微机械FP腔可调谐滤波器在WDM系统中的串扰分析

介绍了一种以FP谐振腔为基础,用于波分复用系统的MOEMS器件-电控可调谐FP光滤波器.器件采用微电子机械加工技术研制.研究了FP型解复用器在密集波分复用系统中引入的信道间串扰对系统的影响,并分别讨论了激光器线宽、滤波器带宽、信道间距对串扰的影响.在信道间隔为100GHz,激光器线宽为5GHz,串扰可达到-21dB左右.     

用于高数值孔径物镜的可调光瞳滤波器

根据矢量衍射理论，提出了一种用于提高高数值孔径显微物镜纵向分辨率的可调二元环形光瞳滤波器，通过改变滤波器的环半径获得不同的纵向分辨率，并利用共焦显微术点扩散函数的乘积性大大地降低了旁瓣相对主瓣的比值。模拟结果表明，这种新型滤波器不仅可以提高高数值孔径物镜的纵向分辨率，同时基本上不影响横向分辨率。     

利奥型可调谐液晶电光滤波器的特性分析

根据液晶的电光效应和利奥滤波器的原理设计了利奥型液晶电光调谐滤波器，并且从理论上和实验上证明了其可行性；为了克服其在红外波段的缺点，设计了法布里-珀罗腔液晶可调谐滤波器，并且给出了理论模拟。理论模拟证明法布里-珀罗腔液晶可调谐滤波器具有调谐范围大、带宽窄的优点。     

Tunable Filters with Narrow-Band in Bulk SLA for DWDM Networks

The filter mechanism of a tunable filter with narrow-band in bulk semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA) is analyzed, which is suitable for dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) optical fiber networks. The wavelength selectivity of the filter is derived from nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM) in semiconductor gain medium. It uses the direction of propagation to separate the desired wave-mixing product from the other light beams. The filters are shown to have very narrow passbands (subangstrom bandwidth) tunable over the entire semiconductor gain bandwidth. We gave the theoretical analysis of NDFWM effect in semiconductor gain medium is given and a set of nonlinear coupled wave equations is deduced, which are processed efficiently by Runge-Kutta method in numerical simulation. The influences of various structural parameters of the filter on the output bandwidth and efficiency were also discussed.     

电压压调谐多级液晶滤光片的理论研究

依据电压调谐多级液晶滤光片的设计原理,给出了设计实例。主要讨论了三片液晶盒组成的多级滤光片,在滤光片系统中液晶盒可以采用相同厚度,也可以使厚度成一定比例。厚度成比例的多级滤光片,其透射波长可通过调节外加电压而连续改变,调谐范围400~800 nm,覆盖整个可见光区;采用相同厚度液晶盒组成的多级滤光片可以从多条谱线中滤出所需要的波长。原理上两种形式都可以获得性能良好的滤光片。     

液晶法布里-玻罗滤波器可调谐特性分析

分析了液晶法布里－玻罗可调滤波器中介质反射镜反射相位引起的峰值波长漂移. 液晶法－玻滤波器通过外加电压调谐峰值波长, 反射相位会导致峰值波长漂移使器件不能达到DWDM系统的使用要求. 本文推导了一套计算反射镜反射相位的公式,将它应用于液晶法-玻可调滤波器的理论设计, 模拟结果定量表示了反射相位对峰值波长造成的影响. 这对确定液晶可调滤波器峰值波长和设计器件电驱动装置具有重要意义. 由此设计了一个在光通讯波段可单调调谐的液晶法-玻滤波器.     

Tunable Filters with Narrow Band in Bulk SLA for DWDM Networks

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采用电光效应实现双折射切趾的集成光学声光可调谐滤波器

声光可调谐滤波器（AOTF）是密集波分复用系统（DWDM）中的关键器件之一。影响该器件性能的一个主要因素是透过率曲线中旁瓣的存在。基于双折射切趾的原理，提出了利用LiNbO3 电光效应来实现切趾的新方案。对该方法进行了理论和实验两方面的研究，实验结果与理论基本相符。     

