改进的特征线方法及过载对水锤效应影响分析

传统特征线方法对过载作用下的水锤计算具有局限性,无法为水锤防护提供可靠性指导。本文在考虑过载效应和动态摩阻的基础上,提出了改进的特征线方法,该方法能准确模拟过载作用下水锤最大压力峰值及水锤波的衰减特性。基于该方法,建立了过载作用下水锤效应数学模型,通过分析结果与CFD数值仿真及实验数据对比,验证了改进特征线方法的正确性。分析结果表明,在恒定过载作用时,阀门位置的流体压力随过载量的增加而增大,且管轴向过载的影响大于横向过载;关阀过程受到瞬时过载作用时,过载效应对水锤最大压力峰值影响显著,而对关阀后水锤波的传播和衰减影响较小;同时,分析了过载效应下关阀特性和流体密度等参数对水锤效应的影响规律。     

拱轴外形优化

本文提出多工况条件下拱轴外形的优化准则及该准则意义下构造最优拱轴线的一类方法——多工况压力线法。通过对有限多条最不利荷载组合工况压力线的逼近提出最优拱轴线二次规划数学模型,给出该模型适于电算的矩阵显式和解的收敛性分析并讨论了模型的解法,给出一个算例,本文给出的优化准则和方法及数学模型适用于荷载作用条件复杂的大型拱结构,具有一定的普遍意义,给出的数学模型具有良好的性态。     

页岩基质解吸-扩散-渗流耦合实验及数学模型

采用川南地区龙马溪组页岩样品,设计了页岩基质解吸-扩散-渗流耦合物理模拟实验,揭示了页岩基质气体流动特征以及压力传播规律.推导了页岩气解吸-扩散-渗流耦合数学模型并且利用有限差分法对数学模型进行数值求解,与实验结果相比较表明该数学模型能够很好地描述气体在页岩基质中的流动规律.同时对页岩基质气体流动的影响因素进行了分析,认为页岩基质的渗透率、扩散系数、解吸附常数等因素均能影响页岩基质气体的流量和压力传播规律,在页岩气藏的开发过程中需要考虑这些参数的影响,该数学模型为页岩气井产能计算提供了更准确的计算方法.      

变形双重介质广义流动分析

对于碳酸盐油藏和低渗油藏的渗流问题，传统的研究方法都是假设地层渗透率是常数，这假设，对于地层渗透率是压力敏感的情况，对压力的空间变化和瞬时变化将导致较大的误差。本文研究了应力敏感地层中双重介质渗流问题的压力不稳定响应，不仅考虑了储层的双重介质特征，而且考虑了应力敏感地层中介质的变形，建立了应力敏感地层双重介质的数学模型，渗透率依赖于孔隙压力变化的流动方程是强非线性的，采用Douglas-Jones预估－校正法获得了只有裂缝发生形变定产量生产时无限大地层的数值解及定产量生产岩块与裂隙同时发生形变时无限大地层的数值解，并探讨了变形参数和双重介质参数变化时压力的变化规律，给出几种情况下典型压力曲线图版，这些结果可用于实际试井分析。     

注塑成型充模过程的温度场计算

对注塑成型过程中充填阶段的非等温效应的数值模拟进行了研究 ,模拟了非牛顿流体在任意形状型腔内的流动。这里 ,数学模型是基于非牛顿流体在非等温状态下的广义 Hele-Shaw流动 ,利用有限元 /有限差分混合数值方法求解流场中的压力和温度分布     

套管阀关阀井下压力动态演变规律的研究

套管阀是实现全过程欠平衡钻井最为简捷、安全的技术之一，但其面临很难预测和控制关阀后井下动态压力的问题，因此常常在关阀后阀下压力急剧上升，导致无法正常开阀。造成这一客观事实的主要原因是单向封闭管流的特殊多相流动的特征参数预测模型与求解方法的不完善。因此，本文在分析套管阀使用流程的基础上，根据不同的地层介质建立了井下气液两相流动数学模型并采用数值方法得出了规律性的认识。通过数值模拟发现：孔隙性地层在较大的初始欠压值条件下，井下与地层压力平衡时间较短，套管阀下气柱压力更大；而对于裂缝性地层，因不断有钻井液向地层漏失，其地层压力平衡时间较孔隙性地层也更长。针对不同地层在条件，在使用套管阀时需严格控制起下钻作业时间（即井底压力与地层压力的平衡时间），以免由于阀下压力过大造成钻后无法正常打开套管阀。本文研究对于指导套管阀施工作业以及完善全过程欠平衡钻井流动理论均具有积极的意义。     

