质子交换Y分支光波导弯曲损耗研究

对采用退火质子交换技术(APE)制备的具有正弦型弯曲和余弦型弯曲两种不同的S型弯曲的Y分支光波导,利用宽角有限差分光束传播法,就过渡区长度、波导表面折射率增量、掩模版开口宽度等对波导弯曲损耗的影响进行了研究。结果表明,两种S弯曲下的Y分支波导的弯曲损耗,随波导结构参数的变化基本上是相同的,但二者的表现并不完全一致。数值计算结果为相应波导器件的设计和制备提供了一定的参考。     

质子交换LiNbO3光波导的特性研究

采用X射线衍射谱法和红外吸收光谱法对质子交换和退火质子交换LiNbO3光波导的特性进行了研究.研究结果表明:在LiNbO3晶体衬底X射线衍射主峰的左侧出现质子交换LiNbO3光波导的伴峰,则质子交换使光波导层Li1-xHxNbO3的晶格常数比衬底的晶格常数稍大,产生垂直于表面的应变,波导经过退火后,伴峰向主峰靠近,应变减少.质子交换波导中的OH-基团的红外吸收光谱在3 500和3 300 cm-1处存在特征峰,波导经过退火后,3 300 cm-1处的特征峰基本消失,而3 500 cm-1处的吸收强度基本不变.实验还表明,OH-在3 500 cm-1处吸收带的积分面积基本与交换时间的开方呈正比例关系.     

Modelling of Tm3+-doped LiNbO3 Waveguide Lasers

In this work, CW laser operation of Tm³⁺-doped LiNbO₃ channel waveguides has been modelled. The model is based on time dependent laser rate equations coupled with the laser signal and pump photon flux equations. Steady state solutions for the population densities, pump and signal powers are obtained by using finite difference discretization of the active volume. The effects of spectroscopic parameters such as concentration dependent cross-relaxation and excess waveguide loss have been analyzed. We demonstrate good agreement with experimental data previously reported in Zn-diffused LiNbO₃:Tm³⁺ channel waveguide lasers. It is shown also that laser performance can be substantially improved by optimizing the cavity length.     

红外吸收光谱确定质子交换LiNbO3波导的深度

本文报道了利用红外光谱技术测量质子交换LiNbO3光波导浓度的一种新方法。该方法克服了传统的棱镜耦合技术＋IWKB方法只适用于多模波导不适用于单模波导缺点。实验结果表明该方法具有较好的准确性。     

LiNbO3 Self-Aligned Ridge Waveguide with Dielectric Side Buffers

A simple fabrication method of self-aligned ridge waveguides with dielectric side buffers is demonstrated on +Z-cut LiNbO3. The ridge waveguide is fabricated by a combination of the annealed proton exchange process and the proton-exchanged wet etching technique.     

质子交换铌酸锂光波导的红外吸收光谱

用尼高力 36 0型红外吸收光谱仪对用已二酸 (Adipicacid)和苯甲酸 (Benzoicacid)的不同摩尔比混合作为质子源进行质子交换制作的Z切铌酸锂光波导进行红外吸收光谱分析。表明 :OH-自由基团在 35 0 0cm-1处存在吸收峰 ,对应于质子交换中替代质子的特征 ,OH-氢键在 70 0cm-1处存在另一个吸收峰 ,对应于交换中的填充质子的特征。当两种不同的质子源以不同的摩尔比例混合时 ,质子源中的H 浓度不同 ,进行交换的速度也不同 ,结果导致在 35 0 0和 70 0cm-1两处的峰的强度发生变化。而这两个峰强度之比值可作为制作高质量铌酸锂光波导的重要依据 ,因此 ,对这两个峰的研究对制作高质量的铌酸锂光波导具有重要的意义     

Polarization Insensitive Wavelength Conversions by a LiNbO3 Waveguide Using a Multi-Ring Configuration

A novel configuration is proposed for polarization insensitive wavelength conversions using a LiNbO₃ waveguide with a periodically domain inverted structure. The proposed configuration consists of multiple rings, which are connected by a polarization sensitive wavelength converter such as the LiNbO₃ waveguide described. One ring containing a pump light source is used to pump the wavelength converter bidirectionally, while the other rings containing a polarization beam splitter and a 90° polarization rotator are used to couple in the input signal and extract the converted light. The proposed method is proven experimentally by the wavelength conversion based on sum frequency generation.     

