健康老年人与若干常量及微量元素的相关性研究

用原子吸收光谱法测定了７０例健康老年人、３０例健康成年人和３０例老年高血压病人血清中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ６种元素的含量．结果表明，健康老年人组与健康成年人组（对照组）相比，除Ｆｅ以外，Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ均有显著性差异；与老年高血压病人组相比，除Ｍｇ以外，Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ均有显著性差异．我们认为稳定的Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ比值及较高的血Ｍｇ水平是健康老年人未发生心血管疾病及糖尿病的重要原因之一，而高Ｃｕ、高Ｃａ及显著偏高的Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ比值，则是发生高血压的一个重要原因。     

中风患者血清微量元素观察

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定８７例中风患者血清中Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ含量，并与正常组作对比。结果表明：中风患者Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ降低，而Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ增高，Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ比值降低（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）；而两组血清Ｃａ无统计学上的差别（Ｐ＞０．５０）。     

精神分裂症患者头发5种元素含量变化及临床意义

采用原子吸收光谱法测定了９６例精神分裂症患者和１０１名正常对照组的头发Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ元素含量。结果发现，精神分裂症患者头发ｎ和Ｍｇ元素含量明显低于对照组，而Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ和Ｃａ元素含量明显高于对照组。提示精神分裂症的发病，可能与Ｚｎ和Ｍｇ元素含量降低，Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ和Ｃａ元素含量升高有关。     

慢性肾衰肾虚证患者血清微量元素的变化及其临床意义探讨

讨论了慢性肾衰肾阳虚和肾阴虚见证者血清微量元素。结果显示：肾阳虚患者血清Ｃｕ、Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ明显高于健康对照组,而血清Ｚｎ和Ｆｅ低于对照组,肾阳虚患者血清Ｃｕ、Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ也明显高于肾阴虚组,而血清Ｚｎ是低的,在肾阴虚组与对照组之间Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ均无明显差异。     

婴儿喂养方式与血清中锌,铜,铁,钴关系研究

探讨了三种喂养方式对婴儿血清中微量元素Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ水平的影响，结果提示：除全母乳喂养组血清Ｆｅ明显低于部分母乳喂养组外，血清Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ无显著性差异。     

上消化道出血患者血清微量元素观察

测定和比较了４８上消化道出血患者和３０例健康者血清中的Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ及Ｃａ的含量，结果表明，上消化道出血患者血清中Ｚｎ、 Ｆｅ含量降低，可作为该病辅助诊断指标。     

分裂样精神病和情感性精神障碍患者血清5种元素含量变化的研究

采用原子吸收法测定了分裂样精神病和情感性精神障碍患者血清Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｃａ和Ｍｇ含量。结果表明，分裂样精神病和情感性精神障碍患者血清Ｚｎ和Ｍｇ含量及Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ比值明显低于对照组，而Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ和Ｃａ含量及Ｃａ／Ｍｇ比值明显高于对照组。提示以上５种元素的含量变化与分裂样精神病和情感性精神障碍的发生有关。     

胃液中微量元素含量测定及临床意义

采用原子吸收法测定了６０例受试者空腹胃液中Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｃａ的含量，以探讨微量元素与胃部疾病的关系，结果显示，Ｚｎ元素在萎缩性胃炎和胃癌组较对照明显升高，而在胃溃疡组则较为对照组明显降低；Ｃｕ元素在萎缩性胃炎和胃癌组较对照组明显升高，Ｆｅ，Ｃａ元素在病例组与对照组间未见差异，Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ比值在胃溃疡和胃癌组较对照组明显降低，本研究为开展微量元素与胃病关系的研究提供了有益资料。     

胆汁反流性胃炎病人血清和胃液中锌,铜,铁,钙含量及意义

采用火焰原子吸收法检测了３６例胆汁返流性胃炎病人和３０例健康对照者血清和胃液中微量元素Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ，及Ｃａ的含量。结果显示，胆汁返流组血清Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ含量均明显低于对照组。     

