地基土—多自由度非线性结构相互作用体系的非平稳随机动力响应分析

本文应用一个改进的等效线性化方法探讨了地基土——多自由度非线性结构相互作用体系在随机地震荷载作用下的非平稳动力响应问题。对非线性恢复力模型采用一个具有三线性滞回特性的非线性系统。最后将在平稳Gauss过滤白噪声激励下的非平稳随机响应与Monte-carlo法的统计结果进行了比较,得出了较为满意的结果。     

剪切型非线性滞迟系统随机地震响应的虚拟激励分析

运用虚拟激励法结合等效线性化法分析了剪切型多自由度滞迟系统的平衡随机地震响应,对于滞迟等效线性系统,对每一步迭代不需要求解高阶李亚谱诺夫方程,而只须求解一个低阶复系数代数方程即可：可以只计算所需要的方差向量,因而计算效率较高,特别是对于较多自由度的滞迟系统。     

基于首次超越破坏时间概率的结构动力可靠性分析

对结构非线性动力系统的首次超越破坏(失效)进行研究。首先,采用等效线性化与随机平均方法,推导出了首次超越破坏时间的结构失效概率分布函数,并对单自由度非线性体系的失效概率进行了分析。其次,采用虚拟激励法对多自由度滞变结构体系进行了随机响应计算,结合首次超越准则(双侧界动力界限),研究了随机地震激励下高层结构的各楼层与结构整体可靠度。研究表明:在激励和破坏界限值相同的情况下,非线性体系的首次超越破坏时间概率要比相应线性体系的小;并发现了在随机地震激励下高层结构的薄弱层楼层的位置。该方法对结构的性能设计与控制具有指导意义。     

多自由度柔性结构非线性随机振动响应分析方法

随机等效线性化方法是多自由度结构非线性随机振动分析的有效方法,然而柔性结构隐式的系统方程限制了该方法的应用.本文首先提出了把多自由度柔性结构隐式系统方程显式化的等效非线性系统建立方法,该方法结合模态分析,将系统几何非线性作用等效为模态坐标的高次多项式组合,把多自由度物理系统转化为容易求解的模态系统;在此基础上运用随机等效线性化技术建立柔性结构非线性随机振动响应分析方法.该方法通过引入虚拟激励原理,大幅提高了计算效率,使对多自由柔性结构的非线性随机振动响应分析成为可能.通过算例分析,本文分析结果和精确解与数值模拟解的比较结果表明,本文方法具有较好的计算精度和较高的计算效率,能够应用于实际柔性工程结构的随机振动响应分析.     

随机激励下滞迟系统的稳态响应闭合解

滞迟系统属于一类典型的强非线性系统,滞迟力不仅取决于系统的瞬时变形,还与变形历程有关.虽然滞迟系统的随机振动问题已被广泛研究,但至今尚未得到滞迟系统随机响应概率密度函数的精确闭合解.本文运用迭代加权残值法获得了高斯白噪声激励下Bouc-Wen滞迟系统稳态响应概率密度函数的近似闭合解.首先,运用等效线性化法求出系统的稳态高斯概率密度函数;然后以此构造权函数,应用加权残值法求得了系统指数多项式形式的非高斯概率密度函数;最后引入迭代的过程,逐步优化权函数,提高计算所得结果的精度.以随机地震激励下钢纤维陶粒混凝土结构的稳态响应作为算例,其中Bouc-Wen模型的参数是基于拟静力学试验数据,并应用最小二乘法辨识获得.与Monte Carlo模拟结果相比,等效线性化法得到的结果精度较差;由加权残值法得到的结果能够表现出非线性特征,但其精度依然无法令人满意;采用迭代加权残值法得到的近似闭合解与Monte Carlo模拟的结果吻合非常好;对于较强随机激励情形,采用渐进迭代加权残值法具有较高的求解效率,所获得的理论解析解具有较高的精度.结果表明,所获得的近似闭合解不仅对于土木工程领域具有重要的实际应用价值,而且还可作为检验其他非线性系统随机响应预测方法的精度的标准.     

一种改进的等效线性化方法

提出了一种改进的等效线性化方法.将现有方法中忽略的高阶谐波项作为等效线性方程的外激励,得到非齐次的等效线性化方程,利用谐波平衡法将该方程分解为一系列常微分方程组,用摄动法求解.算例表明,本文方法不仅提高了等效线性化方法的精度,而且对现有方法不能处理的含偶次非线性系统的分析同样有效.     