柔性网架结构的超弹性力学行为分析

由于地层漏失压力存在差异性,钻完井液的漏失现象是工程中常遇问题。井壁柔性贴补网架是一种解决地层钻井溃漏的方案,其中核心涉及到网架结构超弹性的几何大变形力学行为。本文就柔性网架结构建立了子结构的非线性力学模型,推导了结构位移形变方程,证明了网架结构的几何非线性,给出了钻井堵漏的力学行为算法。这种几何非线性力学模型,通过数值方法得到了验证。该柔性网架的力学分析模型适用于钻井堵漏,也可以为心脑血管SMA支架、气管支架等领域提供参考。     

双盘摩擦压力机的动力学模型及其数值解

文中建立了双盘摩擦压力机的动力学数学模型,通过数值求解,分析了几个重要参数对压力机动力过程的影响,其结论对动力参数的设计具有指导意义     

基于遗传算法的低压液压管路模型参数识别

为了合理预测伴随气泡和气穴的低压液压管路压力瞬态脉动,提出了用改进遗传算法对低压液压管路压力瞬态脉动模型进行参数辨识的新方法.给出了用来描述管路流动特性的瞬态脉动数学模型,建立了用来计算伴随气泡和气穴的液压管路瞬态下气泡体积和气穴体积的数学模型.构造了基于最小二乘法的适应度模型,探讨了遗传操作方式及算法终止准则,采用了算术交叉同线性逼近相结合的改进算术交叉算子进行交叉操作,给出了模型参数寻优的算法流程.实现了对低压液压管路压力瞬态脉动数学模型的参数识别,得到了参数优化后的低压液压管路压力瞬态脉动模型.仿真结果与实验数据的比较表明在低压液压管路瞬态模型中,用改进遗传算法来识别模型中的未知参数的方法是可行的、有效的.     

摄动理论在求解流固耦合渗流问题中的应用

通过引进小参数ε，对工程中一类强非线性耦合渗流问题采用摄动理论进行解析求解，探讨了数学模型中压力动态分布特征，并通过数值算例分析了压力随饱和度s及时间t变化的情况，可为实验确定压力-饱和度-渗透率之间的关系提供理论依据，同时为求解非线性偏微分数学方程组提供一种解析求解方法．     

Fluid-solid coupling model for studying wellbore instability in drilling of gas hydrate bearing sediments

As the oil or gas exploration and development activities in deep and ultra- deep waters become more and more, encountering gas hydrate bearing sediments （HBS） is almost inevitable. The variation in temperature and pressure can destabilize gas hydrate in nearby formation around the borehole, which may reduce the strength of the formation and result in wellbore instability. A non-isothermal, transient, two-phase, and fluid-solid coupling mathematical model is proposed to simulate the complex stability performance of a wellbore drilled in HBS. In the model, the phase transition of hydrate dissociation, the heat exchange between drilling fluid and formation, the change of mechanical and petrophysical properties, the gas-water two-phase seepage, and its interaction with rock deformation are considered. A finite element simulator is developed, and the impact of drilling mud on wellbore instability in HBS is simulated. Results indicate that the re- duction in pressure and the increase in temperature of the drilling fluid can accelerate hydrate decomposition and lead to mechanical properties getting worse tremendously. The cohesion decreases by 25% when the hydrate totally dissociates in HBS. This easily causes the wellbore instability accordingly. In the first two hours after the formation is drilled, the regions of hydrate dissociation and wellbore instability extend quickly. Then, with the soaking time of drilling fluid increasing, the regions enlarge little. Choosing the low temperature drilling fluid and increasing the drilling mud pressure appropriately can benefit the wellbore stability of HBS. The established model turns out to be an efficient tool in numerical studies of the hydrate dissociation behavior and wellbore stability of HBS.     

