氢化镁储氢型乳化炸药的爆炸特性研究

 通过理论计算和水下爆炸实验,初步研究了MgH₂敏化储氢型乳化炸药的爆炸特性和爆轰反应机理。结果表明：与玻璃微球敏化的乳化炸药相比,MgH₂敏化的乳化炸药水下爆炸的冲击波超压、比冲量、比冲击波能、比气泡能及水下爆炸比总能量显著增加,其中冲击波超压和水下爆炸总能量分别增加了20.5%和31.0%。MgH₂储氢型乳化炸药的爆轰机理与玻璃微球敏化乳化炸药不同,MgH₂在乳化炸药中起到了敏化剂和含能材料的双重作用,即MgH₂在乳化基质中水解产生均匀分布的氢气泡,起到了敏化作用,同时氢气参与爆炸反应,提高了炸药的爆炸能量和做功能力。     

反恐中微差控爆破门实验研究

 在解救人质或追捕恐怖分子时,需要利用炸药炸开门体或者墙体开辟一条快速通道,通常采用集团装药或多点药包同时起爆的方法进行爆破,但产生的冲击波超压值过高,很容易对反恐人员造成不必要的伤害。采用多点延时起爆方法进行微差控爆破门,与其它方法相比,在相同药量和距离下可以降低空气冲击波的超压峰值,从而有效避免冲击波对反恐人员的伤害。实验研究结果表明,防盗门中的膨胀螺栓可以作为破门弱点进行毁伤。通过实验,得到了破门的合理药量,利用不同药量下的冲击波超压值计算出了反恐人员的安全距离。     

深空核爆炸辐射电磁脉冲的初步解析

 采用壳模型分析深空核爆在远场产生辐射电磁脉冲的规律,对深空核爆电磁脉冲的形成机理进行研究。在已知电子运动规律的前提下,推导了发射电子的电偶极矩表达式,并得到了辐射电磁脉冲的特性。计算结果表明:远处辐射场的峰值电场与爆炸当量无关,但达到峰值的时间随爆炸当量增加而提前;电子初始动能的增大也能线性地提高峰值强度;峰值强度与上升时间常数及弹体半径的平方成正比。     

圆柱装药近地空爆冲击波峰值超压空间转换模型

为研究近地空爆冲击波峰值超压空间数值关系,基于镜像法、角等分和超压归一化思想,确定了冲击波空间传播界线,建立了混合流场中超压的理论计算方法。首先,利用三波点轨迹与爆高水平线交点、虚拟爆源、真实爆心三者连线构成的几何约束以及马赫反射终点条件,确定了冲击波流场分布界限。其次,等分测点角度,并基于超压归一化值分段线性假设构建归一化值方程。然后将归一化值方程扩展为圆柱装药长径比、爆高、当量、测点角度和比例距离的函数。最后,基于控制变量法,利用符合经验公式和实爆结果的圆柱装药近地空爆AUTODYN-2D数值模型的计算结果代入上述函数求解。结果表明:以长径比、比例爆高、比例距离和测点角度为输入参数的峰值超压空间转换模型可描述圆柱装药近地空爆峰值超压的空间数值关系,转换效果良好。     

裸爆和特制半球形结构内爆超压对比实验研究

 爆炸焊接过程会产生爆炸地震、冲击波、有毒气体和噪音等有害效应。设计并制作一个直径为36 m、入口和排烟口直径分别为8 m的半球形结构,用以降低爆炸焊接过程中产生的超压影响。为了研究实际超压降低效果,进行了裸爆和按1/6比例建立的半球形结构内爆炸的超压对比实验。实验结果表明：当超压的传播距离大于20 m时,这种半球形结构能有效降低爆炸焊接过程中产生的超压;对于相同的超压传播距离,切线方向（垂直于半球形结构入口方向）比径向方向（半球形结构入口方向）的超压降低效果好。结合冲击波的传播和反射特点,对超压降低的可能原因进行了分析。     

水下等离子体声源的冲击波负压特性

基于修正的Rayleigh气泡脉动方程对水下等离子体声源放电产生的 强声冲击波的传播过程进行了分析; 利用Euler方程作为控制方程组, 建立了水下等离子体声源的聚束声场模型, 通过仿真计算获得的传播云图对冲击波负压的形成机理进行了直观的理论分析. 结果表明: 经过聚能反射罩反射汇聚得到的聚束波在反射稀疏波和水的惯性作用下, 聚束波周围水域产生了拉伸, 形成负压区, 如果拉伸力大于水的抗拉上限, 就会使得水中形成不连续现象, 即出现空化气泡; 此外聚能罩边缘处产生的衍射波进一步加剧了负压的产生, 边缘衍射波最终与拉伸波叠加, 使冲击波负压达到最大值; 通过对比仿真波形和实验波形, 从而验证和进一步揭示了冲击波负压的形成原因. 研究结果对认识水下冲击波的传播规律和进一步改进等离子体声源的设计具有指导意义. 关键词： 等离子体声源 冲击波负压 聚束声场模型 气泡     