胃癌病人发微量元素测定及其临床意义

对４３例胃癌病人测定了发中Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ六种元素，结果：胃癌组发中Ｃｕ、Ｆｅｘ±ＳＤ值较健康对照组升高，Ｐ＜０．０５，有显著性差异．Ｚｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇｘ±ＳＤ值较健康组降低，Ｐ＜０．０５、＜０．０１、＜０．０１，差异有显著性和高度显著性．ＭＵｘ±ＳＤ值与健康对照组近似，Ｐ＞０．０５，差异无显著性．胃癌组Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ比值较健康对照组降低，Ｐ＜０．０１，差异高度显著性；胃癌组Ｚｎ／Ｆｅ比值与健康组近似，Ｐ＞０．０５，差异无显著性．Ｆｅ升高，Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ降低是胃癌的危险因素，Ｍｎ有抗癌抑癌作用，Ｆｅ、具有强烈催化自由基及过氧化反应的能力．发中微量元素测定可作为临床胃癌病人辅助诊断参考．     

16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis reveals differences in bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles in the urine of pregnant and non-pregnant women

Recent evidence has indicated that bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for host–microbe communication. The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether bacteria-derived EVs are excreted via the urinary tract and to compare the composition of bacteria-derived EVs in the urine of pregnant and non-pregnant women. Seventy-three non-pregnant and seventy-four pregnant women were enrolled from Dankook University and Ewha Womans University hospitals. DNA was extracted from urine EVs after EV isolation using the differential centrifugation method. 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing was performed using high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing after amplification of the V1–V3 region of the 16S rDNA. The composition of 13 taxa differed significantly between the pregnant and non-pregnant women. At the genus level, Bacillus spp. EVs were more significantly enriched in the urine of the pregnant women than in that of the non-pregnant women (45.61% vs 0.12%, respectively). However, Pseudomonas spp. EVs were more dominant in non-pregnant women than in pregnant women (13.2% vs 4.09%, respectively). Regarding the compositional difference between pregnant women with normal and preterm delivery, EVs derived from Ureaplasma spp. and the family Veillonellaceae (including Megasphaera spp.) were more abundant in the urine of preterm-delivered women than in that of women with normal deliveries. Taken together, these data showed that Bacillus spp. EVs predominate in the urine of pregnant women, whereas Pseudomonas spp. EVs predominate in the urine of non-pregnant women; this suggests that Bacillus spp. EVs might have an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy.     

济南市健康孕妇必需微量元素含量的调查

应用ＤＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法对济南市１０１例健康孕妇及２５例育龄健康孕妇血清中９种元素进行了测定，结果表明，除钴外，所测不同年龄，职业，文化及胎次的孕妇，其必需微量元素营养状况良好，作者还本文孕妇缺钴的原因进行了探讨。     

妊娠期糖尿病妇女血清中元素含量的变化

糖尿病与体内微量元素的不平衡密切相关。妇女在妊娠期中容易发生糖耐量异常和妊娠期糖尿病,因此研究这些孕妇血清中元素含量的变化,对弄清妊娠期糖尿病的机理和进行防治有重要意义。本工作测定了糖耐量异常和妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血清中硒、铜、锶、镁、锌、钙、磷、铁和铝等九种元素持含量,研究了其与正常孕妇的差异,并观察了元素含量与孕期的相关性。结果表明,糖耐量异常和妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血清中硒的含量与正常孕妇相比明显降低。妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血清中铜比正常孕妇显著升高,而锌有降低趋势,其它元素则未明显变化。此外,观察到正常孕妇和血清异常孕妇血清中硒和钙的含量都与孕期呈明显的负相关性。     

Lead Levels in Non-Occupationally Exposed Women with Preeclampsia

There are many controversies regarding the relationship between lead exposure andcomplications in pregnancy. Preeclampsia (PE) is a maternal hypertensive disorder which is one of the main causes of maternal and foetal mortality. The aim of our study was to assess blood lead level (BLL) in Polish women with PE (PE group, n = 66) compared with healthy, non-pregnant women (CNP group, n = 40) and healthy pregnant women (CP group, n = 40). BLL was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and BLL in the CP group were significantly lower than in the PE group (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses of BLL showed a significant positive relationship with the presence of PE. Furthermore, both the SBP and DBP values were positively associated with BLL. This study indicates that preeclamptic women tend to present with significantly higher BLL compared to healthy pregnant women. There were no differences in the BLL between the CP and CNP groups.     

