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1.
We have carried out a theoretical calculation of the differential cross section for the electron Raman scattering process associated with the surface optical phonon modes in a semiconductor quantum disc.electron states are considered to be confined within a quantum disc with infinite potential barriers.The optical phonon modes we have adopted are the slab phonon modes by taking into consideration the Frohlich interaction between an electron and a phonon.The selection rules for the Raman process are given.Numerical results and a discussion are also presented for various radii and thicknesses of the disc,and different incident radiation energies.  相似文献   

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Titanium dioxide nanocrystals were prepared by the wet chemical method and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman scattering (RS) and photoluminescence techniques. The XRD pattern shows the formation of single phase anatase structure of average sizes ∼7 nm (sample A) and ∼15 nm (sample B) for two samples. Additionally, TEM and RS were used to confirm the anatase crystal structure for both samples. The PL spectra show that the intensity of the sample A is more than that of sample B, which has been attributed to defect(s) and particle size variation. A modified phonon confinement model incorporating particle size distribution function and averaged dispersion curves for two most dispersive phonon branch (Γ‐X direction) have been used to interpret the size effect in Raman spectra. The obtained Raman peak shift and full width at half‐maximum agree well with the experimental data. Our observations suggest that the phonon confinement effects are responsible for a significant shift and broadening for the Raman peaks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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5.
AAO模板法制备CdS纳米微粒的SERS光谱研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  
在自制的孔径约15nm多孔氧化铝模板上沉积银纳米粒子,然后用电化学方法在此衬底上沉积CdS纳米微粒。研究了CdS纳米阵列在457.5nm波长激光激发下的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)性质。实验结果显示CdS的SERS信号有三个振动模式,分别对应1LO、2LO和3LO纵光学声子模,它们的强度随着作为SERS衬底的银纳米粒子高度的增加而增强,当银纳米粒子的长/径比(长度与直径的比值)达到4时,这种增强趋近饱和。最后对CdS纳米微粒光学声子模的增强机理进行了分析和讨论。  相似文献   

6.
六方系InAlGaN晶体的长波长光学声子研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
陈贵楚  范广涵 《发光学报》2012,33(8):808-811
利用拉曼散射实验方法对六方系InAlGaN晶体的光学声子进行了测量,同时利用修正随机元素同向位移模型对其光学声子与组分的关系进行了理论模拟。结果表明InAlGaN晶体的E1与A1光学声子分支都表现为单模行为,测量得到的InxGa0.45-xAl0.55N晶体的A1(LO)声子与计算结果一致。对InxAl0.42-xGa0.58N晶体的A1(LO)声子的计算结果与Cros的测量结果进行了对比,两者也相符。  相似文献   

7.
    
Multiphonon resonant Raman scattering in N‐doped ZnO films was studied, and an enhancement of the resonant Raman scattering process as well as longitudinal optical (LO) phonon overtones up to the sixth order were observed at room temperature. The resonant Raman scattering intensity of the 1LO phonon in N‐doped ZnO appears three times as strong as that of undoped ZnO, which mainly arises from the defect‐induced Raman scattering caused by N‐doping. The nature of the 1LO phonon at 578 cm−1 is interpreted as a quasimode with mixed A1 and E1 symmetry because of the defects formed in the ZnO lattice. In addition, the previously neglected impurity‐induced two‐LO‐phonon scattering process was clearly observed in N‐doped ZnO. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

8.
    
Micro‐Raman measurements have been carried out in order to study the V/III flux ratio effect in InP/InAlAs/InP heterostructures grown by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Photoluminescence (PL) studies in InP/InAlAs/InP heterostructures [1] , [2] show a strong dependence of the PL band linewidth on V/III molar ratio. In addition to the observation of the two‐mode behavior and the disorder activated modes in InAlAs alloy, an analysis of Raman spectra shows a line shape broadening and wavenumber shift of Raman peaks for various V/III molar ratios, with minimum linewidth and lattice mismatch occurring at V/III = 50. Also, a strong dependence on the composition modulation of the AlAs‐like longitudinal optic (LOAlAs−like) phonon was observed due to clustering. Calculation of the in‐plane strain shows that the lattice mismatch between the epilayer and the substrate is relatively insensitive to flux ratio variation within the range investigated. Therefore, the high arsenic overpressures used have an insignificant adverse effect on the quality of the hetero‐interfaces. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

