Certain Families of Elliptic Functions Defined by <Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>-Series

We introduce certain families of elliptic functions involving the Weierstrass ℘-function via q-series systematically and investigate their analytic and algebraic properties. Especially, we give examples of non-linear algebraic ordinary differential equations satisfied by some such elliptic functions. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary–11M36, 33E05     

Sur les idéaux stables dans certains anneaux différentiels de formes quasi-modulaires de Hilbert

Nesterenko (Sb. Math. 187:1319–1348, [1996]) proved, among other results, the algebraic independence over ℚ of the numbers π and e ^π . A very important feature of his proof is a multiplicity estimate for quasi-modular forms associated to SL ₂(ℤ) which involves differential properties of certain non-linear differential systems. The aim of this article is to begin the study of the corresponding properties for Hilbert modular and quasi-modular forms, especially those which are associated with the number field . We show that the differential structure of these functions has several analogies with the differential structure of the quasi-modular forms associated to SL ₂(ℤ).      

A new class of lattice paths and partitions with <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis> copies of <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>

Agarwal and Bressoud (Pacific J. Math. 136(2) (1989) 209–228) defined a class of weighted lattice paths and interpreted several q-series combinatorially. Using the same class of lattice paths, Agarwal (Utilitas Math. 53 (1998) 71–80; ARS Combinatoria 76 (2005) 151–160) provided combinatorial interpretations for several more q-series. In this paper, a new class of weighted lattice paths, which we call associated lattice paths is introduced. It is shown that these new lattice paths can also be used for giving combinatorial meaning to certain q-series. However, the main advantage of our associated lattice paths is that they provide a graphical representation for partitions with n + t copies of n introduced and studied by Agarwal (Partitions with n copies of n, Lecture Notes in Math., No. 1234 (Berlin/New York: Springer-Verlag) (1985) 1–4) and Agarwal and Andrews (J. Combin. Theory A45(1) (1987) 40–49).     

Average distribution of prime ideals in families of number fields

We view an algebraic curve over ℚ as providing a one-parameter family of number fields and obtain bounds for the average value of some standard prime ideal counting functions over these families which are better than averaging the standard estimates for these functions.      

Elliptic curves with CM by and 3-adic valuations of their L-series

 Consider elliptic curves defined over the quadratic field ℚ. Hecke L-series attached to E are studied, formulae for their values at , and bound of 3-adic valuations of these values are given. These results are consistent with the predictions of the conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer, and develop some results in recent literature.     

On relations for the multiple <Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>-zeta values

We prove a new relation for the multiple q-zeta values (MqZV’s). It is a q-analogue of the Ohno-Zagier relation for the multiple zeta values (MZV’s). We discuss the problem of determining the dimension of the space spanned by MqZV’s over ℚ, and present an application to MZV. The first author is supported by Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) No. 17740026 and the second author is supported by Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) No. 17740089.     

Measures on diffeomorphism groups for non-archimedean manifolds: Group representations and their applications

Nondegenerate σ-additive measures with ranges in ℝ and ℚ_q (q≠p are prime numbers) that are quasi-invariant and pseudodifferentiable with respect to dense subgroups G′ are constructed on diffeomorphism and homeomorphism groups G for separable non-Archimedean Banach manifolds M over a local fieldK,K ⊃ ℚ_q, where ℚ_q is the field of p-adic numbers. These measures and the associated irreducible representations are used in the non-Archimedean gravitation theory. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 119, No. 3, pp. 381–396, June, 1999.     

Diagrammes de Diamond et (<Emphasis Type="Italic">φ</Emphasis>, Γ)-modules

Let ρ be a 2-dimensional continuous semi-simple generic representation of Gal(̅ℚ _p /ℚ _p ) over ̅F _p . The modulo p Langlands correspondence for GL₂(ℚ _p ) defined in [5], as realized in [9], can be reformulated as a quite simple recipee giving back the (φ, Γ)-module of the dual of ρ starting from the “Diamond diagram” associated to ρ. Let F be a finite unramified extension of ℚ _p and ρ a 2-dimensional continuous semi-simple generic representation of Gal(̅ℚ _p /F) over ̅F _p . When one formally extends this recipee to the Diamond diagrams associated to ρ in [6], we show that one essentially finds the (φ, Γ)-module of the tensor induction from F to ℚ _p of the dual of ρ.     

