定标粒子理论预测乙醇—水体系汽液平衡盐效应

测定了７０℃下３个１－１型电解质在各种不同浓度的乙醇－水体系中的汽液平衡盐效应参数，并给出用定标粒子理论计算盐效应参数的方法，硬球作用项采用Ｍａｓｔｅｒｔｏｎ－Ｌｅｅ方程，软球作用项采用胡英的径向分布函数。分子间力在Ｌｅｎｎａｒｄ－Ｊｏｎｅｓ位能函数基础上计入偶极－偶极、偶极－诱导偶极、电荷－偶极、电荷－诱导偶极的贡献，其中离子－分子间的静电作用项仅限于规则排列的第一配位圈之内、将混合溶剂的局部介     

定标粒子理论预测乙醇－水体系汽液平衡盐效应

测定了７０℃下３个１－１型电解质（ＮａＣｌ、ＮａＢｒ、ＫＣｌ）在各种不同浓度的乙醇－水体系中的汽液平衡盐效应参数，并给出用定标粒子理论计算盐效应参数的方法。硬球作用项采用Ｍａｓｔｅｒｔｏｎ－Ｌｅｅ方程，软球作用项采用胡英的径向分布函数。分子间力在Ｌｅｎｎａｒｄ－Ｊｏｎｅｓ位能函数基础上计入偶极－偶极、偶极－诱导偶极、电荷－偶极、电荷－诱导偶极的贡献，其中离子－分子间的静电作用项仅限于规则排列的第一配位圈之内。将混合溶剂的局部介电常数视为液相浓度的函数，函数关系由实验拟合。在乙醇浓度变化的很大范围内，３个体系的预测与实验结果基本相符。     

定标粒子理论的气相色谱保留值方程

以定标粒子理论为基础,通过对溶质、溶剂分子间的相互作用加以系统研究,得到了描述溶质、溶剂分子参量及色谱条件对气相色谱过程中溶质容量因子的影响规律。通过实验证实了溶质容量因子在一定范围内与柱压近似呈线性关系,并验证了容量因子与柱温及加和性物性参量的关系。     

极性—非极性双液体系汽液平衡盐效应参数的测定与计算

测定了苯—甲醇— 1_1型电解质 (LiCl、NaBr、KI)、四氯化碳—甲醇— 1_1型电解质 (LiCl、NaBr、KI)两个体系在恒压 ( 1 0 1 .3kPa)条件下的汽液平衡盐效应参数。理论计算以Pierotti的定标粒子理论为基础 ,硬球作用项采用Masterton -Lee方程计算 ,软球作用项采用胡英等人建议的简化的径向分布函数 ,分子间力在Lennard -Jones位能函数基础上计入极性分子间偶极—偶极、偶极—诱导偶极 ,离子与极性分子间的电荷—偶极以及离子与分子间的电荷—诱导偶极的贡献 ,并根据溶剂性质和溶液结构作出一些合理的假设。在此基础上 ,理论计算与实验结果基本相符。     

定标粒子理论研究HPLC分子间相互作用对K'的影响

本文以统计热力学的观点, 对流动相和固定相分别采用定标粒子理论和点阵模型研究HPLC过程中溶质分子与流动相分子、固定相分子之间的相互作用, 得到了描述分子间相互作用与K'之间定量关系的关联方程, 并通过实验对该方程加以验证。     

从定标粒子理论计算气体的盐效应常数和温度对它的影响

在本刊1979年第1期的“气体在水和非水溶剂中的溶度的定标粒子理论”一文中,作者指出应用气体在盐水溶液中的Henry常数的表式:     

定标粒子理论对气-液分配色谱容量因子的探讨

〕本文以统计热力学的观点,采用定标粒子的液体理论探讨气-液分配色谱的保留行为,得出了容量因子随被测组分、固定液的分子诸参量变化的关系式,并与其它理论相比较,对不同被测组分在同一固定液上的分离及固定液的选择加以分析。结果表明,本方法对于研究实际体系较其它方法具有一定的优越性。     

定标粒子理论研究HPLC分子间相互作用对K′的影响

本文以统计热力学的观点,对流动相和固定相分别采用定标粒子理论和点阵模型研究HPLC过程中溶质分子与流动相分子、固定相分子之间的相互作用,得到了描述分子间相互作用与K′之间定量关系的关联方程,并通过实验对该方程加以验证。     