刚性柱附近浅水爆炸荷载特性研究

刚性柱附近浅水爆炸时冲击波传播、气泡射流受多种因素影响。考虑水面、水底、刚性柱与水下爆炸冲击波及气泡的耦合作用,基于LS-DYNA有限元软件,建立浅水爆炸全耦合模型,通过经验公式验证有限元模型的正确性。研究表明:采用炸药直径1/3～1/2中心渐变网格能够较好地保证数值模拟精度。在冲击波传播阶段,刚性柱迎爆区冲击波峰值上升并产生切断现象,冲击波下降段被"截断",而背爆区冲击波峰值衰减约50%,同时正压作用时间增加;在气泡脉动阶段,气泡在收缩阶段产生指向刚性柱的气泡射流,当刚性柱与炸药之间的距离约为一个气泡半径时,刚性柱附近的脉冲荷载增幅最大,脉冲荷载最大测点水深较爆心上移。     

注入锁定TEA CO2激光器激光脉冲特性分析

本文在一般的TEACO₂激光器的动力学方程的基础上,给出注入锁定情况下TEACO₂激光器的动力学方程组,并进行数值计算,结果表明,TEACO₂激光器注入锁定激光脉冲宽度比自由运转时的变宽了,脉冲峰值功率降低,而且激光脉冲产生的时间提前,这与实验规律相吻合。     

冲击波加载下PZT 95/5铁电陶瓷的电阻率研究

利用炸药爆炸产生的平面冲击波，研究了垂直模式冲击波加载下PbZr_0.95Ti_0.05O₃ (PZT 95/5)铁电陶瓷冲击波压缩区域的电阻率变化.在建立的模型中考虑了冲击波压缩区域的有限电阻率，计算结果表明：在压力约2.0GPa，负载短路的条件下，PZT 95/5铁电陶瓷冲击波压缩区域的电阻率从初始10⁷—10¹¹Ωcm迅速降到最小值约40Ωcm，然后基本保持在120—140Ωcm之间.     

核爆氘-氘聚变能电站——聚变能和平利用的一种可能的途径

简要地分析了利用核爆氘 氘聚变能发电的可行性及优点， 按10 kt TNT核爆氘 氘聚变的规模， 估算了热载体钠的储能作用及用量， 核爆冲击波对爆室壁的作用强度及爆室壁的承受能力。     

一种准二维柱面爆炸波加载装置的设计与验证

基于竖直爆轰管和径向Hele-Shaw Cell,设计并搭建了一套准二维柱面爆炸波加载装置,可以实现对Hele-Shaw Cell内部材料界面的径向冲击加载.竖直爆轰管内部的预混气体在底部点燃后,形成向上传播的冲击波,冲击波冲破爆轰管开口与Hele-Shaw Cell底板开孔之间的隔膜后,被Hele-Shaw Cell...     

Stationary and quasi-stationary waves in even-order dissipative systems

A new equation was recently suggested by Rudenko and Robsman [1] for describing the nonlinear wave propagation in scattering media that are characterized by weak sound signal attenuation proportional to the fourth power of frequency. General self-similar properties of the solutions to this equation were studied. It was shown that stationary solutions to this equation in the form of a shock wave exhibit unusual oscillations around the shock front, as distinct from the classical Burgers equation. Here, similar solutions are studied in detail for nonlinear waves in even-order dissipative media; namely, the solutions are compared for the media with absorption proportional to the second, fourth, and sixth powers of frequency. Based on the numerical results and the self-similar properties of the solutions, the fine structure of the shock front of stationary waves is studied for different absorption laws and magnitudes. It is shown that the amplitude and number of oscillations appearing in the stationary wave profile increase with increasing power of the frequency-dependent absorption term. For initial disturbances in the form of a harmonic wave and a pulse, quasi-stationary solutions are obtained at the stage of fully developed discontinuities and the evolution of the profile and width of the shock wave front is studied. It is shown that the smoothening of the shock front in the course of wave propagation is more pronounced when the absorption law is quadratic in frequency.     