Hausdorff operator of special kind on <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-adic field and <Emphasis Type="Italic">BMO</Emphasis>-type spaces

For Hausdorff operator with generating function having support in the unit ball of p-adic field ℚ _p we give sufficient and necessary conditions of its boundedness in BMO-type spaces: BLO(ℚ _p ⁿ ), Q _r ^α,q (ℚ _p ⁿ ) and BMO _r ^α,q (ℚ _p ⁿ ). Some embedding relations between these spaces and Besov spaces are established.     

Algebraic Independence Results Related to 〈 q , r 〉-Number Systems

We define 〈q, r〉-linear arithmetical functions attached to the 〈q, r〉-number systems and give a necessary and sufficient condition for their generating power series to be algebraically independent over \Bbb C(z){\Bbb C}(z) . We also deduce algebraic independence of the functions values at a nonzero algebraic number in the circle of convergence.     

Algebraic independence over ℚ<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis></Subscript> of values of analytic functions at points from ℂ<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis></Subscript>

General theorems on the algebraic independence over ℚ _p of the values of analytic functions at points from ℂ _p and their applications to particular examples are presented in the paper.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">π</Emphasis>-formulas implied by Dougall’s summation theorem for <Subscript>5</Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">F</Emphasis><Subscript>4</Subscript>-series

The general summation theorem for well-poised ₅ F ₄-series discovered by Dougall (Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc. 25:114–132, 1907) is shown to imply several infinite series of Ramanujan-type for 1/π and 1/π ², including those due to Bauer (J. Reine Angew. Math. 56:101–121, 1859) and Glaisher (Q. J. Math. 37:173–198, 1905) as well as some recent ones by Levrie (Ramanujan J. 22:221–230, 2010).     

m-Fold Hypergeometric Solutions of Linear Recurrence Equations Revisited

We present two algorithms to compute m-fold hypergeometric solutions of linear recurrence equations for the classical shift case and for the q-case, respectively. The first is an m-fold generalization and q-generalization of the algorithm by van Hoeij (Appl Algebra Eng Commun Comput 17:83–115, 2005; J. Pure Appl Algebra 139:109–131, 1998) for recurrence equations. The second is a combination of an improved version of the algorithms by Petkovšek (Discrete Math 180:3–22, 1998; J Symb Comput 14(2–3):243–264, 1992) for recurrence and q-recurrence equations and the m-fold algorithm from Petkovšek and Salvy (ISSAC 1993 Proceedings, pp 27–33, 1993) for recurrence equations. We will refer to the classical algorithms as van Hoeij or Petkovšek respectively. To formulate our ideas, we first need to introduce an adapted version of an m-fold Newton polygon and its characteristic polynomials for the classical case and q-case, and to prove the important properties in this case. Using the data from the Newton polygon, we are able to present efficient m-fold versions of the van Hoeij and Petkovšek algorithms for the classical shift case and for the q-case, respectively. Furthermore, we show how one can use the Newton polygon and our characteristic polynomials to conclude for which m ? \mathbbN{m\in \mathbb{N}} there might be an m-fold hypergeometric solution at all. Again by using the information obtained from the Newton polygon, the presentation of the q-Petkovšek algorithm can be simplified and streamlined. Finally, we give timings for the ‘classical’ q-Petkovšek, our q-van Hoeij and our modified q-Petkovšek algorithm on some classes of problems and we present a Maple implementation of the m-fold algorithms for the q-case.     