带宽可调的斜边光纤光栅滤波器的设计与制作

基于遗传算法设计了斜边三角形光纤光栅(EFBG)的折射率调制函数;提出了光纤外径沿轴向变化、在拉应力下可获得可调谐的斜边三角形光纤光栅;计算分析了该器件多个物理参量对反射光谱的影响。在实验中,采用紫外激光扫描辐照方法,制备了短波边斜边带宽为0．7nm、反射率为96％的斜边三角形光纤光栅;采用程序控制氢氟酸腐蚀方法获得外径从原始62．5μm减小到45μm、在85mm长度内按设计要求变化的光纤光栅。对该光纤光栅施加从。到1．715N变化的拉力时,其反射光谱短波边的斜边带宽从0．7nm增加到2．3nm,实现了一种带宽大范围可调的斜边光纤光栅。     

A Pixelized Variable Optical Attenuator Using Liquid Crystal on Silicon Technology for Tunable Filters

We apply liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) in 0.8-$mUm standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology to demonstrate a low-cost, high-performance pixelized liquid crystal variable optical attenuator (VOA) with pulse width modulation. We then build a prototype tunable filter by using this VOA along with a grating in the Littrow configuration. With the application of 5-V pulse width modulation, the proposed VOA achieves a 5.6-dB insertion loss, a dynamic range of more than 20 dB, a 50-GHz channel spacing capability, and a polarization-dependent loss (PDL) of less than 0.6 dB at 15-dB attenuation. Our VOA is suitable for applications such as dynamic channel gain equalizers, channel-blocking filters, sub-components of re-configurable add-drop modules, and wavelength selectors.     

Fractional Penetrations for Electrostatically Charged Fibrous Filters in the Submicron Particle Size Range

Particle penetrations through commercially available, electrically charged fibrous filters have been measured. The particles were monodisperse and in charge equilibrium. Tests were conducted for several particle sizes in the range 0.02 μm ≤ x ≤ 1 μm. The face velocity was varied in the range of 2 cm/s to 30 cm/s. The penetration has a bimodal dependence on particle size. This behaviour is not found for uncharged filters. The reduction in penetration and bimodal dependence is attributed to electrical collection effects. As the face velocity is increased, the electrostatic collection effects are significantly reduced. The results agree quantitatively with a model for particle penetration through charged fibrous filters recently presented in the literature by the authors.     

用正弦变频滤波器抑制孤子间的相互作用

提出用正统变频滤波器抑制孤子间的相互作用，并对上变频滤波器、下变频滤波器、交叉变频滤波器在抑制孤子相互作用方面的效应进行了数值研究。结果表明，正弦变频滤波器是最为有效的。     

Measurement on Spot Size Dependence of Dense WDM Dielectric Multilayer Filters

We present the spot size dependence of dielectric multilayer filters for use in dense WDM systems. We found large dependences of filter performances on the spot size and the incident angle of input light, which should be important for miniaturizing multi-channel add/drop filters.     

Size Tunable Fabrication of Magnetic Alginate Microparticles Using Flow Focusing Microfluidics

The size tunable formulation of magnetic alginate microparticles (MAMs) using a 3D flow-focusing microfluidic device is reported. The droplet phase consists of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in an alginate solution and the continuous phase consists of fluorocarbon oils. The stability of IONP colloids in alginate and calcium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid solutions using optical microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurements is studied. These studies suggest that IONPs coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) are most stable. MAMs using the PEG-coated IONP colloid are then formulated and it is studied how MAM the average size and coefficient of variance vary as a function of droplet and continuous phase flow rates and viscosities. Droplet and MAM size decrease when the carrier flow rate or viscosity increases, and droplet and MAM size increase when droplet flow rate or viscosity increases. Crosslinking and drying of droplets result in MAMs whose diameter is ≈44% less than the original droplets while maintaining a population coefficient of variance below 8%. Conditions are identified that enable fabrication of MAMs with diameters between 30 and 60 µm with coefficients of variance of ≈6–7%. These results may guide future work exploring the role of MAM size on various applications.     