准相位匹配扇形光栅铌酸锂光波导倍频绿光输出

采用外加电场极化方式对具有扇形光栅的 0 .5mm厚Z切铌酸锂晶体进行极化反转 ,制成了退火质子交换光波导。极化反转周期为 5 .8μm～ 6 .2 μm ,采用Nd∶YAG激光器输出的 1.0 6 4 μm连续激光为基频光波 ,实现了0 .5 32 μm倍频绿光输出 ,相互作用长度为 4mm ,耦入波导的基频光波功率为 10mW ,获得了 2 0 μW的绿色倍频光输出 ,归一化转换效率为 12 5 % (W·cm2 )。     

Z切LiNbO3晶体中退火质子交换光波导特性的研究

系统地研究Ｚ切ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体中质子交换波导和退火质子交换波导的特性,得到了质子交换过程中的扩散常数和激活能。发现了质子交换波导的折射率呈线性阶跃型的折射率分布。通过连续退火,波导的折射率分布由线性阶跃型向高斯型过渡。退火可分为两个阶段,波导深度的增加在第一阶段随退火时间成指数关系,第二阶段与退火时间的平方根成线性关系。     

一种质子交换铌酸锂波导与保偏尾纤对轴方法

提出了一种用宽谱光源及偏光干涉效应为质子交换铌酸锂波导与其保偏尾纤的对轴方法.将宽谱光源与待对轴的保偏光纤相熔接,当宽谱光通过保偏光纤和质子交换铌酸锂波导后,由于偏光干涉效应,相干函数上新增不同的次峰.利用各次峰的位置和幅值信息,可解算出质子交换铌酸锂波导与其保偏尾纤的对轴角度,将解算出的角度作为反馈控制信号即可实现在线对轴.     

ZnO：LiNbO3质子交换光波导层内应变的测定

报道了利用Ｘ射线双晶衍射法精确确定ＺｎＯ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３质子交换光波导的晶格常数变化，结果表明，波导层内含有均匀分布的三维应变场，晶格常数的变化随着波导取向的不同而呈现各向异性特点。     

He^＋离子注入LiNbO3晶体波导的制备及其性能研究

报道了液氮温度下Ｈｅ＾＋离子注入ＬｉＮｂＯ３波导的制备，采用棱镜耦合法测量了波导退火前后导模的有效折射率，计算了波导层折射率的分布和晶体中Ｈｅ＾＋离子的射程分布和损伤分布，两者吻合得较好。     

质子交换的新型集成光学TM通偏振器的研究

提出了用扩钛和质子交换相结合的方法在x-切,y-传的LiNbO3 衬底上制成TM 通集成光波导偏振器的新方案, 即在扩钛波导两侧的适当位置引入锯齿形的质子交换区。用二维BPM法分析了这类新型偏振器的消光特性, 给出了质子交换区几何形状以及质子交换区与扩钛波导之间的间隙对TE波消光比的影响, 给出了数值分析结果, 并得到了优于23 dB的实验结果     

质子交换LiNbO3波导调制器多模截止波长的测试技术研究

提出并实验了一种采用倒置输入的结构来测定Y分支LiNbO3波导相位调制器的多模截止波长的新方法,模式耦合分析表明,倒置输入的Y分支波导的多模传输的输出功率具有随波长变动发生振荡的特征,该特征可用于定量判定多模截止波长.方法的有效性得到了波束传播法(BPM)仿真和样品实验两方面的验证.     

利用波导调制器实现连续可调任意整形激光脉冲

目前，惯性约束聚变激光驱动哭有级的发展方向是以稳定性好的激光二极管取代原来的闪光灯泵浦，以集成光学和光纤技术取代原来的块状光学调制器进行激光脉冲的整形工艺。本文从实验上研究了以激光二极管泵浦的固体激光器作为光源，以波导调制器作为整形器件的激光脉冲的整形和频谱展工技术，获得了初步的实验结果。     

