The Influence of Line Tension on the Formation of Surface Nanobubbles

Russian Physics Journal - The paper investigates the formation and stability of the surface nanobubbles with regard to the line tension at the triple phase boundary; the pinning effect, when the...     

Theory of Stochastic Laplacian Growth

We generalize the diffusion-limited aggregation by issuing many randomly-walking particles, which stick to a cluster at the discrete time unit providing its growth. Using simple combinatorial arguments we determine probabilities of different growth scenarios and prove that the most probable evolution is governed by the deterministic Laplacian growth equation. A potential-theoretical analysis of the growth probabilities reveals connections with the tau-function of the integrable dispersionless limit of the two-dimensional Toda hierarchy, normal matrix ensembles, and the two-dimensional Dyson gas confined in a non-uniform magnetic field. We introduce the time-dependent Hamiltonian, which generates transitions between different classes of equivalence of closed curves, and prove the Hamiltonian structure of the interface dynamics. Finally, we propose a relation between probabilities of growth scenarios and the semi-classical limit of certain correlation functions of “light” exponential operators in the Liouville conformal field theory on a pseudosphere.     

Zero Surface Tension Limit of Viscous Surface Waves

We consider the free boundary problem for a layer of viscous, incompressible fluid in a uniform gravitational field, lying above a rigid bottom and below the atmosphere. For the “semi-small” initial data, we prove the zero surface tension limit of the problem within a local time interval. The unique local strong solution with surface tension is constructed as the limit of a sequence of approximate solutions to a special parabolic regularization. For the small initial data, we prove the global-in-time zero surface tension limit of the problem.     

On a Competitive Model of Laplacian Growth

We introduce a competitive model of Laplacian growth in both stochastic and deterministic versions. This defines two different aggregation laws with probabilities λ and 1−λ. The parameter λ varying from 0 to 1 is used to weight a ratio between the inner and outer harmonic measures that leads to a competition between the Eden-like process and the DLA solved with site-sticking conditions. We perform numerical and qualitative analysis of the competitive growth.     

Finger Growth and Selection in a Poisson Field

Journal of Statistical Physics - Solutions are found for the growth of infinitesimally thin, two-dimensional fingers governed by Poisson’s equation in a long strip. The analytical results...     

Imaginary Part of the Surface Tension of Water

We report a direct measurement of the imaginary part of the surface tension of water through a dynamic scheme using a thin vertical glass fiber of diameter of 3 tun with one end glued onto a cantilever beam and the other end touching a water-air interface. The frequency dependence of the dissipation factor experienced by the glass fiber is exactly calculated through measuring the phase delay with various frequencies when the glass fiber is forced to oscillate vertically. We find the same intercept at the dissipation factor axis for different frequency dependences of the dissipation factor for different depths by which the glass fiber is dipped into water. This nonzero dissipation factor at zero frequency presents direct evidence of the existence of the imaginary part of surface tension of water and yields a complex surface tension of water σ^＊ = 0.073 ＋ i（0.017 ± 0.002） N/m at room temperature.     

关于液体表面张力的一个问题

由安徽大学出版社出版，牛金生主编的面向21世纪五年高等职业教育教材[物理]第一册第168页中关于液体的表面张力的解述中，其中最后一句：“……显然在平静的水面上轻轻放上一枚硬币而不下沉也是水的表面张力在起作用的缘故了．”由于该书对表面张力的解述较少，故很多同学认为硬币不下沉是由于硬币受到了液体的表面张力和重力相平衡的缘故(如图1)．这显然是错误的，这是由于同学对表面张力的概念不甚理解所致．我们知     

绝缘衬底上硅表面载流子的超快动力学研究

利用800 nm波长的飞秒抽运探测技术测量r具有不同单晶硅薄膜厚度的绝缘衬底上硅(SOI)皮秒瞬态反射率变化,并通过基于受激载流子密度和温度变化过程建立的反射率模型讨论了SOI表面载流子的超快动力学过程.研究表明,表面复合速度(SRV)是影响载流子动力学响应的主要因素,且薄膜厚度越小表面复合速度就越大,对应的表面态密度可达到1013cm-2 .对于较小的SRV,受激载流子的超快响应决定了瞬念反射率变化;而对于较大的SRV,晶格温升对瞬态反射率变化的贞献变得显著,使得反射率在更短的时间内恢复并超过初始值.     