考虑诱导缝多段压裂水平井非均质改造压力动态模型研究

为了准确模拟致密油藏水平井大规模压裂形成复杂裂缝网络系统和非均质储层井底压力变化,建立考虑诱导缝矩形非均质储层多段压裂水平井不稳定渗流数学模型,耦合裂缝模型与储层模型得到有限导流裂缝拉普拉斯空间井底压力解,对两种非均质储层模型分别利用数值解、边界元和已有模型验证其准确性.基于压力导数曲线特征进行流动阶段划分和参数敏感性分析,得到以下结果:和常规压裂水平井井底压力导数曲线相比较,理想模式下,考虑诱导缝影响时特有的流动阶段是综合线性流阶段、诱导缝向压裂裂缝“补充”阶段、储层线性流动阶段和拟边界控制流阶段.诱导缝条数的增加加剧了综合线性流阶段的持续时间,降低了流体渗流阻力,早期阶段压力曲线越低;当诱导缝与压裂裂缝导流能力一定时,裂缝导流能力越大,线性流持续时间越长;当所有压裂裂缝不在一个区域时,沿井筒方向两端区域低渗透率弱化了低渗区域诱导缝流体向压裂裂缝“补充”阶段,因此,沿井筒方向两端区域渗透率越低,早期阶段压力曲线越高;当所有压裂裂缝在一个区域时,渗透率变化只影响径向流阶段之后压力曲线形态,外区渗透率越低,早期径向流阶段之后压力曲线越高.通过实例验证,表明该模型和方法的实用性和准确性.     

具有越流的双层定压边界油气藏井底压力的精确解及典型曲线

由于在钻井过程中泥浆的侵入、射孔以及井下作业，实际的油气井总有一定的表皮效应。对于双层油气藏来说，各层的表皮效应可能不同。本文采用最大有效井径的概念，在考虑表皮效应和井筒储存的影响的条件下，建立了一个新的具有层间越流的双层定压边界油气藏井底压力的动态模型。通过拉氏变换得到了拉氏空间下以Bessel函数表示的精确解。运用Crump数值反演方法，得到了实空间的解；分析了压力动态特征。该模型不但适合于表皮系数为正的情况，也适合于表皮系数为负的情形。最后指出了Bourdet模型的局限性。用新模型绘制的典型曲线进行拟合，将得到更加准确的结果。     

页岩气藏压裂缝网扩展数值模拟

为探究页岩气藏水力压裂复杂裂缝网络的形成机理,开展了缝网扩展的数值模拟研究.考虑应力阴影和天然裂缝作用,建立了井筒和裂缝中流体流动模型,利用位移不连续方法求解应力与位移不连续量,然后构建了压力与裂缝宽度的迭代方程,并采用牛顿迭代法求解.通过比较数值解经典模型解析解,验证了模型和迭代解法的正确性.多簇裂缝同步扩展时裂缝间距越小,压裂液分配到各条裂缝越不均匀,靠近井筒跟部的裂缝的分流量越大,从而裂缝宽度越大;考虑天然裂缝作用时,逼近角越小或者应力各向异性越弱,水力裂缝越容易发生转向扩展,裂缝网络越复杂.      

