneration and tissue engineering. We present the molecular designs pioneered by our group owing to the requirement and scope of the article while acknowledging the designs pursued by several research groups that befit the concept.     

Theoretical analysis of vibrational spectra and scaling‐factor of 2‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives

In this study, the direct molecular structure implementations for calculating vibrational spectra and scaling factors, and infrared intensities at both the Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional (B3LYP) levels of theory with 6‐31G(d), 6‐311G(d), 6‐31++G(d,p), and 6‐311++G(d,p) basis sets are presented. Also, vibrational frequencies have been investigated as dependence on the choice of method and basis set. The parameters of molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies values of 2‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles 5a–g in the ground state have been calculated. Theoretical determination of vibrational frequencies is quite useful both in understanding the relationship between the molecular structures and scaling factor. The data of 2‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles 5a–g display significant electronic properties provide the basis for future design of efficient materials having the oxadiazole core and theoretical IR studies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009     

金属有机骨架材料的合成及应用

金属有机骨架(MOFs) 材料是目前研究很热的一种新功能材料。本文讨论了金属有机骨架材料的设计原理、制备过程、骨架结构的影响因素以及骨架合成的发展状况,总结了金属有机骨架材料在催化剂、气体的储存和分离方面的应用,并对这种新型多功能材料在设计、合成与应用中的广阔前景做了展望。     

Crystal structures, anisotropic growth, and optical properties: controlled synthesis of lanthanide orthophosphate one-dimensional nanomaterials

The fundamental understanding of the relationship between crystal structure and the dynamic processes of anisotropic growth on the nanoscale, and exploration of the key factors governing the evolution of physical properties in functional nanomaterials, have become two of the most urgent and challenging issues in the fabrication and exploitation of functional nanomaterials with designed properties and the development of nanoscale devices. Herein, we show how structural and kinetic factors govern the tendency for anisotropic growth of such materials under hydrothermal conditions, and how the crystal structure and morphology influence the optical properties of Ln3+-doped nanocrystals. The synthesis of phase-pure and single-crystalline monoclinic, hexagonal, and tetragonal one-dimensional LnPO4 nanostructures of different aspect ratios by means of kinetically controlled hydrothermal growth processes is demonstrated. It is shown that the tendency for anisotropic growth under hydrothermal conditions can be enhanced simply by modifying the chemical potentials of species in the reaction solution through the use of carefully selected chelating ligands. A systematic study of the photoluminescence of various Eu3+-doped lanthanide phosphates has revealed that the optical properties of these nanophosphors are strongly dependent on their crystal structures and morphologies.     

功能化的无机复合体系

通过化学物理相互作用将不同组分进行复合可以形成各种各样的复合体系。如果体系中的组分均为无机物或以无机物为主则相应的复合体系称为无机复合体系。通过对组成、结构及形貌等进行设计与调控,可以赋予无机复合体系独特的性质和功能。常见的无机复合体系主要包括主-客体复合物、配位聚合物以及各种纳米复合体系等。这些无机复合体系的功能化对新材料及新能源的开发和利用具有重要意义。本文综述了各种新型无机复合体系的最新研究进展,总结了本课题组在无机复合体系及其功能化的设计与开发方面取得的最新结果,并对功能化的无机复合体系作为新型材料的应用进行了展望。     

仿贻贝粘附蛋白聚合物的研究及动态

贻贝粘附蛋白以其对不同基材表面及在水下都具备高强的粘附能力而闻名。根据仿生学原理,通过将贻贝粘附蛋白功能元即邻苯二酚基团与合成高分子相结合制备仿贻贝粘附蛋白聚合物,达到复制重现甚至超越天然贻贝粘附蛋白粘附效力的目的,是目前贻贝仿生领域研究热点之一。本文综述了近年来国内外仿贻贝粘附蛋白聚合物的研究进展。我们按照主链结构的种类进行了分类,对仿贻贝粘附蛋白聚合物材料的发展过程、材料的设计思路以及应用领域进行了系统的归纳总结。通过研究分子结构与仿生材料功能特性之间的相互关系,希望为以后设计合成新型的功能化的贻贝仿生材料提供有益的借鉴和参考。     

Structure-Dependent Strain Effects

Density functional theory calculations of atomic and molecular adsorption on (111) and (100) metal surfaces reveal marked surface and structure dependent effects of strain. Adsorption in three-fold hollow sites is found to be destabilized by compressive strain whereas the reversed trend is commonly valid for adsorption in four-fold sites. The effects, which are qualitatively explained using a simple two-orbital model, provide insights on how to modify chemical properties by strain design.     

Electroactive Organic Building Blocks for the Chemical Design of Functional Porous Frameworks (MOFs and COFs) in Electronics

Electroactive organic molecules have received a lot of attention in the field of electronics because of their fascinating electronic properties, easy functionalization and potential low cost towards their implementation in electronic devices. In recent years, electroactive organic molecules have also emerged as promising building blocks for the design and construction of crystalline porous frameworks such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) for applications in electronics. Such porous materials present certain additional advantages such as, for example, an immense structural and functional versatility, combination of porosity with multiple electronic properties and the possibility of tuning their physical properties by post-synthetic modifications. In this Review, we summarize the main electroactive organic building blocks used in the past few years for the design and construction of functional porous materials (MOFs and COFs) for electronics with special emphasis on their electronic structure and function relationships. The different building blocks have been classified based on the electronic nature and main function of the resulting porous frameworks. The design and synthesis of novel electroactive organic molecules is encouraged towards the construction of functional porous frameworks exhibiting new functions and applications in electronics.