坩埚下降法生长的LiNbO3,Fe:LiNbO3,Zn:Fe:LiNbO3单晶的吸收光谱特性

用紫外可见光谱(UV／Visible Spectra)测试并研究了坩埚下降法生长的LiNbO3、Fe：LiNbO3，以及Zn：Fe：LiNbO3晶体的吸收特性。分析了产生这些吸收特性的原因以及与工艺生长方法的内在联系。研究结果表明：LiNbO3单晶沿晶体生长方向，其紫外吸收边向长波方向移动，且在350—450nm波段的吸收也逐渐增大，这是由于Li的分凝与挥发，逐渐产生缺锂所造成的；在Fe：LiNbO3单晶中观察到Fe^2 离子在480nm附近的特征吸收峰，并发现沿生长方向，Fe^2 离子的浓度逐渐增加，这与提拉法生长得到的晶体不同；在Fe：LiNbO3单晶中掺入质量分数为1．7％ZnO后，吸收边位置发生蓝移，而掺杂质量分数达到3．4％时，观察到有红移现象。Fe^2 离子在Zn：Fe：LiNbO3单晶中的浓度与ZnO掺杂量有密切关系。在掺杂质量分数1．7％ZnO的Fe：LiNbO3单晶中，Fe^2 离子从底部到顶部的浓度变化比在掺杂质量分数3．4％ZnO晶体中大，这是由于Zn^2 抑制Fe^2 离子进入Li位的能力随掺杂量的增加而逐渐减弱造成的。就该下降法工艺技术对Fe^2 离子在晶体中的浓度分布的影响作了分析。     

Erbium incorporation in LiNbO3 by diffusion-doping

 The erbium incorporation into LiNbO₃ by diffusion doping is investigated in detail by means of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Secondary Neutral Mass Spectrometry, Rutherford Backscattering, Atomic Force Microscopy, X-ray Standing Wave technique and optical site-selective spectroscopy. The diffusion of erbium in LiNbO₃ can be described by Fick’s laws of diffusion with a concentration-independent diffusion coefficient. The diffusion constants and activation energies for Z-cut (X-cut) LiNbO₃ are 4.8×10^-5 cm²/s (12.0×10^-5 cm²/s) and 2.28 eV (2.44 eV), respectively. A limited solubility of erbium in LiNbO₃ has to be taken into account increasing exponentially with rising temperature. During the first step of diffusion an Er _x Nb _y -oxide layer is formed at the surface of the sample acting as diffusion reservoir. Erbium is incorporated into LiNbO₃ on vacant Li-sites slightly shifted from the original Li-position along the (-c)-direction. Site-selective spectroscopy found four distinguishable energetically different erbium centres at this lattice site resulting from locally different symmetries of the crystal field. Received: 21 March 1996 / Accepted: 12 August 1996     

LiNbO_3与掺铁LiNbO_3晶体的光谱性能

在 L i Nb O3中掺进 Fe2 O3生长了 Fe∶ Li Nb O3晶体。对晶体进行氧化、还原处理 ,测试了 Fe∶ Li Nb O3晶体的吸收光谱以及 Li Nb O3和 Fe∶ L i Nb O3晶体的拉曼光谱 ,研究了氧化还原处理对晶体的光谱影响。     

Theoretical Study of the Statistical Properties of Single- and Double-Pass M-Mode Er3+-Ti:LiNbO3 Straight Waveguide Amplifiers

Abstract

In this article, we report a theoretical study concerning some statistical parameters which characterize the single- and double-pass Er³⁺-doped Ti:LiNbO₃ M-mode straight waveguides. For the derivation and the evaluation of the Fano factor, the statistical fluctuation and the spontaneous emission factor we used a quasi two-level model in the small gain approximation and the unsaturated regime. The simulation results show the evolution of these parameters under various pump regimes and waveguide lengths. The obtained results can be used for the design of complex rare earth-doped integrated circuits.     

Optical Waveguide Formed in RbTiOPO4 Crystal by 6.0 MeV O^3＋ Implantation

A planar optical waveguide was formed in RbTiOP04 crystal by 6.0-MeV oxygen ion implantation with the dose of 2 × 10^15 ions/cm2 at room temperature. Annealing at 200℃ for 30min in air is performed to improve the thermal stability of the waveguide. The dark modes of the waveguide are measured at wavelengths 633 and 1539 nm, respectively. The refractive index profiles in the guiding layer are reconstructed by using the reflectivity calculation method. TRIM＇98 code was carried out to simulate the damage profiles caused by the implantation process to obtain a better understanding of the waveguide formation.