Periodic, solitary and rational wave solutions of the 3D extended quantum Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation in dense quantum plasmas

The three-dimensional extended quantum Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation was investigated in dense quantum plasmas which arises from the dimensionless hydrodynamics equations describing the nonlinear propagation of the quantum ion-acoustic waves. With the aid of symbolic computation, many types of new analytical solutions of the extended quantum ZK equation are constructed in terms of some powerful ansatze, which include new doubly periodic wave, solitary wave, shock wave, rational wave, and singular wave solutions. Moreover, we analyze the nonlinear wave propagation of the obtained solutions for some chosen parameters.     

Modeling power law absorption and dispersion for acoustic propagation using the fractional Laplacian

The efficient simulation of wave propagation through lossy media in which the absorption follows a frequency power law has many important applications in biomedical ultrasonics. Previous wave equations which use time-domain fractional operators require the storage of the complete pressure field at previous time steps (such operators are convolution based). This makes them unsuitable for many three-dimensional problems of interest. Here, a wave equation that utilizes two lossy derivative operators based on the fractional Laplacian is derived. These operators account separately for the required power law absorption and dispersion and can be efficiently incorporated into Fourier based pseudospectral and k-space methods without the increase in memory required by their time-domain fractional counterparts. A framework for encoding the developed wave equation using three coupled first-order constitutive equations is discussed, and the model is demonstrated through several one-, two-, and three-dimensional simulations.     

Counterpropagation of waves with shock fronts in a nonlinear tissue-like medium

A numerical model for describing the counterpropagation of one-dimensional waves in a nonlinear medium with an arbitrary power law absorption and corresponding dispersion is developed. The model is based on general one-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with absorption in the form of a time-domain convolution operator in the equation of state. The developed algorithm makes it possible to describe wave interactions in the presence of shock fronts in media like biological tissue. Numerical modeling is conducted by the finite difference method on a staggered grid; absorption and sound speed dispersion are taken into account using the causal memory function. The developed model is used for numerical calculations, which demonstrate the absorption and dispersion effects on nonlinear propagation of differently shaped pulses, as well as their reflection from impedance acoustic boundaries.     

Frequency-domain wave equation and its time-domain solutions in attenuating media

Our purpose in this paper is to describe the wave propagation in media whose attenuation obeys a frequency power law. To achieve this, a frequency-domain wave equation was developed using previously derived causal dispersion relations. An inverse space and time Fourier transform of the solution to this algebraic equation results in a time-domain solution. It is shown that this solution satisfies the convolutional time-domain wave equation proposed by Szabo [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 491-500 (1994)]. The form of the convolutional loss operator contained in this wave equation is obtained. Solutions representing the propagation of both plane sinusoidal and transient waves propagating in media with specific power law attenuation coefficients are investigated as special cases of our solution. Using our solution, comparisons are made for transient one-dimensional propagation in a medium whose attenuation is proportional to frequency with recently obtained numerical solutions of Szabo's equation. These show good agreement.     

Series expansion solutions for the multi-term time and space fractional partial differential equations in two- and three-dimensions

Fractional partial differential equations with more than one fractional derivative in time describe some important physical phenomena, such as the telegraph equation, the power law wave equation, or the Szabo wave equation. In this paper, we consider two- and three-dimensional multi-term time and space fractional partial differential equations. The multi-term time-fractional derivative is defined in the Caputo sense, whose order belongs to the interval (1,2],(2,3],(3,4] or (0,m], and the space-fractional derivative is referred to as the fractional Laplacian form. We derive series expansion solutions based on a spectral representation of the Laplacian operator on a bounded region. Some applications are given for the two- and three-dimensional telegraph equation, power law wave equation and Szabo wave equation.     

Molecular dynamics study of thermal stress and heat propagation in tungsten under thermal shock

Using molecular dynamics （MD） simulation, we study the thermal shock behavior of tungsten （W）, which has been used for the plasma facing material （PFM） of tokamaks. The thermo-elastic stress wave, corresponding to the collective displacement of atoms, is analyzed with the Lagrangian atomic stress method, of which the reliability is also analyzed. The stress wave velocity corresponds to the speed of sound in the material, which is not dependent on the thermal shock energy. The peak pressure of a normal stress wave increases with the increase of thermal shock energy. We analyze the temperature evolution of the thermal shock region according to the Fourier transformation. It can be seen that the “obvious” velocity of heat propagation is less than the velocity of the stress wave; further, that the thermo-elastic stress wave may contribute little to the transport of kinetic energy. The heat propagation can be described properly by the heat conduction equation. These results may be useful for understanding the process of the thermal shock of tungsten.