基于等效线性化法的弱非线性体系下的地震响应分析

对弱非线性单自由度非自由振动系统结构在白噪声地震激励下的随机响应问题进行了研究。首先,建立了结构的弱非线性响应方程;然后根据能量平衡原理对运动方程进行了等效线性化;最后获得了金井清谱(Kanai-Tajimi谱)下等效线性化方程的位移响应及速度响应的方差,将弱非线性随机响应问题简化为求解线性随机响应问题,并给出了算例验证。结果表明,该方法可以准确得到弱非线性随机响应问题的解。同时,建立了单自由度结构弱非线性随机响应频域分析的统一解析解法。     

多自由度非线性随机系统的响应与稳定性

响应与稳定性分析一直是随机动力学研究的热点, 发展预测随机响应及判定系统响应性态的方法具有重要的科学意义与广阔的应用前景. 本文综述了有关多自由度非线性随机系统的响应与稳定性的研究. 首先简介用于随机系统响应预测的Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov方程法、随机平均法、等效线性化法、等效非线性系统法和Monte Carlo模拟法, 评述其优缺点, 进而讨论了多自由度非线性随机系统响应的精确平稳解、近似瞬态解的研究现状. 然后介绍了随机系统稳定性分析的两类方法, 即Lyapunov函数法及Lyapunov指数法,并综述了多自由度非线性随机系统稳定性分析的研究现状. 最后给出几点发展建议.     

等效线性化方法的最优性

等效线性化方法的最优性陈立群（鞍山钢铁学院理论力学教研室鞍山１１４００２）对于弱非线性单自由度自由振动系统的第一次近似用能量平衡原理或谐波平衡原理都可以导出等效线性化系统ｌ‘］其中而且可以证明方程（３）是精确到Ｏ（。）的方程．这里将进一步证明以等效线...     

非线性系统非平稳随机响应的时域模态分析法

采用时域模态分析和统计线性化法，得到了一个计算非线性多自由度系统非平稳随机响应的方法。该方法是基于统计线性化参数在一系列微小时间间隔内保持不变，而在这些微小时间间隔的分界点突然改变的假定。考虑了等效线性化系统的时变性；获得了响应协方差矩阵的递推关系。给出了两个算例，并将计算结果与相应的数字模拟结果进行了比较。结果证明该方法是具有满意精度和有效，而且可用于时变系统     

On statistical quasi-linearization

In carrying out the statistical linearization procedure to a non-linear system subjected to an external random excitation, a Gaussian probability distribution is assumed for the system response. If the random excitation is non-Gaussian, however, the procedure may lead to a large error since the response of bother the original non-linear system and the replacement linear system are not Gaussian distributed. It is found that in some cases such a system can be transformed to one under parametric excitations of Gaussian white noises. Then the quasi-linearization procedure, proposed originally for non-linear systems under both external and parametric excitations of Gaussian white noises, can be applied to these cases. In the procedure, exact statistical moments of the replacing quasi-linear system are used to calculate the linearization parameters. Since the assumption of a Gaussian probability distribution is avoided, the accuracy of the approximation method is improved. The approach is applied to non-linear systems under two types of non-Gaussian excitations: randomized sinusoidal process and polynomials of a filtered process. Numerical examples are investigated, and the calculated results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy than the conventional linearization, as compared with the results obtained from Monte Carlo simulations.     

转子系统的平稳／非平稳随机地震响应分析

应用虚拟激励法结合精细时程积分计算了转子系统受平稳／非平稳随机地震激励的动力响应。采用虚拟激励分析将平稳随机激励转化为稳态简谐激励，将非平稳随机激励转化为瞬态确定性激励，即使对于非对称的油膜刚度阵和阻尼阵，算法仍然简单高效，并得到精确的结果。     

Stochastic sensitivity analysis of coupled acoustic-structural systems under non-stationary random excitations

This paper presents a new sensitivity analysis method for coupled acoustic–structural systems subjected to non-stationary random excitations. The integral of the response power spectrum density (PSD) of the coupled system is taken as the objective function. The thickness of each structural element is used as a design variable. A time-domain algorithm integrating the pseudo excitation method (PEM), direct differentiation method (DDM) and high precision direct (HPD) integration method is proposed for the sensitivity analysis of the objective function with respect to design variables. Firstly, the PEM is adopted to transform the sensitivity analysis under non-stationary random excitations into the sensitivity analysis under pseudo transient excitations. Then, the sensitivity analysis equation of the coupled system under pseudo transient excitations is derived based on the DDM. Moreover, the HPD integration method is used to efficiently solve the sensitivity analysis equation under pseudo transient excitations in a reduced-order modal space. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.     

Response of Systems Under Non-Gaussian Random Excitations

The approach of nonlinear filter is applied to model non-Gaussian stochastic processes defined in an infinite space, a semi-infinite space or a bounded space with one-peak or multiple peaks in their spectral densities. Exact statistical moments of any order are obtained for responses of linear systems jected to such non-Gaussian excitations. For nonlinear systems, an improved linearization procedure is proposed by using the exact statistical moments obtained for the responses of the equivalent linear systems, thus, avoiding the Gaussian assumption used in the conventional linearization. Numerical examples show that the proposed procedure has much higher accuracy than the conventional linearization in cases of strong system nonlinearity and/or high excitation non-Gaussianity. An erratum to this article is available at .     

