分立式与分布式光纤传感关键技术研究进展

光纤传感技术已广泛应用于航空航天、石油化工、电子电力、土木工程、生物医药等领域,其技术形式主要体现为分立式和分布式.分立式光纤传感技术利用光纤敏感器件作为传感器来感知被测参量的变化,光纤作为光信号的传输通道连接光纤传感器及后端的解调装置;分布式光纤传感系统基于光纤瑞利散射、拉曼散射或布里渊散射等光学效应,利用光纤本身作为传感器,可对沿途的光信号进行大范围、长距离传感.本文介绍了分立式与分布式光纤传感中主要关键技术的研究进展,并对未来的研究和发展方向进行了探讨.     

一种掺钕光纤激光器与倍频技术实现的数值模拟

从双包层光纤激光器的速率方程和光传输方程出发，建立数学模型，进行数值计算并对掺钕光纤激光器输出功率沿光纤的分布以及不同光纤长度下抽运功率和输出功率沿光纤的分布进行了数值模拟。以808nm半导体激光器为抽运源，掺钕双包层光纤为增益介质，并以KTP作为倍频晶体，计算并模拟其倍频效率和相位匹配角。最后，对光纤激光器及其倍频的实现进行了模拟研究。结果表明，该光纤激光器能够高效率地实现可见光输出。     

In-line fiber optic structures for environmental sensing applications

Fiber optic sensors based on the interaction of surface plasmons or evanescent waves with the surrounding environment are usually obtained by tapering an optical fiber, which significantly weakens the structure, or by use of just the end of the optical fiber. A fiber optic structure that maintains the structural integrity of the optical fiber with a long environmental interaction length is presented. Graded-index optical fiber elements are used as lenses, and a coreless optical fiber acts as the environmental interaction area. These elements are fused by an optical fiber splicer and result in a continuous fiber optic sensing system.     

锥形光纤间耦合特性的分析与检测

将通信光纤的末端拉制成锥形，利用光信号在光纤锥形区特有的传输和耦合特性，实现了光纤的耦合、连接和分束。用耦合模理论分析了锥形光纤间的传输和耦合性质，给出了光信号两锥形光纤间的耦合与两锥形光纤的距离和锥形区重叠长度等实验结果。     

Pressure sensing utilizing linear cavity erbium-doped fiber laser

In this paper, we report a fiber laser pressure sensor based on linear cavity erbium-doped fiber laser. The fiber laser structure comprises of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a circulator, an optical coupler and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) which acts simultaneously as a lasing wavelength selecting components as well as a pressure sensor. The FBG is fitted to the shock tube where the pressure is applied. The fiber laser pressure sensor has a low threshold power of 7 mW, an output power of 2.28 mW and an optical signal to noise ratio over 55 dB. The proposed fiber laser sensor is expected to be an attractive choice for long-distance pressure monitoring.     

掺铒光纤光栅的开关动力学特征研究

研究在连续光入射下掺饵光纤光栅的开关动力学特征，发展其开关过程有类似于相变的特征。数值结果表明，主动光纤光栅在连续光条件下更适合于脉冲串产生。     

氟锆酸盐玻璃光纤的研制

本文介绍聚全氟乙丙烯包皮的氟锆酸盐(ZrF_4-BaF_2-LaF_3-AlF_3-NaF)玻璃光纤的制备方法.研究了各种工艺因素对氟锆酸盐玻璃和光纤散射损耗的影响.结果表明,选择适当的熔化温度和均化时间,玻璃熔化和光纤拉制时环境中低的水含量是制得的损耗氟锆酸盐玻璃光纤的关键;配合料中引入适量NH_4HF_2,选用温度结构合理的拉丝炉及拉丝工艺也有助于降低光纤的损耗.在此工作基础上,获得了波长2.32μm处损耗为0.24dB/m的氟锆酸盐玻璃光纤.     

