大分子引发剂分子量对接枝聚合物基体的PDLC电光性能的影响

以可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)、引发转移终止(iniferter)活性自由基聚合相结合的方法,用一步法制备了不同分子量的大分子引发剂RAFT-PS-co-PCMSI(MI),并通过紫外光聚合诱导相分离法制备了以接枝聚合物为基体的聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)膜.研究了不同分子量的MI对PDLC的微观形貌,关闭状态透光率,阈值电压,饱和电压以及记忆效应等方面的影响.研究表明,降低PDLC中MI的分子量,会使得液晶微滴粒径增大,阈值电压(Vth)、饱和电压(Vsat)减小,记忆效应、关闭状态透光率升高.     

固化条件对聚合物分散液晶膜电光性能的影响

选用聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)/季戊四醇缩水甘油醚(PERTGE)/1,8-二氨基-3,6-二氧杂辛烷(EDBEA)/向列相液晶(SLC1717)复合体系,在不同的固化条件下,通过热聚合诱导相分离方法制备了一系列电光性能不同的聚合物分散液晶(polymer dispersed liquid crystal,简称PDLC)膜.研究了固化温度和固化时间对制备的PDLC膜中聚合物网络的微观形貌和电光性能的影响.结果表明,随着固化温度的升高以及固化时间的缩短,PDLC膜的对比度、驱动电压和开态响应时间逐渐增大,而关态响应时间逐渐减小.在固化温度为363.2 K,固化时间为7 h时,所制备的PDLC膜具有较佳的电光性能.     

纳米TiO2膜负载聚(3-溴噻吩)的电化学聚合和电色效应研究

本文以纳米多孔的TiO2膜为基底,通过恒电流阳极聚合的方法制备聚(3-溴噻吩) (PBrT)膜,并研究负载在纳米TiO2膜上PBrT的电致变色性能。采用原子力显微镜(AFM)对纳米TiO2膜的形貌进行表征。利用紫外吸收光谱、计时安培法、计时吸收法研究PBrT膜的电致变色性能。结果显示,沉积在纳米多孔TiO2膜上的PBrT具有更优越的电致变色性能。PBrT膜氧化态时为亮红色,还原态时为深蓝色,颜色的对比度为22%,库仑效率为70%,着色效率为191.3 cm2 C-1（还原态）,88.9 cm2 C-1（氧化态）,该聚合膜具有良好的记忆效应。PBrT/TiO2优异的电致变色性能使其成为良好的电致变色材料,在电致变色器件方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

新型液晶高分子膜的制备及其电光性能

采用聚合相分离原理制备了一种电光性能优良的新型液晶高分子膜—— PDLC膜. 从应用角度出发, 创新性地使用白光而非可见光区某一波长的光表征PDLC膜的性能参数, 如对比度、工作电压、响应视角等, 测试结果表明该膜工作电压为20 V、响应视角150°以上、寿命达105数量级且性能稳定, 同时比较了基片材质的影响, 发现塑料ITO基片制备的PDLC膜对比度性能更优越, 且容易制成大面积、可折叠的显示器件, 有着更广泛的应用价值. 该膜在传感器以及分析仪器元器件如新型光栅等方面已显示出其潜在的应用前景.     

基于偶氮液晶的PDLC膜光调制研究

采用聚苯乙烯和光敏混合向列液晶(5CB＋BMAB), 通过溶剂引发相分离制备了聚合物分散液晶膜(PDLC). 利用偶氮液晶的光致相变, 实现了聚合物分散液晶薄膜的光控开关. 实验结果表明, 在PDLC膜内部液晶微球中, 液晶分子呈双极形分布. 其光控温度区间19～36 ℃之间. 以360 nm附近紫外光照射之后, PDLC膜的最大透光率从6%增加到93%. 在相同的工作距离下, 光调制的时间与PDLC膜内部微孔直径相关. 在相同的液晶浓度下, 直径越小, 调制时间越长.     

丙酮对MMA-St无皂乳液聚合速率的影响

运用溶剂热法,以丙酮-水为分散介质,过硫酸钾为引发剂引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和苯乙烯(St)共聚,制备了P(MMA-St)。讨论了丙酮含量对MMA,St均聚和MMA-St共聚的影响。实验结果表明：随着丙酮含量的增加,MMA成核速率先减小后增大,聚合速率先减小后增大再减小;St成核速率先增大后减小再增大,聚合速率先增大后减小;丙酮含量对MMA-St共聚的聚合速率的影响与单体比例有关,当V(MMA)：V(St)=1：1时,聚合速率随丙酮的增加逐渐降低,当V(MMA)：V(St)=1：3和3：1时,聚合速率随丙酮的增加先增大后逐渐减小;当丙酮含量高于40％后,MMA,St各自均聚和共聚的反应速率均明显减小。     