High Frequency and High Mode Purity Operations of Gyrotron FU IVA

The cavity of the newest gyrotron, Gyrotron FU IVA in the high frequency series of Fukui University gyrotrons (the Gyrotron FU series) is designed to minimize the mode conversion from the main cavity mode to the higher modes. In this paper, the experimental results are compared with simulations for the complete gyrotron oscillator. The gyrotron has an additional advantage to cover the wide frequency range in submillimeter wave region.     

Speed of Gamma Rays Emitted by High Speed Particles

Experiments alleged to confirm the absolute speed of light by Sadeh, Fillipas and Fox, and those done at CERN on the emission of gamma rays by high speed particles are shown to be inconclusive. These experiments have been interpreted quantitatively on the basis of an “extinction” hypothesis formulated by J. G. Fox for which there is no experimental confirmation or denial. Rather than confirming the absolute speed of light, these null result experiments can also be regarded as merely showing the obliteration of the relative speed of light as it propagates through various media.     

面对称高速飞行器横侧向耦合失控特性

针对面对称高速飞行器滚转-偏航通道间存在的运动耦合、典型气动耦合和控制耦合,建立了耦合动力学模型,推导了耦合模态的数学描述;提出了基于滚转偏航/稳定比和副翼滚转/偏航操纵比的耦合模态分析方法,分析了副翼操纵对偏航通道的耦合影响程度;针对控制耦合引起的非最小相位特性,提出了基于偏航稳定力矩导数、副翼-偏航耦合力矩导数以及方向舵产生偏航力矩导数的控制耦合偏离边界条件,根据偏航稳定力矩导数、副翼-偏航耦合力矩导数的相对位置关系,确定控制耦合偏离区域,并分析了副翼控制滚转时的耦合失控特性.最后对失控特性进行了仿真验证,结果表明了耦合特性分析方法的有效性.      

A Review of Signal Enhancement and Noise Reduction Techniques for Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

Abstract: Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), as a noninvasive spectroscopic method, permits high-resolution, high-sensitivity, fast, in situ absorption measurements of atomic and molecular species and narrow spectral features in gaseous, solid, and liquid phases. Advances in new diode laser sources and laser spectroscopic techniques generally have triggered an increasing application of TDLAS in various disciplines (for example, atmospheric environmental monitoring, chemical analysis, industrial process control, medical diagnostics and combustion monitoring, etc.) over the last four decades. This article reviews some important developments in TDLAS, from its basic principles as a spectroscopic tool to the demonstration of gas absorption measurements, emphasizing signal enhancement and noise reduction techniques developed for improving current TDLAS performance.     

Feasibility of Non-Collinear TeO2 Acoustic-Optic Tunable Filters Used in the Optical Communication

The characteristics and the structure of TeO2 acoustic-optic tunable filter used in communication are discussed briefly based on the acoustic-optic theory and it is shown that a large optical incident angle and a long interaction length are suitable for the optical add/drop multiplexer based on the TeO2 acoustic-optic tunable filter. The distribution of acoustic energy flow in the device supports the large optical incident angle. The long interaction length depends on the change of the device structure to some degree. The measured results of the samples show that the diffraction efficiency reaches at 96% in the tuning range larger than lOOnm and the bandwidth is about 2nm. It can be found that there is a good consistency with the basic theoretical mode. The optimized design result shows that the diffraction efficiency can arrive at 100%, and the bandwidth can be less than 0.4nm. Thus, the non-collinear TeO2 acoustic-optic tunable filter can play an important role in the coming general optical network.     

Size Tunable Synthesis of Highly Crystalline BaTiO3 Nanoparticles using Salt-Assisted Spray Pyrolysis

Highly crystalline, dense BaTiO₃ nanoparticles in a size range from 30 to 360nm with a narrow size distribution (_g = 1.2–1.4) were prepared at various synthesis temperatures using a salt-assisted spray pyrolysis (SASP) method without the need for post-annealing. The effect of synthesis temperature on particle size, crystallinity and surface morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning/transmission electron microscopy. The nature of the crystalline structure was analyzed by Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopy. The particle size decreased with decreasing operation temperature. The crystal phase was transformed from tetragonal to cubic at a particles size of about 50nm at room temperature. SASP can be used to produce high weight fraction of tetragonal BaTiO₃ nanoparticles down to 64nm in a single step.