煤粉颗粒的后向散射特性研究

利用Mie理论研究了单分散煤粉颗粒对光波的散射特性,给出了单次散射相函数、消光效率因子、散射效率因子、不对称因子和单次散射反照率随粒子尺寸的变化关系;当煤粉浓度较大时,需要考虑颗粒系的多次散射特性,根据辐射传输理论,利用蒙特卡洛方法研究了煤粉颗粒的多次散射特性,并给出了其后向散射随观测角度、粒子半径和光学厚度的变化关系,计算结果对煤粉颗粒反演具有一定指导意义。     

基于后向散射的高浓度纳米颗粒粒度分布测量方法研究

传统的动态光散射法通常采集侧向散射进行纳米颗粒粒度分布的测量,由于多次散射的影响,利用侧向散射不能准确测量高浓度样品的颗粒粒度分布。针对该问题,对后向散射测量方法进行了研究,在实验基础上提出了后向散射最佳光程的判断准则。在不同样品浓度下,用侧向散射和后向散射方法对标称粒径分别为110 nm、220 nm的聚苯乙烯乳胶球颗粒进行了测量。实验结果表明,对于高浓度的待测样品,后向散射测量方法通过自适应调整光程,在最优光程处进行测量,能够有效得到高浓度纳米颗粒的粒径及粒度分布,测量结果相对误差为2.72%。     

激光溶胶的光散射特性

介绍了一种掺Nd2O3纳米颗粒的溶胶体系,对其光散射特性和消光系数进行了理论分析和数值模拟.结果表明,当溶胶体系中Nd原子的浓度为1.386×1020cm-3Nd2O3纳米颗粒的半径为5nm、相对折射率小于1.25时,对1064nm波长激光的散射损耗不超过0.002 cm-1.因此,掺Nd2O3纳米颗粒的溶胶体系可能是一种理想的激光介质.     

动态光散射实验中散射光偏振状态的研究

颗粒散射光的偏振状态对提高动态光散射实验系统空间相干性和测量结果正确性有着重要影响,因此研究散射光的偏振状态具有重要现实意义的。本文利用米散射理论分析了入射光与散射光偏振状态之间的关系,在此基础上揭示了在动态光散射中使用垂直偏振光作为入射光的理论依据,并在实验中验证了上述理论的正确性。     

超短激光照射下颗粒的散射效应

对两个纳米颗粒受超短激光照射时表面吸收光强的分布情况进行了研究。基于米散射理论和蒙特卡罗方法建立程序来模拟和追踪光子的运动轨迹,米散射理论主要用于确定光子的散射方向,运用兰贝特定律和解析解对模拟结果进行验证。通过对比材料为金和黑体时双颗粒的光强分布发现,颗粒的散射和激光照射宽度的增加会使颗粒相邻处的光强增大,颗粒底部的光强主要取决于颗粒的反照率大小以及散射光强的分布情况。     

双峰分布颗粒体系的多角度动态光散射数据反演

采用多角度动态光散射和加权正则化反演方法,对4组模拟的双峰分布颗粒体系(100/600 nm,200/600 nm,300/600 nm和350/600 nm)分别选取1、3、6和10个散射角进行测量.粒度反演结果表明,采用加权正则化方法反演双峰颗粒体系的多角度动态光散射测量数据,可获得峰值位置比小于2∶1且含有大粒径(＞350 nm)颗粒的双峰颗粒粒度分布.采用标准聚苯乙烯乳胶颗粒进行实测的结果验证了这一结论.得到含大粒径颗粒的双峰粒度分布反演结果的原因在于,多角度动态光散射能提供更多的大粒径颗粒的粒度信息,加权正则化反演方法能减少测量数据中的噪声,因而多角度动态光散射测量数据的加权反演能实现峰值位置比小于2∶1且含有大粒径颗粒的双峰颗粒体系的测量.     

两种按比例混合颗粒系的多次散射模拟

一种颗粒与其他种类的颗粒混合后, 会使其散射特性发生变化, 本文研究了水云中混有黑炭气溶胶后的散射特性变化. 根据Mie理论计算了水云和黑炭气溶胶散射相函数、单次散射反照率和不对称因子. 给出了混合颗粒系的蒙特卡罗模拟方法, 给出了颗粒碰撞类型抽样、自由程抽样和根据Mie相函数进行散射方向抽样的方法. 计算了光垂直入射时, 水云和黑炭气溶胶混合颗粒系的反射光强随观测角的变化, 并计算了平面反照率随入射角的变化, 讨论了黑炭气溶胶的有效半径、混合比例对整个混合颗粒系散射特性的影响. 计算结果表明, 水云中混合黑炭会加强其吸收, 且黑炭的比例和尺寸不同其散射特性差异较大.     

