光纤型热光可调光衰减器的设计及其衰减分析

提出了一种基于热光调节的可调光衰减器结构。该衰减器通过腐蚀光纤包层到一定厚度和长度后,在表面涂覆较大热光系数的聚合物材料得到。从模场变化角度分析了传输光束的衰减与涂覆材料折射率的关系,并从实验上测试了使用不同涂覆材料时的衰减。理论分析与实验结果均表明在涂覆材料折射率略大于原光纤包层材料折射率时,涂覆材料折射率微小的变化将引起传播光束衰减的大幅度变化,并且光纤被腐蚀的长度越长或包层材料剩余厚度越小,衰减越大。因此,由热光系数大、折射率略大于光纤包层的聚合物材料所组成的可调光纤衰减器,具有衰减调节范围大且功耗小、插入损耗小、成本低、低偏振特性、易于与其它光纤器件耦合或集成等特点。     

A Pixelized Variable Optical Attenuator Using Liquid Crystal on Silicon Technology for Tunable Filters

We apply liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) in 0.8-$mUm standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology to demonstrate a low-cost, high-performance pixelized liquid crystal variable optical attenuator (VOA) with pulse width modulation. We then build a prototype tunable filter by using this VOA along with a grating in the Littrow configuration. With the application of 5-V pulse width modulation, the proposed VOA achieves a 5.6-dB insertion loss, a dynamic range of more than 20 dB, a 50-GHz channel spacing capability, and a polarization-dependent loss (PDL) of less than 0.6 dB at 15-dB attenuation. Our VOA is suitable for applications such as dynamic channel gain equalizers, channel-blocking filters, sub-components of re-configurable add-drop modules, and wavelength selectors.     

基于内反射效应的可变光学衰减器

提出一种基于内反射原理的可变光学衰减器,这种利用一加长的棱镜和涂于棱镜上下两底面的SiO2薄膜的简单结构,使随入射角变化的反射光实现弱偏振相关和大动态范围的衰减。     

Twin-Bladed Microelectro Mechanical Systems Variable Optical Attenuator

The design and evaluation of a microelectro mechanical systems (MEMS) based variable optical attenuator is reported. The device contains two blades, which are each driven by a separate electrostatic comb microactuator, and move independently to form a variable slit. This device has been fabricated in silicon-on-insulator material which has been back-etched. Electro-mechanical design considerations, including factors to minimise the side instability of the comb drive, are described. Finite element modelling (FEM) of the variable optical attenuator (VOA) is backed up by theoretical results, and the results from the theoretical work verify the findings from the FEM. Optical modelling of the VOA using near field diffraction theory is also reported. Experimentally, the device was driven from 0-34V DC to measure its static characteristics. For dynamic characterisation, the device was operated from 0-28 V AC and its fundamental resonant frequency was measured to be 3 kHz. Optical measurements including wavelength dependent attenuation are also presented.     

一种新型微机电系统可调光衰减器

一种新型的低成本、小体积的电磁驱动微机电系统可调光衰减器,可用于密集波分复用系统中各信道的动态增益平衡。该器件采用电磁线圈驱动绕100微轴转动的微反射镜,运动部件行程极小。驱动电压为0～8V,工作范围0～35dB,动态响应时间小于2ms,插入损耗小于0．8dB,回波损耗小于-50．5dB。器件采用微细电火花加工技术制作,加工精度为微米量级。技术成熟,工艺简单,易于批量生产。采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对器件的结构建模,对电磁场及衰减曲线进行了理论分析,并与实测数据进行了比较,得出了相当满意的结果。     

位错型微机械可变光衰减器的研究

介绍了一种基于微机械技术实现的可变光衰减器,通过微电磁驱动器改变输入输出光纤之间的径向偏移量来调整衰减量。基于波导传输理论分析确定了器件的结构参量,并通过集成电路微细加工工艺实现了器件的制作和封装。测试结果表明,该可变光衰减器的插入损耗小于1dB,动态范围约35dB,工作电压小于5V,偏振相关损耗小于0.1dB,体积为20mm×15mm×8mm,有望为全光网提供一种低成本,高性能的光通信器件。     

