Emission of a spatially modulated resonant medium excited with superluminal velocity

Specific characteristics of the radiation of a resonant medium excited by an ultrashort light pulse propagating through the medium with a superluminal velocity are considered. The medium is assumed to consist of identical linear harmonic oscillators with a spatial density periodically modulated along the direction of propagation of the superluminal excitation. The field of radiation of the resonant medium under these conditions is calculated. It is shown that, under the superluminal excitation, the radiation spectrum of the medium shows, along with the fundamental frequency of the oscillators, new frequencies that depend on the spatial frequency of the distribution of oscillators and on the angle of observation. Possible application of the effect is discussed.     

Thermal conductivity of a composite medium with a disperse graphene filler

The possibility of decreasing the effective heat-transfer coefficient of insulating materials due to the introduction of small amounts of graphene-like clusters is considered. It is shown that the effect of screening thermal radiation by introduced clusters at their low concentration significantly exceeds the effect of increasing the thermal conductivity     

Bound states and scattering resonances induced by spatially modulated interactions

We study the two-body problem with a spatially modulated interaction potential using a two-channel model, in which the interchannel coupling is provided by an optical standing wave and its strength modulates periodically in space. As the modulation amplitudes increase, there will appear a sequence of bound states. Part of them will cause a divergence of the effective scattering length, defined through the phase shift in the asymptotic behavior of scattering states. We also discuss how the local scattering length, defined through short-range behavior of scattering states, modulates spatially in different regimes. These results provide a theoretical guideline for a new control technique in the cold atom toolbox, in particular, for alkaline-earth(-like) atoms where the inelastic loss is small.     

Light scattering by a sphere with variable optical properties of the intermediate layer

A two-parameter model of a scattering spherical particle with a layer of a variable thickness (the first parameter), inside which the refractive index is specified by an arbitrary continuous function (the second parameter), is proposed. An algorithm for calculating the extinction and backscattering efficiency factors with the help of a developed piecewise-hyperbolic approximation of the scattering coefficients is presented. A correct choice of the parameters allowed us to obtain good agreement between the experimental and calculated data on the extinction and backscattering efficiency for typical polydisperse systems of particles of irregular shape.     

Effect of the Coulomb scattering on graphene conductivity

The effect of the Coulomb scattering on graphene conductivity in field-effect transistor structures is discussed. Interparticle scattering (electron-electron, hole-hole, and electron-hole) and scattering on charged defects are taken into account in a wide range of gate voltages. It is shown that an intrinsic conductivity of graphene (purely ambipolar system, where both electron and hole densities exactly coincide) is defined by a strong electron-hole scattering. It has a universal value independent of the temperature. We give an explicit derivation based on the scaling theory. When there is even a small discrepancy in the electron and hole densities caused by the applied gate voltage, the conductivity is determined by both a strong electron-hole scattering and a weak external scattering: on the defects or phonons. We suggest that the density of the charged defects (occupancy of defects) depends on the Fermi energy to explain the sublinear dependence of conductivity on a fairly high gate voltage observed in the experiments. We also eliminate the contradictions between the experimental data obtained in the deposited and suspended graphene structures regarding the graphene conductivity. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Light scattering from a waveguide structure with a sinusoidally corrugated boundary modulated by a weak roughness

Results are reported of the analysis of light scattering from a waveguide structure with a periodically and randomly distorted boundary. The method is based on the assumption of single scattering. The field inside the waveguide is analyzed within the framework of the geometrical optics approach. Results of a computer simulation are presented.     

Transport of light radiation in a spatially finite three-dimensional scattering medium

We propose a new method for solving radiation transport problems, which permits including in analytic form for the case of normal incidence the effect of spatial finiteness of the scattering medium. The formation of the light field accompanying changes in the optical parameters and optical dimensions of the medium is analyzed.this paper, we examine the simplest case of a geometry of a scattering medium in the form of a parallelipiped with optical length _x, height _y, and width _z. The analysis is performed for the case =1, _y = _z with the latter varying in the range 0.1 to . The results obtained show that the light field depends strongly on the optical dimensions of the medium. The limiting values of the optical dimensions (_y = _z), beginning with which the spatial finiteness of the medium can be neglected, are determined.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavednii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 82–85, August, 1982.     

Absorption spectra of unequal width bilayer graphene nanoribbons in a spatially modulated electric field

The optical absorption spectra of unequal width bilayer graphene nanoribbons can be effectively tuned by a spatially modulated electric field. The absorption spectra exhibit many prominent peaks’ structure owing to the one-dimensional subbands. The number, spectral intensity, and frequency of the absorption peaks depend sensitively on the magnitude, period and phase of the modulated electric potential. The relative displacement between the top and bottom nanoribbons also has strong influence on the spectra. For unequal width bilayer graphene nanoribbons without the interlayer hoppings, there exists an optical selection rule originating from the spatial symmetry of the electron wave functions. Most importantly, such a selection rule can be disrupted by the presence of the interlayer atomic interactions or a spatially modulated electric field. These theoretical predictions can be validated by absorption spectroscopy experiments.     

Light scattering from a magnetically tunable dense random medium with dissipation: ferrofluid

We present a semi-phenomenological treatment of light transmission through and its reflection from a ferrofluid which we regard as a magnetically tunable system of dense random dielectric scatterers with dissipation. Partial spatial ordering is introduced by the application of a transverse magnetic field that superimposes a periodic modulation on the dielectric randomness. This causes Bragg scattering that effectively enhances the scattering due to the disorder alone, and thus reduces the elastic mean free path towards Anderson localization. A theoretical treatment, based on invariant imbedding, gives a simultaneous decrease of the transmission and the reflection without change of incident linear polarisation as the spatial order is tuned magnetically to the Bragg condition, namely the light wave vector being equal to half the Bragg vector (Q). Our experimental observations are in qualitative agreement with these results. We have also given expressions for the transit (sojourn) time of the light, and for the light energy stored in the random medium under a steady illumination. The ferrofluid thus provides an interesting physical realization of effectively a “Lossy Anderson-Bragg” (LAB) cavity with which to study the effect of interplay of the spatial disorder, partial order and the dissipation on light transport. Given current interests in the light propagation, optical limiting and the storage of light in ferrofluids, the present work seems topical.     

Light scattering properties of a rough-ended optical fibre

Uniform wide-angle irradiation of a laser beam is achieved by roughening chemically the output end of an optical fibre. The angular distribution of the scattered light is analysed experimentally as a function of the incident angle of the laser beam into the input end of the fibre and the length of the rough core surface at its output end.     

High-resolution optical correlation imaging in a scattering medium

An optical correlation setup is used to image transparent objects through scattering media, and 10-mum longitudinal and 2.5-mum transverse resolution are achieved. Spectral-bandwidth sampling of the light source is made possible by a tunable dye laser and leads to signal enhancement as a result of sampling interferogram filtering. An optical system allows observation of sample slices without the need for a translation stage.     

Measurement of scattering rate and minimum conductivity in graphene

The conductivity of graphene samples with various levels of disorder is investigated for a set of specimens with mobility in the range of 1-20x10(3) cm2/V sec. Comparing the experimental data with the theoretical transport calculations based on charged impurity scattering, we estimate that the impurity concentration in the samples varies from 2-15x10(11) cm(-2). In the low carrier density limit, the conductivity exhibits values in the range of 2-12e2/h, which can be related to the residual density induced by the inhomogeneous charge distribution in the samples. The shape of the conductivity curves indicates that high mobility samples contain some short-range disorder whereas low mobility samples are dominated by long-range scatterers.