SEISMIC RANDOM VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF LOCALLY NONLINEAR STRUCTURES

A nonlinear seismic analysis method for complex frame structures subjected to stationary random ground excitations is proposed. The nonlinear elasto-plastic behaviors may take place only on a small part of the structure. The Bouc-Wen differential equation model is used to model the hysteretic characteristics of the nonlinear components. The Pseudo Excitation Method (PEM) is used in solving the linearized random differential equations to replace the solution of the less efficient Lyapunov equation. Numerical results of a real bridge show that .the method proposed is effective for practical engineering analysis.     

A probabilistic linearization method for non-linear systems subjected to additive and multiplicative excitations

A general method to obtain approximate solutions for the random response of non-linear systems subjected to both additive and multiplicative Gaussian white noises is presented. Starting from the concept of linearization, the proposed method of “Probabilistic Linearization” (PL) is based on the replacement of the Fokker–Planck equation of the original non-linear system with an equivalent one relative to a linear system subjected to additive excitation only. By means of the general scheme of the weighted residuals, the unknown coefficients of the equivalent system are determined. Assuming a Gaussian probability density function of the response process and by choosing the weighting functions in a suitable way, the equivalence of the proposed method, called “Gaussian Probabilistic Linearization” (GPL), with the “Gaussian Stochastic Linearization” (GSL) applied to the coefficients of the Itô differential rule is evidenced. In addition, the generalization of the proposed method, called “Generalized Gaussian Probabilistic Linearization” (GGPL), is presented. Numerical applications show as, varying the choice of the weighting functions, it is possible to obtain different linearizations, with a variable degree of accuracy. For the two examples considered, different suitable combinations of the weighting functions lead to different equivalent linear systems, all characterized by the exact solution in terms of variance.     

粘滞阻尼器减震结构非线性随机振动的时域显式降维迭代随机模拟法

粘滞阻尼器在大型复杂结构减震设计中应用广泛。由于粘滞阻尼器的非线性阻尼力特性,粘滞阻尼器减震结构非平稳随机地震反应分析是一个典型的局部非线性随机振动问题。利用减震结构动力响应时域显式表达式的降维列式优势,仅针对与粘滞阻尼器相关的局部自由度进行非线性迭代计算,提出了局部非线性随机振动问题的时域显式降维迭代随机模拟法,为设置粘滞阻尼器的大型复杂减震结构非线性地震反应分析提供一种高效的随机振动方法。以安装了四个纵桥向粘滞阻尼器的某主跨1200m悬索桥为工程实例,开展E2水准地震激励下的非线性随机振动分析。计算结果显示,设置阻尼器后,主梁的纵桥向位移得到明显控制,降幅达到80%,大桥的关键截面内力也有5%左右的降幅。     

不平衡线性转子-轴承系统的非平稳地震激励响应分析

给出了受随机地震激励的线性转子-轴承系统动力响应的有效分析方法。应用虚拟激励法和数值积分法,采用Kanai-Tajimi地震模型,对一个四自由度非对称的刚性转子-轴承系统在地震激励和谐波激励联合作用下的位移响应、位移响应谱密度及响应时变方差进行了分析。讨论了不同转速对位移响应时变方差的影响和不同采样角频率对位移响应时变方差曲线的影响。     

非Gauss分布随机波浪力对海洋平台的非线性作用

为避免求解决定Maikov过程转移概率密度的Fokker—Planck方程，基于尺度分离的假设导出了一组描述非线性海洋平台受非Gauss分布随机波浪载荷作用所产生响应的矩量的常微分方程组。矩量方程清楚地反映出分别对应随机载荷和结构响应的两种不同统计特性的相互关系。由于矩量方程不依赖载荷的概率分布的具体细节，以它来模拟随机激励作用下的非线性系统将免于Monte Carlo方法所面临的正确模拟载荷概率分布的困难任务。将摄动法用于矩量方程可使线性化不再需要，这样就不会因为线性化而产生不可预料的误差。     

行波效应下结构非平稳随机地震峰值响应分析

地震运动在本质上是非平稳随机过程。对于一个典型的地震记录,如果地震平稳段持续时间较短,采用非平稳随机过程描述其地震动特性较为合理。目前被最广泛接受的地震非平稳随机振动模型是演变随机激励模型。本文将虚拟激励法和精细积分法相结合,高精度计算了结构在这种随机地震激励下的时变均方根响应,并等效转化为相应的平稳随机过程后进行结构峰值响应计算。不仅考虑了激励的非平稳性,同时高效精确地考虑了结构的动力特性和地震行波效应。能够方便地应用于大型复杂结构,特别是为大跨度桥梁抗震分析提供了高效的计算手段。实际结构算例表明平稳假设会得到偏于保守的结果。当阻尼比较小时,这种差别会更明显。采用非平稳激励模型,显然更为合理;采用本文提出的方法可以很方便地处理这类问题。