基于三波导耦合的聚合物电光可调光衰减器

可调光衰减器(VOA)是密集波分复用(DWDM)网络中的重要器件之一,它的一个重要应用是实现多通道间的功率均衡。提出了一种基于三波导耦合结构的聚合物电光可调光衰减器的设计方案,即利用两个旁侧波导耦合掉主通道波导中的光,从而达到衰减的目的。并运用束传播法(BPM)对该器件进行了相关性能的模拟、分析及优化,使得该结构衰减达到60 dB,驱动电压为11.3 V,插入损耗为0.48 dB。该结构有效的降低了驱动电压,并使该结构的高衰减可调光衰减器得以实现。     

Closed-Loop Control of MEMS Variable Optical Attenuator (VOA)

This paper reports the development of an optical power regulator based on surface-micromachined variable optical attenuators (VOAs). By use of closed-loop control circuits, each VOA module implements the functions of power setpoint tracking, disturbance rejection and ripple suppression.     

Temperature Insensitive Open Loop Attenuation Control of a Liquid Crystal Based VOA

A patent pending open-loop liquid crystal based variable optical attenuator is introduced. The temperature dependent performance is compensated through electric monitoring and adjustment utilizing liquid crystal’s opto-electronic properties.     

基于硅基液晶显示技术的可见光光学目标模拟器的研制

为了产生制导武器仿真系统中所需的逼真的目标背景图像,建立了基于硅基液晶显示技术的可见光光学目标模拟器。给出了模拟器图像输出的实际效果图以及光学参量的测试方法和数据。测试表明,该装置有较好的亮度、对比度和均匀性,与传统的阴极射线管显示技术相比有效减轻了图像闪烁问题,能够提供稳定的视频输出,更有利于仿真系统中对动态目标的识别,是一种较为理想的图像模拟装置。同时给出了双复眼光学系统初始结构的计算方法并推导出简单的计算公式,该算法可以应用于其他双复眼照明系统中。     

基于液晶可调滤光片的广角多光谱成像光学系统设计

基于液晶可调滤光片(Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter,LCTF)的分光原理,设计一种工作谱段为400~720nm,焦距4.5mm,视场角140°,F数为1.28的广角多光谱成像光学系统。该光学系统由前端光学镜头、LCTF和成像镜头组成,其中前端光学系统镜头将入射光束进行扩束,同时将入射光束的广角视场缩小至LCTF可接收角度范围内;LCTF利用液晶材料的电控双折射效应,实现对某一波长光信号的选择透过。根据多光谱成像系统的总体方案,对光学系统的各光学参数进行合理选取。设计结果表明,整个系统在120lp/mm的空间频率处轴上及轴外的调制传递函数MTF均大于0.4。     

基于液晶电视屏的可编程实时光学图象预处理器

本文报道一个新颖的实时光学图象预处理器。该预处理器采用一个经过改装的微型黑白液晶电视可进行电压控制的实时光学对比度翻转和边缘增强处理。文中给出其工作原理、结构及处理结果。     

萘二甲酰亚氨基席夫碱类液晶材料的三阶非线性光学性能研究

采用波长λ=532nm和脉宽г0=35ps的Nd:YAG锁模脉冲激光,运用双光束前向简并四波混频（DFWM）的方法,测量了两种萘二甲亚氨基席夫碱类液晶材料的三阶非线性效应,测得其离共振三阶非线性系数X^(3)及响应时间,计算了它们的超极化率γ^(3)和非线性折射率n2,同时探讨了它们的非线性形成机制。     

Thermal and Optical Properties of Some Hydrogen-Bonded Liquid Crystal Mixtures

Phase transition properties of the mixtures of hydrogen-bonded nematic liquid crystals (HBLC) 4-hexylbenzoic acid (6BA), 4-(octyloxy)benzoic acid (8OBA), and 4-(decyloxy)benzoic acid (10OBA) have been investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarize optic microscope (POM). The DSC and POM results clearly indicate the existence of smectic and nematic phase transitions in binary mixtures. The phase transition temperature values of 6BA/10OBA mixtures have clearly increased with increasing heating rate. The activation energies were calculated for the phase transitions of 6BA/10OBA liquid crystal (LC) mixture. The optical transmittance of these mixed hydrogen-bonded nematic liquid crystals was investigated in terms of temperature variations through electrooptic methods. The electrooptic experiments indicate that, while low in the nematic phase, the optical transmittance is very high at the nematic-isotropic phase transition. The transmitted light intensity values of 6BA/8OBA mixture are somewhat higher than those of other binary mixtures, 6BA/10OBA and 8OBA/10OBA, a result associated with the different alkyloxy chain lengths.     