丙烯酸酯/液晶体系的光聚合反应动力学对PDLC电光性质的影响

采用光-示差扫描量热法(P-DSC)和光-流变学(P-Rheology)技术,测定了丙烯酸酯/液晶体系的光聚合反应动力学和凝胶化时间.基于自催化模型和凝胶时间-温度关系,计算了体系的光聚合反应速率常数和活化能,探讨了单体结构与组成、反应温度对体系光聚合动力学的影响,并研究了聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)的电光响应行为与相分离结构对光聚合动力学的依赖性.结果表明,升高反应温度、增加体系的单体反应活性和平均官能度,均提高了体系的光聚合速率常数,缩短了光聚合凝胶时间.随着单体反应活性和平均官能度的提高,体系的光聚合反应活化能明显降低,且凝胶化前的光聚合反应活化能低于光聚合全过程的平均反应活化能.当液晶含量为50%时,形成的PDLC呈亚微米尺度的双连续相结构.随着光聚合反应温度的升高,光聚合速率加快,导致凝胶时间缩短、相分离程度降低,使PDLC中液晶相尺寸变小、聚合物网络致密化,PDLC的弛豫时间延长、饱和电压降低,而开启时间和阈值电压变化不大.     

聚合物分散液晶PMMA-5CB的制备及电光性能

以聚合引发相分离的方法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)基聚合物分散液晶(PDLC).通过差示量热扫描仪(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)对不同液晶5CB(4-氰基-4'-戊基联苯)含量的PDLC热力学行为和液晶分散状态进行了表征.在电压为0～30 V、波长为633 nm处,用紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对PDLC的电光性能进行了研究.结果表明当w(5CB)达到20%以上时,PDLC发生相分离现象;当w(5CB)=30%时,液晶的分散状态最佳,电光效应最强.     

高聚合物含量丙烯酸酯超微胶乳的制备

通过对一次加料法、单体预乳化法及单体两段滴加法制备超微胶乳的比较,发现单体两段滴加法的反应过程相当稳定.单体两段滴加法中,当预加单体量小于30%时,聚合过程稳定,氨化剪切后超微胶乳透光率约65%;当聚合物含量超过34%时,超微胶乳体系呈凝胶状.对胶乳的氨化剪切过程进行优化,发现加氨量有一最佳值,此时超微胶乳既保持较高的透光率 (～65%),又具有较低的粘度 (～220cp).最后,通过"单体两段滴加法乳液聚合 氨化剪切"制备了聚合物含量约为32%、乳化剂含量约为1.2%、数均粒径约为63nm、粒径分布为1.17的丙烯酸酯超微胶乳.     

热致相分离法偏二氯乙烯-氯乙烯共聚物多孔膜的制备及性能

以偏二氯乙烯-氯乙烯共聚物[P(VDC-co-VC)]为成膜聚合物, 邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)为稀释剂, 采用热致相分离(TIPS)法制备了具有多孔结构的P(VDC-co-VC)膜. 通过聚合物-稀释剂二元体系相图、 场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、 差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 原子力显微镜(AFM)、 纯水通量、 接触角、 孔径及其分布、 截留率及力学性能等研究了聚合物含量对P(VDC-co-VC)多孔膜结构和性能的影响. 结果表明, P(VDC-co-VC)-DMP二元体系成膜过程以液-液(L-L)分相为主, 随着聚合物含量增加, 膜的横截面由类花瓣状结构向胞腔状结构转变, 膜的孔连通性降低, 结构变得较为致密, 同时膜上表面孔隙率降低, 粗糙度增大. L-L分相时间和聚合物含量的变化, 导致膜结晶度先降低后增大. 聚合物含量的增加使膜上表面接触角、 断裂强度及蛋白截留率增加, 但膜的平均孔径、 孔隙率及纯水通量先增加后减小. 当聚合物质量分数为30%时, 所得膜通透性较优, 断裂强度可达7.5 MPa.     

A novel polymer dispersed liquid crystal film prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization

Polymer as an important component of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) has a great influence on electro-optical properties. In this letter, the effect of molecular weight of polymer matrix on the electro-optical properties of PDLC films was investigated with reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization. It was found that the saturation voltage and memory effect were apparently influenced by molecular weight of polymer which can be regulated efficiently by irradiation time, while the morphology of liquid crystal droplets kept unaltered. It was estimated that the increase of molecular weight of polymer enhanced entanglement between polymer and liquid crystal, which induced the different surface interaction and electro-optical properties.     

The effect of molecular weight of polymer matrix on properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals

The electro-optical properties and memory effects are important characters of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) devices. Molecular weight of polymer matrix influences the morphology of liquid crystal droplets in PDLC film and the performance of PDLC devices. In this letter, PDLC films were doped with a small amount of chain transfer agent (CTA), in order to control the molecular weight of polymer matrix. It is observed that the addition of CTA induces a reduction of threshold voltage. In addition, the effect of molecular weight on memory effects of PDLC devices was also discussed. It is found that the entanglement between polymer and liquid crystal molecule increased with the molecular weight, which reduces the memory effect.     