锥形光纤间的耦合特性

将通信光纤的末端拉制成锥形,利用光信号在光纤锥形区特有的传输和耦合特性,实现了光纤的耦合、连接和分束.用耦合模理论分析了锥形光纤间的传输和耦合性质,给出了光信号两锥形光纤间的耦合与两锥形光纤的距离和锥形区重叠长度等实验结果.     

Microstructured polymer fiber laser

A microstructured polymer optical fiber doped with Rhodamine 6G dye was fabricated and demonstrated as an optical amplifier and a fiber laser. As an amplifier, the fiber achieved a gain in excess of 30 dB. As a pulsed fiber laser, the fiber exhibited a threshold of 20 microJ, a slope efficiency of 18%, and a lifetime as high as 130,000 shots at 10 Hz. The maximum output energy was 16 microJ. The advantages that such fibers offer lie in the simplicity and flexibility of their fabrication and in their potential for use as compact, tunable solid-state sources.     

用于液压传感的双芯光子晶体光纤

采用全矢量有限元方法进行光纤设计优化,得到横截面上失去两层空气洞的双芯光子晶体光纤,可用于液压传感.优化的双芯光子晶体光纤的模场半径和数值孔径与单模光纤基本一致,在优化的双芯光子晶体光纤和单模光纤之间有一个相对较低的熔接损耗.计算结果表明由模场半径和数值孔径导致的不匹配造成的总共损耗可低至0.026 dB,低于传统光子晶体光纤和单模光纤0.1 dB的直接熔接损耗.对基于20 cm双芯光子晶体光纤的液压传感器的性能进行研究,结果表明在0～500 MPa量程内的灵敏度为-1.6 pm/MPa.     

光纤陀螺受辐照影响机理分析

构成光纤陀螺敏感器件的保偏光纤环在辐射环境中损耗会增加,陀螺的精度随之降低,从而限制了光纤陀螺在空间中的应用。采用60Co作为辐射源模拟空间辐射环境,对光纤陀螺及其光电器件进行了大量的试验,并对光纤陀螺及其光电器件受空间辐射影响的机理进行了研究,得出光纤陀螺光电器件中保偏光纤环受辐射影响最严重,从而重点分析了光纤陀螺敏感器件保偏光纤环的辐射影响机理,从原理上探讨了保偏光纤环在辐射条件下损耗的增加对光纤陀螺的影响,为光纤陀螺抗辐射加固技术提供了理论基础。     

48-波长线形腔多波长掺铒光纤激光器

采用两个光纤环镜作为腔镜构成线形腔可调谐多波长掺铒光纤激光器.将铒光纤浸入77 K的液氮中,选择可调谐光纤环镜作为输出腔镜,利用Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的滤波特性和输出端光纤环镜反射率的宽带可调特性,获得了波长间隔～0.4 nm、最大波长数目48个的多波长激光的稳定输出,同时实现了在1525～1555 nm范围内,多波长激光运转区域的灵活调节.     

Cavity-enhanced spectroscopy in optical fibers

Cavity-enhanced methods have been extended to fiber optics by use of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as reflectors. High-finesse fiber cavities were fabricated from FBGs made in both germanium/boron-co-doped photosensitive fiber and hydrogen-loaded Corning SMF-28 fiber. Optical losses in these cavities were determined from the measured Fabry-Perot transmission spectra and cavity ring-down spectroscopy. For a 10-m-long single-mode fiber cavity, ring-down times in excess of 2 ms were observed at 1563.6 nm, and individual laser pulses were resolved. An evanescent-wave access block was produced within a fiber cavity, and an enhanced sensitivity to optical loss was observed as the external medium's refractive index was altered.     

A four-passed ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier

In this paper, a four-passed ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (YDFA) is discussed. The gain and the pump and the signal light propagation characteristics of the four-passed YDFA are described. It is found that, while using a shorter length of the fiber, a four-passed fiber amplifier can realize the same output power as a single-pass fiber amplifier, and, for the same fiber lengths, a four-passed fiber amplifier offers a significantly higher power than its single-pass counterpart.     