Fast Optical Switching Using Oriented Cyanine Dye-Doped Nematic Liquid Crystal

A cyanine dye, 2-[7-（1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene）-1,3,5-heptatrienyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium iodide （NK-125）, is doped in 4-cyano-4＇-pentylbiphenyl （5 CB）, and the mixture is sandwiched between two pieces of rubbed glass plates. The third-order nonlinear optical properties of the oriented NK-125-SCB layers are measured by the resonant femtosecond degenerate four-wave mixing （DFWM） technique at 760 nm. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of one of the present samples is 5.5×10^-8 esu. The slow DFWM response of the NK-125-SCB layers due to a population grating is accelerated by the increasing laser power because of amplified spontaneous emission （ASE）. On the other hand, we do not observe a similar phenomenon for NK-125- polyethylene glycol （PEG-400）. Oriented NK-125 molecules in nematic liquid crystals must have very high ASE efficiency. Hence the population grating in a DFWM signal disappears within about 4 ps. It is expected that NK-125-SCB can be used as a material for very fast all-optical switching.     

一种用于光学成像系统的新型液晶相位调制器

研制出新型平行排列的二维阵列液晶相位调制器(LCPM),利用此相位调制器在Zygo干涉仪上进行了泽尼克(Zernike)多项式的产生和畸变波前调制的实验。能够很好地产生泽尼克多项式的前2~8项面形,用16项泽尼克模式对畸变波前进行了调制,峰谷(PV)值可由调制前的0.831λ减小到调制后的0.444λ,均方根(RMS)由调制前的0.181λ减小到调制后0.066λ,斯特列尔比(Strehl ratio,SR)由调制前的0.257达到调制后的0.844。实验结果表明,在光学成像系统中,利用平行排列的液晶相位调制器,进行波前像差的调制可以使成像质量得到很好的改善。     

600mm望远镜液晶自适应系统成像光路设计

为了与600 mm望远镜匹配以验证液晶自适应光学的有效性,利用Zemax光学设计软件进行了液晶自适应光学系统的设计和优化.根据望远镜的参量、大气湍流的特性和液晶的特点提出设计要求,然后进行光学系统设计和Zemax软件模拟优化,设计出了满足要求的系统.对该光学系统进行性能评价.设计出的系统与望远镜的组合焦距为35 m, F数为58.求得光学系统在像面处的极限线分辨力为44.8 μm,成像CCD的像元尺寸为16 μm,满足采样定理.液晶自适应光学系统的调制传递函数与衍射极限传递函数非常接近,而且系统的光程差像差在0.1λ左右,说明系统具备优良的光学性能.     

Optical Super-Resolution Pickup Using a Liquid Crystal Shutter for CAD-MSR Magnetooptical Disk

We demonstrated characteristics of an optical super-resolution pickup using a liquid crystal (LC) shutter as a shading plate. The problem of laser power loss was solved by an LC shutter which was turned off for writing and turned on for reading. Combining this with CAD-MSR disk, we obtained good signals of high-density recording. This combination increases efficiency of laser power and does not require a slit to eliminate side-lobes. The laser power efficiency for writing is as high as 34% and linear bit density reaches 0.255 μm/bit even with a wavelength of 680 nm and an objective lens NA of 0.60.     

螺状相液晶旋光特性理论模拟与实验研究

利用旋光理论模拟了一种用于螺状相液晶显示器(CH-LCD)的螺状相液晶的旋光率与入射波长、螺距的关系,并从理论上给予定量分析;用磁光调制倍频法测试了这种螺状相液晶旋光率随温度变化的规律,并利用所测的旋光率的值计算得出这种螺状相液晶的螺距、折射率、及双折射率随温度变化的规律;对模拟结果给予了实验验证。