纳米HZSM-5催化剂催化C8直链烃转化的性能

 制备了粒径为20～50 nm的纳米HZSM-5催化剂,并采用XRF,TEM和NH3-TPD等技术对催化剂进行了表征. 以正辛烷和1-辛烯的芳构化和异构化为探针反应,研究了纳米HZSM-5催化剂的催化性能,并与微米HZSM-5催化剂(4～6 μm)进行比较. 考察了反应条件对纳米HZSM-5催化剂催化生成C7～C9芳烃和C4～C6异构烷烃选择性的影响,并对反应机理进行了初步探讨. 结果表明,纳米HZSM-5沸石具有晶粒小、微孔短、孔口多以及位于孔口和外表面的酸中心数量多、对大分子的烷基芳烃和异构烷烃等的扩散阻力小等特点,减小了积炭对纳米HZSM-5沸石上芳构化、烷基化和异构化反应的影响,比微米HZSM-5沸石具有更好的芳构化、异构化性能和稳定性,烃类可通过芳构化、异构化和烷基化等反应途径转化为高辛烷值的异构烷烃和芳烃. 在p=0.1 MPa,θ=370 ℃和WHSV=2 h-1的条件下,纳米HZSM-5催化剂催化正辛烷和1-辛烯转化的产物中,异构烷烃和芳烃的总产率分别为88%和93%,C4～C6异构烷烃和C7～C9芳烃的选择性分别达到80%和70%以上. 正辛烷和1-辛烯在不同晶粒大小HZSM-5催化剂上的反应遵循正碳离子反应机理.     

纳米HZSM-5催化剂催化烃类转化反应

制备了纳米(20~50 nm)HZSM-5催化剂, 用XRF, TEM和NH3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 以正辛烷及苯和正辛烷混合物的转化为模型反应, 研究了单烃和混合烃在纳米HZSM-5催化剂上的转化行为, 考察了反应条件对产物分布的影响. 结果表明, 纳米HZSM-5沸石催化剂具有很强的烃类转化能力, 烃类通过芳构化、 异构化和烷基化等反应转化为高辛烷值的异构烷烃和芳烃, 产物中异构烷烃(C4~C6)和芳烃的质量分数超过90%. 直链烷烃转化为芳烃以生成苯环为主, 混合烃转化为芳烃以苯和小分子烃的烷基化为主. 控制反应条件可抑制苯和C+9芳烃的生成. 产物分析结果表明, 烃类在纳米HZSM-5催化剂上的裂解、芳构化和异构化等遵循正碳离子机理.     

改性纳米HZSM-5沸石催化剂上C5～C8混合烷烃的芳构化反应

在小型固定床反应器上研究了水蒸气钝化及过渡金属(Ni,Co,Cu,Zn)改性对调变纳米HZSM-5沸石催化剂上C5~C8混合烷烃芳构化反应的作用.采用NH3-TPD和Py-FT-IR方法表征了改性催化剂的表面酸性质,并与其催化芳构化性能进行了关联.结果表明,在450℃下进行水蒸气钝化能显著提高催化剂的芳构化选择性,减少甲烷和乙烷等低碳烷烃的生成;催化剂进一步用锌盐或铜盐溶液浸渍改性,可以显著提高催化剂的抗积炭失活能力.这是由于水蒸气钝化能适当减少沸石表面的酸量,降低酸强度,而铜、锌改性可进一步减少B酸中心,增加L酸中心,并与B酸中心协同作用形成具有脱氢活性的催化中心,从而影响混合烷烃的活化方式与芳构化路径.     

碳四烃在改性HZSM-5分子筛上芳构化研究

研究了炼厂混合C_4烃在Zn、Ga、Cr、La改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂上的芳构化反应,采用TPD和IR测定了催化剂的表面酸性质。结果表明,用Zn(3%)和Zn(2%)Ga(1%)改性的HZSM-5分子筛具有较好的芳构化性能;各改性HZSM-5分子筛催化剂芳构化性能变化与表面酸性有关,总酸量下降,芳构化活性下降,强B酸中心减少,深度裂解反应减少;Zn的单组分和双组分改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂芳构化活性的增高与表面强L酸浓度增加和吡啶吸附IR谱中的1615cm~(-1)吸收峰出现有关。     