9.
分子束外延PbTe单晶薄膜的反常拉曼光谱研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
采用分子束外延(MBE)方法在BaF2(111)衬底上生长了高质量的PbTe单晶薄膜, 拉曼光谱测量观察到了表面氧化物的振动模、布里渊区中心(q≈0)纵光学(LO)声子振动模以 及声子-等离子激元耦合模振动.随着显微拉曼光谱仪激光光斑聚焦深度的改变,各拉曼散射 峰的峰位、积分强度、半高宽等都表现出不同的变化趋势. 随着激光光斑聚焦位置从样品表 面上方3μm处变化到表面下方3μm处,PbTe外延薄膜的LO声子频率从119cm-1移 动到124cm-1关键词：PbTe外延薄膜拉曼散射纵光学声子  相似文献   

10.
Temperature-dependent Raman investigations of titanium in the α and pressure-quenched ω-phase have been carried out. The results obtained suggest the possible coexistence of both phases at ambient pressure and low temperatures. Comparison of the low-temperature E2g phonon self-energies in both phases with simulations based on the calculated electronic structures for α- and ω-Ti implies significant contributions from non-adiabatic electron–phonon interactions.  相似文献   

11.
    
Recent Raman data on nanocrystallite arrays are revised within the microscopic theory for Raman peaks positions and broadening (linewidth). The theory combines the elasticity theory-like approach for optical phonons used in order to evaluate the Raman peaks structure and the Green's function method applied for the phonon lines broadening. These theories are supported by the atomistic calculations within the dynamical matrix method for optical phonons and by the bond polarization model used to calculate the Raman intensities. The experimental data on four various nanopowders are analyzed with the use of this theory. The large width of the Raman peak in nanoparticles as compared with the corresponding peak in bulk materials and the width inverse dependence on the particle size previously observed by other researchers are explained within the framework of the theory. It is shown that the theory is capable to extract confidently from the Raman data four important microscopic characteristics of the nanopowder including the mean particle size, the variance of the particle size distribution function, the strength of intrinsic disorder in the particle, and the effective faceting number that parameterizes the particle shape.  相似文献   

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Current–voltage, radio‐frequency (RF) and noise characteristics of single‐wall multi‐tube carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors were measured at cryogenic temperatures. Compared to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 300 K, only a slight drain current increase at Ta = 77 K was observed. In addition, a weak dependence of the maximum value of the current gain cut‐off frequency (fT) on Ta was obtained, indicating that fT is rather limited by the device intrinsic quantum and extrinsic capacitances than by an improved mobility due to reduced optical phonon scattering at low Ta. A noise analysis of the devices at Ta = 10 K reveals that the noise factor (NF) improvement at very low temperatures is related to the reduced Nyquist noise of all resistive transistor noise contributors. Since the main noise source in CNTFETs is the shot noise, NF remains comparatively high even at Ta = 10 K.

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13.
拉曼光谱用于研究二氧化钛材料的相变和声子限制效应。化学溶液方法制备了TiO2纳米晶材料。其平均粒度为 6 8- 2 7 9nm。最低频率 1 5 2cm- 1 Eg 模随粒度减小出现蓝移和加宽。在声子限制模型下 ,理论上对不同粒度的TiO2 纳米晶 (6 8,1 0 3和 2 7 9nm)的频移和线宽进行计算 ,结果与实验吻合得很好。研究了TiO2 纳米晶锐钛矿 -金红石相变 ,其相变温度为 6 5 0 - 6 90℃ ,比体块TiO2 的相变温度 1 0 0 0℃低 ,表明了相变的尺寸效应  相似文献   

14.
    
Decay dynamics of the acoustic phonon mode in ZnO nanoparticles, synthesized using the wet chemical technique, is investigated. It is well established that optic phonon modes in a semiconductor favor an anharmonic decay dynamics; in contrast, acoustic modes evidence a rather complex decay behavior, manifesting their dependence on other parameters such as particle size, impurity species, etc. At lower temperatures (T < 500 K), the anharmonic decay process, caused by the weakening of the bond strength, is responsible for the observed decrease in the acoustic mode wavenumbers. However, particle growth due to the coalescence sintering process is prominent at higher temperatures (>600 K) and governs the softening behavior of the acoustic phonon mode towards the Rayleigh line. On the other hand, the precursor species and reaction byproducts on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles induce an anomalous softening behavior in the decay dynamics at specific temperatures by damping the acoustic phonon mode. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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Raman spectroscopy of crystalline/molecular systems is well grounded with quantum‐chemical calculations and group theory, making it a unique tool for material characterization. For the ‘intermediate’ case of nanometer‐scale systems, however, the application of Raman spectroscopy is limited by the lack of such theoretical bases. Here, we couple a scaled quantum‐chemical calculation with the phonon confinement model to construct a universal and physically consistent basis for nanoscale Raman spectroscopy. Unlike the commonly assumed one‐dimensional approximation of phonon dispersion, we take into account the confinement along all the three dimensions of the k‐ space. We apply it to diamond nanoparticles of sub‐50‐nm size, a system with pronounced anisotropy of dispersion for which consideration of three‐dimensional dispersion is a requisite. The model excellently reproduces size‐sensitive Raman spectral features, including the peak position, bandwidth, and asymmetry of the sp3 C–C stretch Raman line. This fundamental approach can be easily generalized to contribute the future development of quantitative nanoscale Raman spectroscopy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
    
