CCD摄像系统镜头的畸变测量

从畸变定义出发,讨论了畸变数学模型,介绍了精密测角法与比长法综合测量畸变的原理。通过放大率法标定出CCD探测器的像素距离当量,通过质心法求出点目标的质心,质心与原点的像素距离乘以像素距离当量得到精确长度。利用正切函数求出绝对畸变值,用最小二乘法解多组数据超定方程,求出拟和公式的系数。实际计算和数据处理结果表明：畸变数学模型在中视场范围内拟合效果很好。     

旋涡的场特征与物质性──离散涡方法基础

旋涡的场特征与物质性──离散涡方法基础吴文权（华东工业大学，上海，２０００９３）关键词旋涡动力学，旋涡场性，旋涡物质性众人关注的不稳定、非定常、分离流动无不与旋涡有关。因而对旋涡的研究吸引了人们的注意。尤其是近来非线性科学的发展，提供了新的思想、方法...     

Weyl Spinor and Solution of Massless Free Field Equations

The massless field equations for arbitrary spin in curved space-time arereconsidered. The general solution of the field equation in Robertson-Walkerspace-time that was previously determined is briefly discussed after explicitlyshowing that the Weyl spinor vanishes. The case of the Lemaître-Tolman-Bondispace-time is studied in detail. The general expression of the corresponding Weylspinor is obtained and some particular situations exploited. The spin-3/2 andspin-2 massless field equations are solved explicitly. The solutions are simplifiedby the existence of nontrivial algebraic constraints. The angular part of theequations is separated by the usual separation method and integrated directly.The other equations that are not separated in the radial and time dependence arereduced to a simple form. The results obtained are extended, as a consequenceof previous results, to the case of arbitrary spin. The solution of the general caseessentially reduces to the treatment of spin 3/2 and spin 2.     

4 MV静电加速器调试中出现的问题及解决方案

 4 MV静电加速器由高压系统、离子源及束流系统、控制系统和气体系统四部分组成。调试中出现了离子源不起弧、加速管破裂、控制系统失灵和输电带输电能力降低等技术问题,分析了出现这些问题的原因,然后分别采取了相应的措施加以解决：变换工作流程,在每次关机前先把引出电压降为零,开机时等离子源起弧后再把引出电压升到预定值;对过渡法兰进行车加工,重新封装;对高压端的控制设备采取屏蔽措施,在输入、输出端使用TVS二极管,对控制软件进行抗干扰设计;对绝缘气体进行循环干燥等。调试出了流强为100 μA、能量在3 MeV以上的稳定质子流。     

不同季节的虎杖根茎中8种矿质元素的光谱测定

采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法,测定虎杖根茎的K,Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,zn,Mn,Cu等8种矿质元素的含量。对测定条件进行了实验,选择了最佳电离抑制剂和酸性介质。实验以氯化铯为电离抑制剂,盐酸浓度控制在2％以内,用氯化锶消除磷对Ca的干扰,使吸光值稳定,用标准曲线法进行测定,获得了满意效果。该方法简单、快速、准确,加标回收率为90．5％～108．2％,相对偏差为0．3％～0．7％,适合于植物矿质元素的分析。实验结果表明：虎杖根茎中含有丰富的矿质元素,其中以K,Ca元素含量最高。这与虎杖的药用效果相符。同时,每种元素含量随季节变化而变化,与其生长发育密切相关。     

Ku波段球体目标系的电磁复合散射研究

研究了球形目标之间的电磁相互作用,得到了目标二次散射场的表达式,给出了目标的复合散射场以及双站复合散射截面,并在Ku波段进行了数值仿真.结果表明：目标的尺寸对前向散射和后向散射均有较大的影响,周围目标的影响呈现出一定的周期性,二次散射随着目标间距的增大而减小,周围目标离前向散射方向越近,对前向散射的影响也越大.目标的二次散射场与一次散射场强度之比在10^-4数量级以上.在研究多粒子的相互影响时,周围的粒子可近似看作尺寸一定的粒子.利用所得结果以及坐标变换可以研究三维体系内粒子间的电磁相 关键词： 散射截面 二次电磁散射 电磁相互作用     

磁流体动力学磁控进气道流场分布数值模拟

采用磁流体控制的办法能提高超燃冲压发动机的推进性能。结合了Maxwell方程组和描述流体力学规律的Navier-Stokes方程组,并对这些方程进行了简化,建立了适用于计算磁流体动力学(MHD)超燃冲压发动机磁控进气道流场分布的数值模拟模型。研究了在特定工况下,流场特征、电势、电流以及提取功率等参数的变化。磁流体发生器能够降低管道出口马赫数和流向速度,降低出口处的总焓,但是出口处的温度有所提高。在电极上,电势保持常数,而绝缘壁面的电势较高,电场在电极端点出现周期性的极性。y方向电流在电极板附近很高,而在绝缘板上几乎为零。电流主要从正电极流向负电极,而且沿着x方向略有减小。y方向电流最大值出现在绝缘壁面上,而绝缘板上的z方向值几乎为零。z方向电流最大值出现在管道的边角处,而在绝缘壁面上几乎为零,电流在绝缘壁面的法线分量为零。     