A semi-analytic solution of a wellbore in a non-isothermal low-permeability porous medium under non-hydrostatic stresses

The transient stress, displacement, pore pressure and temperature fields around a wellbore in a thermo-poro-elastic (THM) medium subject to non-hydrostatic remote stresses are analyzed under non-isothermal plane-strain conditions. The linear THM model proposed by Coussy (1989) is adopted in the analysis with a focus on thermal effects in low-permeability saturated rocks, characterized by a latent heat associated with local changes of fluid mass content. Non-dimensionalized parameters are identified by reformulating the fully-coupled governing equations and boundary conditions. The wellbore problem is simplified by decomposing it into axisymmetric and deviatoric loading cases. The corresponding analytical solutions are obtained in Laplace space. The inverse Laplace transforms are performed numerically to find the time-dependent distributions of field variables in the rock mass around the wellbore. These numerical results show that although the pore pressure diffusion has little influence on temperature and stress, temperature changes can strongly affect the pore pressure and stress around the wellbore. The temperature change can lead to changes in near-well stresses and the resulting significant change in wellbore breakdown pressure illustrates the importance of considering the THM coupling.     

机采油井井口温度的影响因素分析

基于传热学理论, 建立了机采油井井筒及其周围地层温度场的数学模型, 对不同参数下的井口温度进行了模拟, 分析了油井产量、含水率、井深、油管半径、环境温度及地温梯度等参数的影响.     

Pressure Transient Analysis for Multi-stage Fractured Horizontal Wells in Shale Gas Reservoirs

This article presents the PTA on the multi-stage fractured horizontal well in shale gas reservoirs incorporating desorption and diffusive flow in the matrix. Currently, most PTA models are simply based on Darcy flow both in natural fractures and matrix without considering the mechanisms of desorption and diffusion in shale matrix. Source function and Laplace transform with the numerical discrete method are employed to solve the mathematical model. The solution is presented in the Laplace domain so that the wellbore storage effect and skin factor can be easily incorporated by convolution. Type curves are plotted with Stehfest algorithm and different flow regimes are identified. The presented model could be used to interpret pressure signals more accurately for shale gas reservoirs.     

水平井砾石充填数值模拟研究进展

综述了水平井数值模拟研究的最新进展,内容包括：水平井砾石充填机理及技术难题、充填过程中平衡砂床高度、临界流速的计算模型,描述了筛管/井筒环空砂浆流动、冲管/筛管环空纯携砂液流动以及它们之间流体的交换和向地层的滤失过程. 重点介绍了$\alpha$波充填过程中流动数学模型的研究现状及影响水平井砾石充填的各个因素和存在的问题.     

高温变形测量中热流场造成畸变的修正方法

目前高温环境中材料的变形测量是研究的热点,基于数字图像特征识别的非接触测量方法促进了高温环境变形测量的发展,但由于高温环境的复杂性,存在很多测量影响因素,其中高温环境中热流场的存在对数字图像法的影响尤为明显。本文提出了一种对高温变形测量中热流场造成畸变影响的修正方法。针对基于光学成像方法的材料高温变形测量中常见的热流场扰动,通过数值仿真得到热流场模型及热流场分布状况,再结合光线追迹原理对热流场造成的图像畸变影响进行分析,用数值分析结果对高温变形测量实验结果进行修正。对比扰动修正结果与真实位移有很好的一致性,从而证明了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

Dual Porosity and Dual Permeability Modeling of Horizontal Well in Naturally Fractured Reservoir

This article is the first investigation on the dual permeability flow issue for horizontal well-production in a naturally fractured dual-porosity reservoir. Based on the inter-porosity flow from matrix system to fracture system and treating the media directly connected with horizontal wellbore as matrix and fracture systems, we established a model of horizontal well-production and then solved the model using some modern mathematical methods, such as Laplace integral transformation, separation of variables, eigenvalue, and eigenfunction. Later in the article, we obtained the standard log–log type curves using numerical simulation and analyzed the transient flow behavior thoroughly, which showed it is dual porosity and dual permeability flow behavior. The numerical simulation results showed that there are obvious differences between dual permeability and single permeability models. The dual permeability flow behavior accelerates energy supplement during production and reduces the classical matrix-fracture (V-shaped) response. We also showed that type curves characteristics are affected by external boundary conditions, the parameter κ, ω _f and λ _mf, etc. The research results show that our model would be a good semi-analytical model supplied to users. Because the single permeability modeling ignores the direct fluid supply from matrix to wellbore, we recommend using the dual permeability modeling to make well testing and rate decline interpretation in real case studies.