用散射板干涉仪模拟杨氏干涉实验

本文介绍了用散射扳干涉仪模拟杨氏干涉实验的方法，分析了此方法与传统方法的优缺点，并给出了实验结果的图片。     

基于偏振门的动态光散射颗粒测量法的研究

为了解决动态光散射纳米颗粒测量技术无法测量高浓度颗粒粒径的难题,提出了一种基于偏振门的动态光散射测量法。从动态光散射和Mie理论出发,理论分析了在高浓度溶液下多重散射效应对散射光偏振态和颗粒粒度测量结果的影响。根据散射光偏振特点,结合偏振门检测技术,改进了传统的动态光散射光学系统。实验研究了在低浓度和高浓度溶液时,不同偏振角度下的散射光强和粒度测量值,完善了散射光的偏振理论。采用90°偏振门检偏,通过各种浓度下的实验,证明了方法的可行性。该方法较之目前同类方法具有原理和结构简单,系统易于维护的特点。     

光学定向散射膜片

论述一种简单的光学定向散射方法和用此方法做成的光学定向散射膜片，并给出此种膜片的制作试验结果。     

石英砂-聚乙烯二元混合体系的太赫兹光谱特性研究

太赫兹时域光谱技术目前逐渐应用于对岩石的研究中。在制备样品时通常需要将岩石磨碎后与粘合剂混合压片,岩石的含量、粒径等都会对测试结果造成影响。将自然界中常见的石英砂粉末（不同粒径）与聚乙烯（PE）微粒以不同的比例混合,通过压片的手段将其制成适用于太赫兹系统测试的样品,用以探究样品中石英砂的含量以及其粒径对实验结果的影响。首先研究石英砂含量对实验结果造成的影响。在保持样品中石英砂的粒径不变的情况下,发现不同石英砂含量样品的时域光谱图中,时间延迟以及峰值都呈现出非单调的变化趋势。为了探究出现这种现象的原因,对样品的折射率以及吸收系数做了进一步的分析。结果表明样品的折射率会随着样品中石英砂含量的增加而逐渐增大,通过适用于本实验的有效介质理论能够解释这一现象。样品对于太赫兹波段的吸收系数随着石英砂含量的增加呈现出先增大后减小的现象,并且在石英砂质量分数为60%时达到最大值。为了解释这一现象产生的原因,利用扫描电子显微镜对样品的微观形貌进行观察,发现随着石英砂含量的增加,在压制样品时PE颗粒破碎程度加剧,导致PE的粒径变小。根据米氏散射以及瑞利散射的原理,石英砂粒径不变而PE粒径减小,随之降低的散射强度与石英砂的吸收效应发生竞争,从而导致了吸收系数先增大后减小的现象。进一步研究了石英砂粒径对实验结果的影响,对不同粒径的石英砂样品进行测试,发现折射率不随石英砂粒径的变化而改变,但其吸收系数随着石英砂粒径的减小而逐渐减小。根据米氏散射,样品吸收系数的变化是由于散射强度随石英砂粒径的减小而逐渐减小。研究表明,样品中石英砂的含量和粒径都会对实验结果产生影响。石英砂粒径相同时,样品的吸收系数随石英砂含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,样品的折射率随石英砂含量的增加而逐渐增大;石英砂含量相同时,样品的吸收系数随石英砂粒径的减小而逐渐减小,而样品的折射率基本不变。这一结论对矿物样品的制备以及对混合物的实验结果分析有一定程度的指导意义。     

Scattering behavior of nonabsorbing metallic nanoparticles

The optical property of nanosized metallic particles is unique and size-dependent, which cause color variation. In this work, the relationship between diameter and refractive index of nonabsorbing metallic nanoparticles and their scattering properties is studied by using Mie theory. Obtained results indicate that the optical scattering of metallic nanoparticle depends on their refractive index and diameter. The effect of refractive index on optical scattering depends on the nanoparticle diameter. So that, for very fine nanoparticle (10 nm diameter) the effect of refractive index on scattering is not significant. But the effect of refractive index of large size nanoparticle (700–900 nm diameter) on their optical scattering is higher than fine and medium size nanoparticles. The wavelength with maximum scattering depends on refractive index and nanoparticles diameter. In addition, the colorimetric study indicates that the color of nanoparticle depends on their size and refractive index. So that, the lightness, hue, and colorfulness of nanoparticles is changed by changing size and refractive index.     