水热处理对纳米HZSM－5沸石酸性质及其降低汽油烯烃性能的影响

 采用水蒸气和碱性氨水蒸气在500℃下对纳米HZSM－5沸石催化剂进行了水热处理改性，并用XRD，IR，NH3－TPD和XRF对催化剂进行了表征．以降低FCC汽油（≤70℃馏分）烯烃含量为探针反应，考察了不同水热处理介质对催化剂酸性质和催化性能的影响．结果表明，经不同介质水热处理后，纳米HZSM－5沸石中约10％的Al2O3被脱除，总酸量降低，导致积炭失活的强酸中心明显减少；不同水热处理介质对催化剂的总酸量没有明显影响，而对酸中心类型分布的影响较大．水热处理改性使催化剂活性的稳定性明显改善，初始活性降低．同时，水热处理改性降低了催化剂对芳构化反应的催化活性，提高了对异构化反应的催化活性．采用氨水（0．5mol／L）蒸气处理的纳米HZSM－5催化剂其降烯烃催化活性更为稳定．在给定的反应条件下，FCC汽油的烯烃含量（φ）由65．9％降低到约26％，产物中烯烃、芳烃（主要是C7～C9芳烃）和烷烃含量分别保持在25％，19％和55％左右，辛烷值基本不变．     

HZSM-5/Hβ复合分子筛的正辛烷临氢异构化和芳构化性能

将不同孔尺寸、酸强度的HZSM 5和Hβ分子筛混合制得复合载体,担载金属组分Ni、Mg、Mo、Zn制得烷烃异构化和芳构化催化剂M/C。采用XRD、BET、程序升温氨脱附（NH3 TPD）及吡啶吸附 脱附红外光谱法对制备的载体及催化剂进行了理化性质表征。以正辛烷为正构烷烃模型化合物,在连续加氢微型反应装置上评价了催化剂对正构烷烃异构化和芳构化反应的催化性能。结果表明,与单一分子筛相比,复合后载体的表面酸中心分布得到了调节,中强酸中心的增加有利于烷烃异构化和芳构化反应。复合分子筛催化剂引入不同金属组分进行改性后体现出不同的催化性能,其中Ni的引入既提供了加脱氢活性中心,又获得了适宜的B、L酸中心分布,使反应转化率和选择性显著提高。反应条件对催化剂的异构化和芳构化性能也有不同程度的影响,在320℃、2.8MPa、2.0h－1下,正辛烷的临氢异构化和芳构化选择性较好。     

Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷无氧芳构化反应——HZSM-5分子筛脱铝的影响

采用两种不同的脱铝方法对HZSM-5分子筛进行了预处理,并利用MAS NMR和吸附吡啶的FT-IR对分子筛的结构和酸性质进行了表征,考察了分子筛的脱铝程度对Mo基催化剂上甲烷芳构化反应性能的影响.结果表明,HZSM-5分子筛的酸性过强或B酸量不足,均会导致催化剂严重积炭,但积炭成因不同.母体HZSM-5分子筛上的强B酸中心的存在可促使催化剂上反应中间物种深度脱氢,造成催化剂在反应过程中严重积炭.经水热处理的HZSM-5分子筛,骨架铝脱出严重,造成B酸活性中心不足以及部分微孔阻塞,不利于C2中间物种芳构化,导致芳烃选择性显著降低.经高温N2处理的HZSM-5分子筛,骨架铝脱出相对缓和,在消除母体分子筛上强B酸中心的同时,保留了较多的弱B酸中心,既可满足C2中间物种芳构化反应的需要,又可有效抑制催化剂积炭,导致甲烷芳构化反应性能显著改善.     

分子筛的酸处理对Mo/HZSM-5催化甲烷无氧芳构化反应性能的影响

 采用HNO3溶液对HZSM-5分子筛进行预处理,并以处理后的分子筛为载体制备了Mo/HZSM-5 催化剂. 结果表明,改性的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂在甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应中表现出很好的稳定性,显著地抑制了积炭物种在催化剂表面的形成. SEM,XRD和1H MAS NMR等表征结果表明,酸处理在一定程度上降低了HZSM-5分子筛的结晶度,使部分Al物种脱离骨架结构,迁移到骨架外形成新的表面Al羟基,从而使HZSM-5分子筛上B酸中心的数目明显减少. 未经改性的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂表面,平均每个晶胞中有1.12个B酸位,而改性的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂表面,平均每个晶胞中仅有0.88个B酸位. 这表明过多的酸性位存留在催化剂上会引起积炭的生成,降低催化剂的稳定性.     

多级孔HZSM-5分子筛催化剂的制备及低碳烃芳构化应用

采用0.2 mol/L的NaOH溶液对HZSM-5分子筛进行了不同时间的碱改性处理, 并对分子筛的结构和酸性进行表征, 考察了碱改性对HZSM-5催化剂的低碳烃芳构化活性的影响. 结果表明, HZSM-5分子筛经碱改性后会产生少量介孔, 且随改性时间延长, 介孔数量增加, 平均孔径增大, 总酸量降低, B酸/L酸比值降低. 120 min碱改性HZSM-5催化剂的活性、 稳定性以及目标产物苯、 甲苯、 乙苯和二甲苯(统称BTEX)的选择性最高.     