Nuclear reactions with core excitation

The transition amplitudes for nucleon scattering, stripping, pick-up, and break-up reactions are derived in the framework of a three-body model. The model consists of two nucleons and a core. The core is assumed to have a discret excitation spectrum. The nucleon-core interactions give rise to the excitation and subsequent deexcitation of the core. The energy averaged transition amplitudes are obtained by iteration from Faddeevtype integral equations. The lowest order terms correspond to the DWBA and the higher order terms describe the multistep processes.     

煤颗粒热膨胀量与破碎特性的研究

煤颗粒的热膨胀破碎特性直接影响流化床锅炉的运行效率.本文利用热机械分析仪(TMA)测定了不同种类不同密度的型煤和原煤的热膨胀特性,并对部分破碎微观形貌进行了FSEM观察;通过旋转炉内的燃烧试验研究了热膨胀特性和破碎的关系.研究表明,煤颗粒在燃烧过程中其热膨胀破碎主要发生在挥发分析出阶段;内部挥发分的析出会使颗粒内压增大而产生膨胀,进而产生细小裂纹并破碎;挥发分越高,颗粒密度越大,其热膨胀形变率越大,越容易发生破碎现象;主要挥发分析出后热膨胀引起的破碎可以忽略.     

热处理和紫外辐射对DNA影响的拉曼光谱研究

检测了鲕鱼精ＤＮＡ纤维和经过４０℃，９１℃，２００℃加热处理的拉曼光谱。研究结果表明，在熔融温度以下热处理对ＤＮＡ构象的影响是轻微的，在熔融温度以上则随温度的升高，对ＤＮＡ分子结构的影响有破坏也逐渐加剧，首先受影响的是腺嘌呤和脱氧核糖。     

Effect on flow properties of tin-stabilized rigid PVC by PE paraffins having different degrees of branching

The processing properties of a rigid PVC compound with various amounts of different lubricants were studied with a torque rheometer. The plasticizing behavior was measured in a mixer and recorded as torque versus time. The fusion time and the torque at fusion and of the molten material were evaluated. The compounds were extruded with a laboratory extruder and a capillary die. The torque of the screw, the melt pressure, and temperature in the barrel and the die and the output were measured. The shear stress and shear rate were calculated from these results. The lubricants, one paraffin and five polyethylenes, had molecular weights of 700 to 3500. The dependence of the processing behavior on the molecular weight of the lubricants is discussed. There is no single value which can be given but numerous interdependent parameters can be used to obtain a prediction of the processing properties of the material.     

发射光谱法测定乳浊料中的锆和铪

研究了用碳粉和二氧化钛作缓冲剂同时测定乳浊料中的锆和铪的发射光谱法,选择钛作内标线,不需分离、不需化学处理,直接压样于杯形的石墨电极中,具有简便、快速、准确的特点。对测定条件、干扰因素进行了研究,从而建立测定锆和铪的新方法。锆和铪的分析线分别为327.3和286.6 nm,内标线选择为钛的308.8 nm线,锆和铪的线性范围分别为0～0.50%和0～0.25%。锆和铪的检测限分别为0.001%和0.010%,其回收率为96.67%～105.0%,当n=9时,锆的RSD为3.61%;铪的RSD为4.82%;用于样品的测定取得了满意的结果。     

Commissioning of electron cooling in CSRe

The 400 MeV/u 12C6+ion beam was successfully cooled by the intensive electron beam near 1 A in CSRe.The momentum cooling time was estimated near 15 s.The cooling force was measured in the cases of different electron beam profiles,and the different angles between the ion beam and electron beam.The lifetime of the ion beam in CSRe was over 80 h.The dispersion in the cooling section was confirmed as positive close to zero.The beam sizes before cooling and after cooling were measured by the moving screen.The beam diameter after cooling was about 1 mm.The bunch length was measured with the help of the signals from the beam position monitor.The diffusion was studied in the absence of the electron beam.     