定标粒子理论对高效液相色谱中分子间相互作用与k＇间关系的研究

本文以统计热力学的观点,对流动相和固定相同时采用定标粒子理论处理,得到了描述分子间相互作用与ｋ＇间定量关系的关联方程,并对该方程加以实验验证及讨论。     

定标粒子液体理论应用于极性溶质体系及其盐效应系数的计算

1970年W. L. Masterton和T. P. Lee将定标粒子理论应用于非极性溶质在电解质水溶液中的盐效应系数的计算, 推导出便于应用的盐效应表达式。本文将定标粒子理论应用于极性溶质, 推导出一个求极性溶质的盐效应常数表达式。作者用此表达式分别计算了乙酸、正丙酸、正丁酸、正己酸及正庚酸各在KCl、KBr、NaCl和NaBr四种小离子盐水溶液中的理论盐析常数。修正后的盐析常数比用Masterton和Lee公式计算的盐析常数更接近实验值。     

pH和盐对树脂吸附芳香酸的影响研究

通过三甲胺修饰超高交联聚苯乙烯树脂NJ-00制备了一种新型树脂(NJ-03),树脂性质表征说明,通过改性季胺基被成功引入,树脂骨架上增加了一定数量的碱性基团。研究了pH、盐浓度对芳香酸类化合物在NJ-03树脂上吸附的影响,并与商品大孔强碱阴离子交换树脂D-201以及大孔弱碱阴离子交换树脂D-301进行对比,探讨了pH和盐浓度影响吸附的机理。     

EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE ON THE FILMING PROCESS OF POLYSTYRENE LATEX STUDIED BY AFM

The film formation process of micro-PS particles (diameter 742 nm) and nano-PS particles (diameter 29 nm) wasstudied by atomic force microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. During a step heating process, the particles wereannealed for 0.5 h at each selected temperature. It was found that the deformation and interdiffusion temperatures of themicro-PS particles are ca. 120-130℃ and 140-150℃, that of the nano-PS particles are 90℃ and 100-110℃ respectively.The DSC traces of nano-PS particles showed that there was an exothermic peak near T_g after annealing for 0.5 h at theselected temperatures below 90℃; otherwise, the exothermic peak disappeared after annealing at 100℃ or above. Comparedwith the micro-PS pedicles, the sintering process of nano-PS particles occurs at much lower temperature determined by theconfined state of polymer chains with higher conformational energy in nano-particles, and completes in a much narrowertemperature range driven mainly by the larger total surface energy.     

无机盐对聚乙二醇(PEG)水溶液浊点温度的影响

<正> 聚乙二醇(Polyethylenylycol,PEG)是一种线型水溶性大分子,广泛用于造纸工业的粘着剂,纤维工业的上浆材料,它在生物体内的原生质融合过程中起着重要作用。因其分子结构简单,且不荷电,所以它对研究大分子水溶液中的结构效应是很有益的,无机盐的加入可以改变PEG溶液体系的相转移温度。Baily和Callard,曾研究过无机盐对PEG水溶液浊点温度的影响。本研究除进一步系统考察这种影响外,还讨论了它们之间的规律性,并且确定了PEG+H_2O体系的下临界共溶温度。     

ITSTUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF UREA ON THE COMPATIBILITY OF PMMA/PVC MIXTURES IN DMF BY A DILUTE- SOLUTION VISCOMETRY METHOD

The interaction between poly(methymethacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been studied indilute urea solutions of dimethylformamide (DMF) at 28℃ using a dilute solution viscometry method. The results show thatthe polymer mixtures are compatible in DMF solution in the absence of urea. The influence of urea addition on the degree ofcompatibility of the polymer mixtures has been studied in terms of the compatibility parameters (△b_m and △[η]_m). It wasfound that the compatibility of the polymer mixtures is decreased with increasing urea addition, passing through a minimumat 0.5 M urea.     

THERMODYNAMIC STUDY OF ADSORPTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY A WATER-COMPATIBLE HYPERCROSSLINKED POLYMERIC ADSORBENT

Equilibrium data for the adsorption of phenolic compounds, i.e., phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol and p-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions by a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent (NJ-8) within temperature range of 283-323 K were obtained and correlated with a Freundlich-type of isotherm equation, so that equilibrium constants KF and n were obtained. The capacities of equilibrium adsorption for all the four phenolic compounds on the NJ-8 from aqueous solutions are around 2 times as high as those of Amberlite XAD-4, which may be attributed to the unusual micropore structure and the partial polarity on the network. The values of the enthalpy (always negative) are indicative of an exothermic process, which manifests the adsorption of all the four phenolic compounds on the two polymeric adsorbents to be a process of physical adsorption. The negative values of free energy change show that the solute is more concentrated on the adsorbent than in the bulk solution. The absolute free energy values of adsorption for NJ-8 are always higher than those for Amberlite XAD-4, which indicates that phenolic compounds are preferentially adsorbed on NJ-8. The negative values of the adsorption entropy are consistent with the restricted mobilities of adsorbed molecules of phenolic compounds as compared with the molecules in solution. The adsorption entropy values of phenolic compounds for NJ-8 are lower than those for Amberlite XAD-4, which means the micropores of NJ-8 require more orderly arranged adsorbate.