保偏光纤光栅温度传感性能的实验研究

在经过氢敏化处理的保偏光纤上制作了中心波长在1300 nm窗口的光纤布拉格光栅，并对这种保偏光纤布拉格光栅的温度传感特性进行了实验研究与理论分析。结果表明这种光栅可以用作温度传感器，对温度进行测量。和普通的标准单模光纤布拉格光栅一样，它对温度的响应具有很好的线性关系。本实验结果还可以作为对保偏光纤光栅传感特性进一步深入研究的参考。     

超细低水峰抗弯损光纤的设计及制作

采用全合成预制棒制造法（VAD＋OVD）和改进的G.652.D光纤拉制法制造光纤.研究了工艺中光纤芯径的大小、第一包层的厚度、芯包折射率差、芯包比等参量与光纤弯曲性能的关系,并据此制作了几种超细低水峰抗弯损光纤.该光纤的裸光纤直径约80 μm,涂覆后成品光纤直径约140 μm,当弯曲半径不小于7.5 mm时,能够在1 260～1 625 nm整个波段内满足DWMD的传输要求.     

Single-frequency laser oscillator with watts-level output power at 1.5 microm by use of a twisted-mode technique

We report an all-fiber laser oscillator producing as much as 1.9 W of single-frequency direct output at 1.5 microm. Spatial gain hole burning in the active fiber has been eliminated by use of a twisted-mode cavity approach. The two short pieces of a polarization-maintaining fiber that were spliced to the ends of the active fiber served as ultracompact quarter-wave plates. To our knowledge, the use of such a wave plate to manipulate the polarization state of light inside a fiber laser cavity is reported here for the first time. The laser output is linearly polarized and delivered through a polarization-maintaining fiber pigtail. We believe that the output power of our laser is the highest among all single-frequency fiber laser oscillators reported to date.     

Fiber optic sensor based on a sagnac interferometer including a recirculating-ring delay line with an edfa

We present a theoretical and experimental investigation of a Sagnac interferometer incorporating a fiber optic recirculating-ring delay line with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier to increase the effective length of the Sagnac loop and thereby improve the low-frequency response. Theoretical calculations show that the low-frequency response of the interferometer is enhanced as expected. However, the noise penalty of using a fiber amplifier in the ring is quite high, especially at low frequencies. The signal-to-noise ratio at low frequencies, using a superfluorescent erbium fiber source, is demonstrated as increasing by a factor of 2 compared to a single-loop Sagnac interferometer with the same total length of fiber, but without fiber amplifier.     

Externally-modulated high-power fiber grating ring laser for digital transmission

We have constructed a low-cost, double-cavity erbium-doped fiber ring laser with a fiber Bragg grating and a 2×2 coupler. A high output power of 8.7 dBm and a signal-to-noise-floor ratio of 43 dB were demonstrated. This fiber grating ring laser is used as the light source for the 2.488 Gb/s transmission experiment through a 100 km single mode fiber. To our knowledge, this is the first time a fiber grating ring laser is being used as an externally modulated source for digital transmission.     

Single-transverse-mode output from a fiber laser based on multimode interference

An alternative original approach to achieve single-transverse-mode laser emissions from multimode (MM) active fibers is demonstrated. The fiber cavity is constructed by simply splicing a conventional passive single-mode fiber (SMF-28) onto a few centimeters-long active MM fiber section whose length is precisely controlled. Owing to the self-imaging property of multimode interference (MMI) in the MM fiber, diffraction-limited laser output is obtained from the end of the SMF-28, and the MMI fiber laser is nearly as efficient as the corresponding MM fiber laser. Moreover, because of the spectral filtering effect during in-phase MMI, the bandwidth of the MMI fiber laser is below 0.5 nm.