Effects of chemical structure and composition of the polymer matrix on the morphology and electro-optical performance of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) systems on the basis of nematic liquid crystal E7 and amphiphilic binary copolymers of acrylic acid (AA) with such acrylates as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), n-butyl acrylate (BA), and methyl acrylate (MA) are investigated. It is shown that the liquid crystal (LC) drops in the copolymer EHA–AA have submicrometre sizes, and their dependence on the composition of the photo-curable monomer mixture is described by a parabolic curve. The highly oriented domain structure in the same system is first revealed when electric field is applied. The threshold voltage for all systems begins to increase with some critical composition of a monomer mixture in which the longer the hydrocarbonic radical in an acrylate molecule, the higher the content of AA. The PDLC system based on the BA–AA copolymer with 30 wt% LC exhibits the least value of the driving voltage, 1 V μm^–1, and the lowest memory effect.     

Highly transparent memory states in polymer dispersed liquid crystal films

Abstract

Electro-optical properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films which have reversed morphology are investigated. Highly transparent memory states, for which transmittances exceed more than 80 per cent, are observed in these PDLC films. The saturation voltage V ₉₀ can be decreased by a PTF (a phase transition with a field) operation and becomes 10 times lower than that without PTF operation. A contrast ratio of more than 600 is obtained in the memory state of a thick PDLC film.     

Studies on electro‐optical properties of polymer matrix/LC/ITO nanoparticles composites

In this paper, polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films consisting of liquid crystal (LC)/monomers/indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles with good near‐infrared absorption property had been fabricated, and the influence of the ITO nanoparticles modified with 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570) on the PDLC films was systematically studied. First, different liquid crystal content was studied to obtain PDLC films with good electro‐optical properties. And then, various weight ratio of ITO nanoparticles was added to samples. While the content of ITO nanoparticles was increased, the saturation voltage increased and the CR decreased. Though the electro‐optical properties of PDLC samples reduced with the addition ITO nanoparticles, the near‐infrared absorption property of films was enhanced.     

Highly transparent memory states in polymer dispersed liquid crystal films

Electro-optical properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films which have reversed morphology are investigated. Highly transparent memory states, for which transmittances exceed more than 80 per cent, are observed in these PDLC films. The saturation voltage V₉₀ can be decreased by a PTF (a phase transition with a field) operation and becomes 10 times lower than that without PTF operation. A contrast ratio of more than 600 is obtained in the memory state of a thick PDLC film.     

Effects of the fluorinated liquid crystal molecules on the electro-optical properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystal films

The different fluorinated liquid crystal (LC) molecules doped to E8 were used as LC component to prepare polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films. The mass fraction of the LC mixture is fixed 50.0 wt%. Results indicate that doping 8.0 wt% fluorinated LC molecule ME3CP to E8 significantly reduced the driving voltage of the PDLC films, and the driving voltage reduced with the rise of mass fraction of ME3CP. Besides, the terminal flexible chain length of the fluorinated LC molecule influenced the LC mixture properties based on E8, such as the dielectric anisotropy, birefringence and viscosity of the LC mixture, and the morphology and the electro-optical properties of PDLC films were controlled not only by the physical properties of the LC mixture, but also by the terminal flexible chain length of the fluorinated LC molecule .     

Improvement of permanent memory effect in PDLC films using TX-100 as an additive

A number of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films based on dimethacrylate monomers were synthesised by polymer-induced phase separation (PIPS) using polyethylene glycol p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl ether (TX-100) as an additive up to total solution weight of 10% aiming to modify the initial anchorage force of the liquid crystal (LC) molecules to the polymeric matrix. The effects of the addition of this additive to the PDLC films were studied resorting to electro-optical studies. Using a fitting model, several parameters were correlated such as the permanent memory effect (PME), the voltage required to achieve 90% of maximum transmittance (E90), the average elastic constant (K) and the rotational viscosity of the director (γ). The use of TX-100 results on an increase on the PME and γ, and decrease on the E90 and K.     

Model for coherent transmittance calculation for polymer dispersed liquid crystal films

This paper analyses the methods of calculating the coherent (direct) transmittance of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films which are polymer-based films with embedded liquid crystal droplets. By comparison with experimental data it is shown that at a high concentration of LC droplets, Beer's law, which is frequently used, leads to large errors in calculations of the transmittance of PDLC films. To calculate coherent transmittance, it is expedient to use the interference approximation which takes into account the interference of waves scattered by individual LC droplets and leads to much more accurate results.