新生儿与孕妇间发中锌钢关系探讨

将１０４１名新生儿与１０００名孕妇发中Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ含量进行了统计对比分析，发现新生儿发中Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ含量分别高于和低于孕妇发中的Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ值．新生儿发Ｚｎ分布曲线与孕妇的显著不同．峰形尖锐，峰值右移．趋近正态分布，而两者的发Ｃｕ分布曲线比较类似。说明在一定范围内，胎儿体内的Ｚｎ含量可能受母体Ｚｎ含量影响不大，Ｃｕ含量关系密切。可能是由于母体向胎儿输送Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ的机制及胎儿对两元素的吸收和排泄机能存在差异所致。     

广州地区妊娠妇女锌、钙代谢状况调查

调查了31名早孕妇女的头发锌、钙含量,其中锌为(139.0±40.1)×10-6,钙为(1081±478)×10-6;中孕妇女37名,发锌为(142.4±25.2)×10-6,钙为(666.1±143.3)×10-6;而69名晚孕妇女头发锌含量为(140.9±25.0)×10-6,钙含量为(864.7±562.8)×10-6。对照组为非妊娠健康妇女,共41名,头发锌含量为(158.1±61.9)×10-6,钙含量为(1241±546)×10-6。结果显示,三期妊娠妇女的发锌、发钙含量均显著低于正常对照组。     

食道癌患者血清铜／锌比值及血清硒含量的测定及临床意义

报道了３５例食道癌患者血清铜／锌比值及血清硒水平，结果发现食道癌患者血清铜／锌比值增加，血清硒水平下降，具有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．００１）；同时提示随着食道癌分期增加，铜／锌比值进一步增加，血硒水平进一步下降，但无统计学差异。上述结果对临床诊断及观察病情变化有一定意义。     

妊娠与五种元素的关系

测定了２６９２例孕妇各孕周分娩期血清，８８４例新生儿脐血清中的铜，锌，铁，钙，镁，并比较了正常与异常妊娠孕妇血清中的五种元素，为防治妊高症，胎膜早破提供理论依据，并探讨了脐血清与母血清微量元素的相关性。     

自然流产孕妇体内微量元素含量的变化

为了解自然流产孕妇体内微量元素的变化,检测了50例正常妊娠妇女和50例自然流产妇女（其中忆查明流产原因的33例,不明原因流产17例）头发中微量元素。结果显示,查明原因流产组发锌、铜、铁、钙和不明原因流产组发锌、铜、铁含量均明显低于正常妊娠组;而发铅含量则明显高于正常妊娠组,经统计学处理分析,差别有显著性。提示妊娠期微量元素平衡与否,对宫内胎儿的发育乃至安危均有一定的影响。     

多普勒超声联合血清FE3、ACTA预测孕妇羊水过少并胎儿窘迫

选取224例羊水过少孕妇作为观察组,60例羊水正常孕妇作为对照组,探讨多普勒超声测定肾动脉(RA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)、脐动脉(UA)阻力指数,以及血清游离雌三醇(FE3)、激活素A(ACTA)水平,对孕妇羊水过少并胎儿窘迫预测价值及临床意义。结果显示,观察组RA和UA阻力指数、血清ACTA水平高于对照组,羊水量、MCA阻力指数及血清FE3水平低于对照组(P<0.05);羊水过少孕妇RA和UA阻力指数、血清ACTA水平与羊水量呈负相关,MCA阻力指数、血清FE3水平与羊水量呈正相关;上述指标联合预测胎儿窘迫的AUC最大,为0.918(P<0.05)。说明多普勒超声测定RA、MCA、UA阻力指数结合血清FE3、ACTA水平检测对羊水过少孕妇并胎儿窘迫有较高预测价值。