红外成像寻的器技术研究

为提高精确制导系统中红外寻的器的光电对抗能力，利用玫瑰扫描技术实现了光学系统成像探测。该项技术研究的关键是线阵列探测器和卡氏光学系统的设计。通过引入计算机图像帧处理，实现了目标的解算。在介绍技术方案的同时，对关键技术进行了分析，原理样机已在实验室调试完成。导引头的测试数据和仿真试验结果表明：导引头抗红外诱饵干扰能力大大提高，该技术研究方案是可行的，可用于便携式防空和舰载末端防空等精确制导武器中。     

反应堆核泵浦激光He-Ar-Xe体系泵浦效率理论研究

 系统地提出了He-Ar-Xe核泵浦激光泵浦效率的理论模型,推导了泵浦效率公式。研究了激光泵浦效率与泵浦腔内气体总压力, He和Ar分压,Xe的含量之间的函数关系。并用前人的实验结果定性地对模型进行了验证,拟合了泵浦效率函数参数,探讨了各参数之间的关系及其对泵浦效率的影响,为进一步的实验设计提供了理论依据。     

Quantum dynamics of charge transfer on the one-dimensional lattice:Wave packet spreading and recurrence

The wave function temporal evolution on the one-dimensional(1D) lattice is considered in the tight-binding approximation. The lattice consists of N equal sites and one impurity site(donor). The donor differs from other lattice sites by the on-site electron energy E and the intersite coupling C. The moving wave packet is formed from the wave function initially localized on the donor. The exact solution for the wave packet velocity and the shape is derived at different values E and C. The velocity has the maximal possible group velocity v = 2. The wave packet width grows with time ～ t1/3and its amplitude decreases ～ t-1/3. The wave packet reflects multiply from the lattice ends. Analytical expressions for the wave packet front propagation and recurrence are in good agreement with numeric simulations.     

硅衬底上锗硅合金光波导设计及工艺的优化考虑

报道用射频加热化学气相沉积法制备Ｓｉ／ＧｅＳｉ／Ｓｉ大断面单模脊形光波导中设计和工艺的进一步完善，ＧｅＳｉ合金层中Ｇｅ的含量Ｘ要满足脊形光波导是单模，光波导的数值，孔径接近单模光纤值，脊高小于临界厚度值等，计算表明兼顾上述三项要求应取ｘ＝１～３％，脊的高与宽受大断面及单模的制约。Ｓｉ的晶体结构使脊的二个腐蚀侧壁是斜坡，为此起始脊宽取５～６μｍ为宜；腐蚀液，抛光液的选取人保证脊则壁及波导面端的优良镜     

小尾寒羊胴体不同部位矿物元素的比较研究

采用火焰原子吸收法对小尾寒羊胴体不同部位的Ca,Fe,K,Cu,Zn和Mg等矿物元素的含量进行了分析测定。该法的加标回收率为96.9%—104.2%,RSD值小于2.0%,具有良好的准确度和精密度。研究结果表明：小尾寒羊肉中Ca,Fe,K,Zn和Mg含量丰富,颈肉中Ca的含量最高,肋肉和腰肉中Mg的含量较高,心和肝中Fe的含量较高,心和颈肉中Zn的含量较高。此测定结果可为探讨羊肉中矿物元素的含量与其代谢调节功效的相关性提供科学依据。     

Ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus) and its bearing on the phylogeny of Auchenorrhyncha

The ultrastructure of mature spermatozoa of the leafhopper Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus) was investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy. The spermatozoon is composed of a head containing an acrosome and an elongated nucleus, and a long tail, which consists of a flagellum. The acrosome is conical and invaginated to form a subacrosomal space, and the acrosomal contents are filled with electron-dense tubular substructures. The nucleus is linear and filled with homogeneously condensed chromatin. The centriolar adjunct is parallel to the nucleus and connects the nucleus with the mid-piece/flagellum. The flagellum is formed by a 9+9+2 axoneme, two mitochondrial derivatives and two accessory bodies. The mitochondrial derivatives with an orderly array of peripheral cristae are symmetrical. The accessory bodies are small and slightly elliptical. The end of the axoneme shows progressive loss of microtubules. Comparison of sperm ultrastructure of C. viridis with those of other Auchenorrhyncha families supports the major relationships within Cicadomorpha as (Membracoidea (Cicadoidea, Cercopoidea)).     

静态调制的光谱偏振成像系统

针对传统光谱偏振成像系统普遍存在的系统结构复杂、需要动态调制、光通量低等问题,提出一种基于静态调制的光谱偏振成像系统,将静态调制偏振探测方法与Savart偏光镜干涉成像原理相结合,可在成像过程中实时获取目标的光谱信息和全部四个Stokes偏振信息。与传统系统相比较,该系统具有无运动部件、无需动态电控调制、没狭缝限制、光通量大等优点。介绍了系统组成和基本原理,搭建了实验装置,实验装置包括二次成像光学系统、偏振调制模块、干涉成像模块、CCD图像采集及数据处理模块等,成像谱段范围为可见光近红外(480~950 nm)。利用实验装置对白板、飞机玩具模型进行了成像实验,验证了该系统的光谱偏振成像数据获取能力。对静态调制的偏振测量精度进行了验证,偏振测量统计误差小于5%。实验结果验证了系统原理的正确性和可行性,获取的光谱偏振成像数据在目标识别、目标分类、遥感探测等方面具有较高的应用价值。