超细HZSM-5沸石催化烃类芳构化反应的研究

非临氢条件下用固定床反应器研究了环己烷、辛烯-1及正辛烷在超细HZSM-5上的芳构化反应，并与微米HZSM-5作了比较。结果表明，在三种反应物中，辛烯-1反应活性最高，正辛烷次之。环己烷最低，不同反应物在两种晶粒度的HZSM-5上生成的芳烃分布大致相同，超细HZSM-5对原料的转化率、芳构化率以及自身的活性稳定性均明显高于微米沸石，在相同反应条件下超细沸石的积炭量低于微米沸石。     

甲醇芳构化中催化剂酸性对脱烷基、烷基化和异构化反应的影响

在Zn/P/ZSM-5催化剂上研究了甲醇、二甲苯、甲苯和甲醇等不同进料下芳烃产品分布随反应积碳的变化, 发现催化剂积碳对芳构化反应、脱烷基反应和烷基化反应的影响不同. 在不同硅铝摩尔比(Si/Al 比)和Zn负载量的Zn/P/ZSM-5 催化剂上进行甲醇转化, 考察催化剂酸性位点强度、密度和类型与芳烃收率和产品分布之间的关系, 发现当强酸位点酸密度下降时, 脱烷基反应最先被抑制, 其次是芳构化反应和异构化反应, 而烷基化反应却不受影响. 在Si/Al 比为14, 3% (w) Zn 负载量的Zn/P/ZSM-5 催化剂上可得到75%左右的芳烃收率, 二甲苯收率在35%左右, 具有重要的工业应用前景.     

Propane Aromatization over Mo／HZSM—5 Catalysts

Impregnation,mechanical mixing and hydrothermal treatment methods were used to introduce molybdenum species into the HZSM-5 zeolite ,the structure and surface acidity of the catalysts were studied by means of XRD,FT-IR ,NH3-TPD,TPR and XPS,The effects of Mo content and reaction time on stream on the aromatization of propane were investigated,It was found that the performance of the Mo/HZSM-5 catalst prepared by the hydrothermal treatment method was much better than that of the other two catalysts,For example ,under the reaction conditions of 823 K and 600h^-1, propance conversion and aromatics selectivity over the catalyst prepared by hydrothermal pretreatment could reach 89.17% and 78.56%,respectively,XRD and XPS results showed that the Mo species in the catalysts prepared by hydrothermal treatment were highly dispersed on the surface of the HZSM-5,and lartger amounts of them could penetrate into the HZSM-5 channel ,as compared with the other two kinds of catalysts,These factors may be responsibled for their high activities for propane aromatization,IR and NH3-TPD studies indicated that the number of Broensted acid centers decreased and the Lewis acid centers increased after Mo was introduced into the HZSM-5 zeolite.     

Propane Aromatization over Mo/HZSM-5 Catalysts

Impregnation, mechanical mixing and hydrothermal treatment methods were used to introduce molybdenum species into the HZSM-5 zeolite. The structure and surface acidity of the catalysts were studied by means of XRD, FT-IR, NH3-TPD, TPR and XPS. The effects of Mo content and reaction time on stream on the aromatization of propane were investigated. It was found that the performance of the Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst prepared by the hydrothermal treatment method was much better than that of the other two catalysts. For example, under the reaction conditions of 823 K and 600 h-1, propane conversion and aromatics selectivity over the catalyst prepared by hydrothermal pretreatment could reach 89.17% and 78.56%, respectively. XRD and XPS results showed that the Mo species in the catalysts prepared by hydrothermal treatment were highly dispersed on the surface of the HZSM-5, and larger amounts of them could penetrate into the HZSM-5 channel, as compared with the other two kinds of catalysts. These factors may be responsi     

Au/HZSM-5沸石催化剂的正丁烷异构化反应性能的研究

采用脉冲微反装置评价了纯正丁烷、含有不同比例异丁烷的混合丁烷在Au改性的纳米HZSM-5催化剂上的反应活性和异构化选择性。结果表明,在300℃时,载金量为1.31%的催化剂上纯正丁烷原料的转化率可达7.0%,异丁烷选择性可达80%以上。相比之下,在纳米HZSM-5载体上正丁烷的转化率只有0.55%,异丁烷选择性仅为11.67%。在Au负载量为0.12%~1.91%,随着Au负载量的增加,正丁烷转化率先增后减,异丁烷选择性在低负载量时增加明显。在反应温度低于400℃时,纯正丁烷在载金催化剂上主要发生异构化反应;高于400℃时,主要发生裂解和芳构化等反应,即400℃是正丁烷在脉冲微反条件下异构化和裂解等反应的分水岭。另外,混合丁烷的组成对正丁烷异构化反应有一定影响,但在适当温度下正丁烷异构化时裂解产物很少,表现出金属-酸双功能催化特征。Au⁺在反应中发挥了脱氢和加氢作用。     