Influence of Surface Tension on the Fragmentation of Resonances

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - Some sources of the splitting of cross sections for the excitation of $$E$$ 1 resonances are discussed for the example of shell-model calculations for the $${}^{16}$$ O...     

液体表面张力系数测试仪的研制

介绍一种测定液体表面张力的自制简易装置,可以测量不同物质、不同浓度液体的表面张力系数。仪器制作取材方便,安装调试简单,尤其是改进了常规液膜"拉脱"方法(焦利秤、扭秤和螺旋升降台),使得自组表面张力系数测试仪精度高,稳定性好。     

硅熔体的密度,表面张力和粘度

对硅熔体的基本物理性质，密度、表面张力、粘了新实验结果进行了综述，发现在硅的熔点（约为１４１５℃）以上１５－２０℃的温区内存在明显的变异现象，这些最新实验结果与过去的文献报道值相差甚远，如：密度大２－３％，表面张力小２０－３０％，粘度大４０％，在熔点附近，熔体的密度和表面张力是杂质的敏感量，硅熔点附近物理性质的这些异常变化，认为是由于硅原子结构状态的变化而引起的。     

新型液体表面张力系数测试仪的研制

研制了新型的液体表面张力系数测试仪,测量了不同流速时液体的表面张力系数。随液体流速增加,液体的表面张力系数先减小,后迅速增加,当液体流速达到3.0ml/s时,液体的表面张力趋于稳定,该值与理论值较接近。     

Weakly Nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Incompressible Fluids with Surface Tension

A weakly nonlinear model is established for incompressible Rayleigh—Taylor instability with surface tension. The temporal evolution of a perturbed interface is explored analytically via the third-order solution. The dependence of the first three harmonics on the surface tension is discussed. The amplitudes of bubble and spike are greatly affected by surface tension. The saturation amplitude of the fundamental mode versus the Atwood number A is investigated with surface tension into consideration. The saturation amplitude decreases with increasing A. Surface tension exhibits a stabilizing phenomenon. It is shown that the asymmetrical development of the perturbed interface occurs much later for large surface tension effect.     

Thermodynamics of Surface Tension: Application to Electrolyte Solutions

In this contribution to the special issue of the Journal of Statistical Physics dedicated to Michael Fisher on his 70th birthday, I shall review two thermodynamically distinct routes for obtaining the interfacial tension of liquid-vapor interfaces in mixtures. A specific application to the calculation of excess surface tension of aqueous electrolyte solutions will be presented.     

Surface Tension and Electrostriction in a Suspended Bridge of Dielectric Liquid

The mechanism of the formation of a surprisingly long suspended liquid bridge subjected to a dc electric field has been intensively studied in the past few decades. However, the role of electrostriction and quantitative evaluation of surface tension in the bridge have not been evaluated. We present combined theoretical and experimental studies on this issue. Electrostriction is pointed out to be the driving force that pushes liquid upward against gravity and into the gap between two containers and forms the suspended bridge, which is within the framework of the Maxwell pressure tensor. Through a comparison between experiment and theory, the surface tension is found to play an important role in holding the long suspended bridge. Ignorance of the surface tension leads to much smaller bridge length than the experimental values. The dynamic stability of the bridge with respect to its diameter, length and conductance is also discussed.     

质子交换光波导生长动力学研究

分析了质子交换光波导的生长动力学并给出了波导层厚度与生长时间的计算公式。     

利用自制装备测量液体表面张力系数

文章利用自制装备采用液膜气泡法在14℃条件下对肥皂液表面张力系数进行测量。利用实验室的装备采用拉脱法进行测量,证明自制装备可以较为准确的测出表面张力系数。