p-Adic Haar Multiresolution Analysis and Pseudo-Differential Operators

The notion of p-adic multiresolution analysis (MRA) is introduced. We discuss a “natural” refinement equation whose solution (a refinable function) is the characteristic function of the unit disc. This equation reflects the fact that the characteristic function of the unit disc is a sum of p characteristic functions of mutually disjoint discs of radius p ⁻¹. This refinement equation generates a MRA. The case p=2 is studied in detail. Our MRA is a 2-adic analog of the real Haar MRA. But in contrast to the real setting, the refinable function generating our Haar MRA is 1-periodic, which never holds for real refinable functions. This fact implies that there exist infinity many different 2-adic orthonormal wavelet bases in ℒ²(ℚ₂) generated by the same Haar MRA. All of these new bases are described. We also constructed infinity many different multidimensional 2-adic Haar orthonormal wavelet bases for ℒ²(ℚ₂ ⁿ ) by means of the tensor product of one-dimensional MRAs. We also study connections between wavelet analysis and spectral analysis of pseudo-differential operators. A criterion for multidimensional p-adic wavelets to be eigenfunctions for a pseudo-differential operator (in the Lizorkin space) is derived. We proved also that these wavelets are eigenfunctions of the Taibleson multidimensional fractional operator. These facts create the necessary prerequisites for intensive using our wavelet bases in applications. Our results related to the pseudo-differential operators develop the investigations started in Albeverio et al. (J. Fourier Anal. Appl. 12(4):393–425, 2006).      

Some characters of Kac and Wakimoto and nonholomorphic modular functions

Answering a question of Kac, we relate the character formulas for certain sℓ(m, 1)^ modules to automorphic forms. We show that these q-series are the “holomorphic parts” of nonholomorphic modular functions. The authors thank the NSF, and the second author thanks the Manasse family, and the Hilldale Foundation for their support.     

Algebraic Independence Results Related to 〈q, r〉-Number Systems

We define 〈q, r〉-linear arithmetical functions attached to the 〈q, r〉-number systems and give a necessary and sufficient condition for their generating power series to be algebraically independent over . We also deduce algebraic independence of the functions values at a nonzero algebraic number in the circle of convergence.     

Reality properties of conjugacy classes in<Emphasis Type="Italic">G</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript>

LetG be an algebraic group over a fieldk. We callg εG(k) real ifg is conjugate tog ⁻¹ inG(k). In this paper we study reality for groups of typeG ₂ over fields of characteristic different from 2. LetG be such a group overk. We discuss reality for both semisimple and unipotent elements. We show that a semisimple element inG(k) is real if and only if it is a product of two involutions inG(k). Every unipotent element inG(k) is a product of two involutions inG(k). We discuss reality forG ₂ over special fields and construct examples to show that reality fails for semisimple elements inG ₂ over ℚ and ℚ_p. We show that semisimple elements are real forG ₂ overk withcd(k) ≤ 1. We conclude with examples of nonreal elements inG ₂ overk finite, with characteristick not 2 or 3, which are not semisimple or unipotent.     

An identity of Andrews and the Askey-Wilson integral

Andrews (Adv. Math. 41:137–172, 1981) derived a four-variable q-series identity, which is an extension of the Ramanujan ₁ ψ ₁ summation. In this paper, we shall give a simple evaluation of the Askey-Wilson integral by using this identity. The author was supported by the National Science Foundation of China, PCSIRT and Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission.     

Divergent trajectories and ℚ-rank

The author proves a conjecture of the author: IfG is a semisimple real algebraic defined over ℚ, Γ is an arithmetic subgroup (with respect to the given ℚ-structure) andA is a diagonalizable subgroup admitting a divergent trajectory inG/Γ, then dimA≤ rank_ℚ G.     

Voronovskaja-Type Results in Compact Disks for Quaternion q-Bernstein Operators, q ≥ 1

Attaching to a compact disk [`(\mathbbD<sub>r</sub>)]{\overline{\mathbb{D}_{r}}} in the quaternion field \mathbbH{\mathbb{H}} and to some analytic function in Weierstrass sense on [`(\mathbbD_r)]{\overline{\mathbb{D}_{r}}} the so-called q-Bernstein operators with q ≥ 1, Voronovskaja-type results with quantitative upper estimates are proved. As applications, the exact orders of approximation in [`(\mathbbD_r)]{\overline{\mathbb{D}_{r}}} for these operators, namely \frac1n{\frac{1}{n}} if q = 1 and \frac1qⁿ{\frac{1}{q^{n}}} if q > 1, are obtained. The results extend those in the case of approximation of analytic functions of a complex variable in disks by q-Bernstein operators of complex variable in Gal (Mediterr J Math 5(3):253–272, 2008) and complete the upper estimates obtained for q-Bernstein operators of quaternionic variable in Gal (Approximation by Complex Bernstein and Convolution-Type Operators, 2009; Adv Appl Clifford Alg, doi:, 2011).