Effect of Fe-Mo promoters on HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for 1-hexene aromatization

The promotional effect of Fe-Mo species introduced into HZSM-5 (Zeolyst Int., SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ≈ 30) zeolite catalyst by the wetness impregnation method for the 1-hexene aromatization was investigated. The structure and catalytic performance for the aromatization of 1-hexene over xFeyMo-ZSM-5 catalysts in comparison with unmodified HZSM-5 catalysts were studied. The xFeyMo-ZSM-5 catalysts contain fixed loading (5 wt%) and variable Fe/Mo ratio. The catalysts were characterized by BET, ICP-AES, HRSEM-EDS, HRTEM, XRD, FTIR, H₂-TPR, NH₃-TPD, and pyridine DRIFT spectroscopy. The characterization data confirmed the existence of Fe and Mo species in the zeolite matrix. With Fe and Mo species implementation to HZSM-5 zeolite, the amount of the acid sites decreased, but the selectivities to C₉₊ aromatics increased. The catalyst evaluation was performed at 350 °C for 6 h on-stream at atmospheric pressure using a fixed-bed quartz tube reactor. The selectivity to products of different carbon number was affected by the Fe/Mo ratio within the zeolite. It was found the product distribution of grouped fractions of C₁–C₁₇₊ from the liquid product. The results indicate that the optimum ratio of Fe/Mo is 1–1.5. The highest selectivity for gasoline and distillate ranges was obtained for the 2.5wt%Fe2.5wt%Mo- and 3wt%Fe2wt%Mo-ZSM-5 samples, which was higher than that for parent HZSM-5 catalyst.     

Mo/HZSM-5丙烷芳构化催化性能及其吸附量热的研究

采用等量浸渍法制得一系列不同担载量的Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂,运用ＸＲＤ和ＦＴＩＲ方法考察了Ｍｏ物种在催化剂表面的分散状态,首次采用微分吸一热技术对Ｍｏ／ＨｚＳＭ－５催化剂的表面酸性进行表征。同时研究了催化剂对丙烷芳构化的反应活性。结果表明：对于担载Ｍｏ的ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂,Ｍｏ物种在ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛表面上顺序为ＨＺＳＭ－５〉１％Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５〉２％Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛本身表面的酸     

Effect of Phosphoric Acid on HZSM-5 Catalysts for Prins Condensation to Isoprene from Isobutylene and Formaldehyde

A series of HZSM-5 zeolites modified with different amounts of phosphoric acid(P/HZSM-5) was prepared. The physicochemical features of the P/HZSM-5 catalysts were characterized via X-ray diffraction(XRD), N₂ adsorption-desorption, NH₃-temperature programmed desorption(NH₃-TPD) and Fourier tranform infrared(FTIR) spectra of the adsorbed pyridine, and the performances of the catalysts for Prins condensation to isoprene from isobutylene and formaldehyde were investigated. The maximum isobutene conversion and isoprene selectivity were 10.3% and 94.6% on the HZSM-5 catalyst with a Si/Al molar ratio of 600 using 5%(mass fraction) phosphoric acid. The phosphoric acid modification not only modulated the amount of acidic sites but also regulated the acid type. An appropriate amount of weak Lewis and Brönsted acid sites served as the active sites for the condensation of isobutene with formaldehyde, and the strong acid sites could cause side reactions and coke deposition.     

A study of acidity and coke deposits on NiHZSM-5 catalyst in aromatization

The acidity and coke deposits of HZSM-5 and NiHZSM-5 catalysts were studied in the aromatization using NH₃-TPD, IR and TPD techniques. The results showed that both strong acid and B acid sites decreased quickly at the initial stage of reaction for the two catalysts. The coking and reaction rates also dropped quickly at this stage. Yet it was discovered, that adding Ni into HZSM-5 led to weakening B acid sites and strengthening L acid ones. At the same time, the results revealed that metallic Ni decreases the coking rates and slows down the activity decline rates.     

Mo/HZSM-5催化剂载体对甲烷无氧芳构化反应的影响

着重研究了挤条成型的纳米Mo/HZSM-5催化剂在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中的催化性能.结果表明,Al2O3载体的加入减少了催化剂的B酸量,对甲烷无氧芳构化反应不利,导致甲烷转化率降低,并且催化剂积碳严重.通过适量添加SiO2载体,减少Al2O3载体的量,可以使催化剂的B酸量提高,从而可提高甲烷转化率,并且可降低催化剂的积碳量.