Phonon confinement effect and surface optical mode in SiC nanocrystal have been investigated through Raman spectroscopy. Considering high density of stacking faults in SiC grains, the correlation length of RWL (proposed by Richter, Wang, Li to explain phonon confinement in nano silicon) model is determined as a distance between nearby stacking faults. Thus, homogeneous region becomes thin slices in cylindrical SiC grains, which redefines weighting function. Effect of anisotropy of phonon dispersion curve is also analyzed during calculation. The additional 875‐cm−1 band is attributed to defects and amorphous SiC, which is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. SiC grains are approximated as column array with grain boundary substances regarded as surrounding medium, which explains surface optical phonon mode at 915 cm−1. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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Nanocrystalline Mn‐doped zinc oxides Zn1−xMnxO (x = 0–0.10) were synthesized by the sol–gel technique at low temperature. The calcination temperature of the as‐prepared powder was found at 350 °C using differential thermal analysis. A thermogravimetric analysis showed that there is a mass loss in the as‐prepared powder till 350 °C and an almost constant mass till 800 °C. The X‐ray diffraction patterns of investigated nanopowders calcined at 350 °C correspond to the hexagonal ZnO structure without any foreign impurities. The average grain size of the nanocrystal that was observed around ∼25–40 nm from transmission electron microscopy matched well with the crystallite size calculated from the line shape of X‐ray diffraction. The chemical bonding structure in Zn1−xMnxO nanopowders was examined using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques, which indicate substitution of Mn2+ ions into Zn2+ sites in ZnO lattice. Micro Raman spectroscopy confirmed the insertion of Mn ions in the ZnO host matrix, and similar wurtzite structure of Zn1−xMnxO (x < 10%) nanocrystals. Temperature‐dependent Raman spectra of the nanocrystals displayed suppression of luminescence and enhancement in full width at half maximum in pure ZnO nanocrystals with increase in temperature, which suggests an enhancement in particle size at elevated temperature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
    
An analytical form of the Raman shift dependence on the size of nanocrystals is presented. On the basis of the hard confinement model, this form describes the deviations from Raman shifts in infinite crystals as Δω = π2A[1 − exp(−η)]/12x2η2, where η = L/12ax and x = (A/Γ0)1/2, L standing for the crystal size, Γ0 for the intrinsic band linewidth, a for the lattice parameter and A for a suitable phonon curve parameter. It works in those cases where the average phonon curve shows a quadratic dependence on the phonon quasi‐momentum in the range of interest. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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A size‐dependent evolution of phonon confinement is revealed in Si nanoparticles (NPs) via Raman spectroscopy. By introducing a variable confinement factor, α, into a well‐known phenomenological phonon confinement model (PCM) developed by Richter et al., acceptable fits are achieved to downshifted and asymmetrically broadened Raman spectra of Si NPs with different diameters, d, from 2.4 nm to 6.3 nm. A comparative study using Raman spectra of colloidal Si NPs, for the first time, shows an apparent positive linear correlation between α and the Si NP size. Based on the PCM, the amplitude of the atomic vibration (phonon) at the real physical boundary of NPs is proportional to e−α/2, which indicates that the amplitude of the first order optical phonon is relatively larger at the edges for smaller Si nanostructures despite of their stronger phonon confinement weighed by α/d2. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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Several approaches may be used to link the Raman spectra to the characteristic size scale of nanomaterials. To treat the vibrations of the nanocrystal as localized phonons is a basic idea of the phonon confinement model (PCM). This review describes different approximations proposed since the pioneering work of Richter et al. in 1981. Early implementations of PCM received criticism for the arbitrariness of the introduced parameters and physically unsound assumptions. Later, the physical consistent version was proposed in which the model was coupled with quantum-chemical calculations. Representative cases of applying the PCM are discussed: model benchmark system (nanodiamond), localized acoustic phonons in nanoparticles (ZnO), nanowires (Ge), and phonon-like modes in the hydrogen-bonding network of liquid water.  相似文献   

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