气溶胶粒子散射和吸收特性对复折射率依赖性的数值研究

利用米散射理论数值计算分析了尺度参数为0.1~100时球形典型气溶胶粒子的散射和吸收特性对复折射率的依赖性关系。气溶胶粒子复折射率的实部和虚部是一个有机的整体,粒子复折射率的实部和虚部可以分别影响其散射和吸收特性。若实际大气气溶胶粒子大多是成核模态和积聚模态的小粒子,基于气溶胶的散射和吸收特性可以获得其复折射率的唯一解。但是,如果大气中存在大量的粗模态粒子时,气溶胶散射和吸收特性对其复折射率的依赖性较为复杂,只有选择有限的合适复折射率库区间,才有可能获得更合适的有效复折射率。     

A Polydisperse Sphere Model Describing the Propagation of Light in Biological Tissue

A polydisperse sphere model with the complex refractive index is employed to describe the propagation of light in biological tissue. The scattering coefficient, absorption coefficient and scattering phase function are calculated. At the same time, the inverse problem on retrieving the particles size distribution, imaginary part of the refractive index and number density of scatterers is investigated. The result shows that the retrieval scheme together with the Chahine algorithm is effective in dealing with such an inverse problem. It is also clarified that a group of parameters including the scattering coefficient, absorption coefficient and phase function are associated with another group including the refractive index, particle size distribution and number density of scatterers, which is a problem described in two different ways and the anisotropy factor is not an independent variable, but is determined by the phase function.     

Critical Angle Refractometry for Simultaneous Measurement of Particles in Flow: Size and Relative Refractive Index

The principle of the optical technique critical angle refractometry, used to determine the size and refractive index of spherical particles (with relative refractive index below unity) in liquid flows, was investigated. This technique is based on the observation of the particle scattering pattern around the critical angle. Similarly to the recent technique developed for rainbow scattering pattern analysis for droplet temperature and size measurements, it is shown that the relative particle refractive index (m_r<1) and size can be determined from the position of the primary diffraction fringe and from the angular spacing between two fringes. Explicit equations for refractive index and particle size measurement were derived from the first-order term of the physical optics approximation. An experimental validation test and numerical computations based on the Lorenz-Mie theory were used to validate the principle of the proposed technique and to estimate its sensitivity, which was shown to be of the same order as that of the rainbow technique. This technique is considered to be useful for various applications in liquid multiphase flows where the particles size and material are to be characterized.     

A fully vectorial effective index method to analyse the propagation properties of microstructured fiber

Based on numerical simulation, we theoretically study the linear and nonlinear properties of microstructured fiber. Using the fully vectorial effective index method, we calculate the effective refractive index for different air hole size. We show how the linear properties such as spot size, numerical aperture, splice loss and bend loss can be controled by changing the air hole size. We also propose the same method for analysing effective area and self-phase modulation of microstructured fiber for different designing parameters. We compare all our results with other numerical methods.     

Determination of the Refractive Index of Water‐dispersible Granules for Use in Laser Diffraction Experiments

Modern laser light scattering equipment can cover a very broad particle size range by using complex algorithms, such as the Mie theory. A disadvantage of this theory, however, is that it requires the knowledge of the refractive index of the particles, which is not straightforward for powdered organic substances. In this study, thiram, a common dithiocarbamate fungicide, was used as a model compound. In a first part, a method was elaborated to determine the refractive index, based on refractive index measurements of solutions of the compound of interest in a range of solvents. Two different extrapolation techniques were compared. Both techniques were validated by applying them to the determination of the refractive indices of poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(methyl methacrylate). Secondly, the influence of the refractive index value on the generated particle size distribution in the laser diffraction software was investigated. It was observed that widely different particle size distributions can be generated by the laser diffraction software for a single experimental data‐set. Therefore, accurate refractive index information is required to obtain reliable particle size distribution results.     

外混合气溶胶粒子光散射的等效性

以两种典型的气溶胶粒子组成的单分散和多分散处理混合气溶胶粒子系统的光散射的各效率因子，各散射截面和散射相函数分析了以等效折射率描述由具有不同折射率的各种粒子组成的混合气溶胶粒子系统的适用性，结果表明，对单分散系统，本不同的混合比下对于许多尺度参数吸收效率因子和散射相函数的等效性很差，对多分散系统，在不同的混合比下等效性较稳定但各散射光学量的余差很大，因而对多分散系外混合气溶胶粒子系统如使用等效折射     

Ambiguity of Polystyrene Aerosol Beads Properties Found with Mie Spectra Analysis

Broadband Mie scattering is used to determine the parameters of polystyrene aerosol beads in air,such as size and wavelength dependence of refractive index.This method consists in the selection of such parameters of the scattering object,which reproduce observed spectrum properties.That is why it is very sensitive and hence very precise.We found that there is an ambiguity of polystyrene aerosol beads properties,determined with this method.Different combinations of polystyrene particle size and its refractive index can give the same position of Mie resonances.This ambiguity leads to an increase in the error in determining the size and refractive index of the particle.The refined errors are calculated and the way of their reduction is indicated.     

Critical angle refractometry and sizing of bubble clouds

The principle of the critical angle refractometry and sizing technique is extended to characterize the size distribution and the mean refractive index of clouds of bubbles. For a log-normal bubble-size distribution, simulations show that the mean size, the relative width of the size distribution, and the mean refractive index of the bubbles have a particular and easily identified influence on the critical scattering patterns. Preliminary experimental results on air bubble/water flows clearly demonstrate the potential and robustness of this new technique for bubbly flow characterization.