一种新型无色散慢光光子晶体薄板波导

利用椭圆形孔替代传统光子晶体薄板波导中邻接波导的最内层两排圆孔构成一种新型低损耗光子晶体薄板光波导.该波导的群速度和群速度色散特性强烈依赖于波导中这两排邻接波导的椭圆孔的特性.借助波导导模展开方法,计算得到波导的能带结构和群指数,并分析了它们与椭圆孔的参数关系.通过优化这些椭圆孔的参数,可以增加光子晶体光波导导模在光锥以下的无固有传输损耗带宽,在2—45 nm 的带宽上实现无色散的常数群速度.这些理论结果将为低损耗低色散慢光波导的设计制造提供理论基础. 关键词： 光子晶体薄板波导 群速度 群指数 群速度色散     

一种新型无色散慢光光子晶体薄板波导

利用椭圆形孔替代传统光子晶体薄板波导中邻接波导的最内层两排圆孔构成一种新型低损耗光子晶体薄板光波导.该波导的群速度和群速度色散特性强烈依赖于波导中这两排邻接波导的椭圆孔的特性.借助波导导模展开方法,计算得到波导的能带结构和群指数,并分析了它们与椭圆孔的参数关系.通过优化这些椭圆孔的参数,可以增加光子晶体光波导导模在光锥以下的无固有传输损耗带宽,在2—45 nm 的带宽上实现无色散的常数群速度.这些理论结果将为低损耗低色散慢光波导的设计制造提供理论基础.     

慢光在光子晶体弯折波导中的高透射传播

研究了慢光模式在SOI(silicon-on-insulator)材料光子晶体线缺陷弯折波导中的传输特性. 通过优化波导弯折处的结构参数,慢光模式在光子晶体60°与120°弯折波导中的透射率提高10倍以上,归一化透射率分别达到80%和60%以上. 为了进一步减慢光速,设计了新颖的高Q值耦合腔弯折波导结构,在归一化透射率达到75%的基础上,光波群速度低至c/170(c为真空光速). 研究结果对于增强光子晶体的慢光效应,提高光子晶体慢光器件的微型化和集成化都有一定的积 关键词： 光子晶体 慢光 弯折波导 透射率     

Wideband and low dispersion slow light in slotted photonic crystal waveguide

We present a procedure to generate wideband and low dispersion slow light in slotted photonic crystal waveguide. By shifting the first and second rows of air holes of slotted photonic crystal waveguide, the bandwidth of slow light can be increased, with small group velocity dispersion. Using 2D plane wave expansion method, we numerically demonstrate slow light with the nearly constant group indices of 23, 42, and 54 over 17.6 nm, 6.7 nm and 3.3 nm bandwidth, respectively. The maximal normalized delay-bandwidth product is 0.26. From the fabrication's point of review, shifting the position of holes is easier to be controlled technically than changing the diameters of air holes. In addition, our simulations suggest this design is tolerant to deviation for positions of the first two rows of air holes. Therefore, the proposed approach decreases the dependence on the fabrication accuracy.     

Low group velocity in a photonic crystal coupled-cavity waveguide

A two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled-cavity waveguide is designed and optimized, the transmission spectrum is calculated by using the finite-difference time-domain method, and the group velocity of c/1856 is obtained. To our knowledge, this value of group velocity is the lowest group velocity in a photonic crystal waveguide calculated from its transmission spectrum so far. The result is confirmed by the photonic band structure calculated by using the plane wave expansion method, and it is found that the photonic crystal waveguide modes in a photonic band structure are in accordance with those in the transmission spectrum by using the finite-difference time-domain method. The mechanism of slow light in the coupled-cavity waveguide of photonic crystal is analysed.     

非截面二维光子晶体排列矩形波导的全模式分析

在对周期性结构进行谐波分析的基础上，导出了非截面二维光子晶体排列矩形波导的本征值方程. 基于此方程，可以对该类光子晶体波导的所有可能模式进行分析. 分析认为，非截面二维光子晶体排列矩形波导内能存在的模式包括E_(y)，TE_y，H_(y)和TM_y模式；改变波导高度，可以实现E_(y)模式和H_(y)模式与其他模式通带的完全分离. 然而改变任一结构参数，都不能使E_(y)和H_(y)的各个模式通带，以及E_(y)1模式和H_(y)1模式的通带完全隔离. 波导单模工作的带宽由E_(y)1和E_(y)2模式的低端截止频率决定. 关键词： 波导 光子晶体 本征值方程 模式     

光子晶体光纤的导波模式与色散特性

利用有效折射率方法基于标量近似理论对光子晶体光纤的传播模式和色散特性进行了数值模 拟，发现通过调节光纤包层的空气填充率或包层空气穴节距及其有效芯径可以在很宽的波长 范围实现单模传播，可以设计零色散波长小于1.27μm的光子晶体光纤和在较宽的波段接近 于零色散的色散平坦光纤，以及具有较大的正常色散值的色散补偿光纤. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 有效折射率 标量近似 导波模式     

Simplified design of low-loss and flat dispersion photonic crystal waveguide on SOI

A low-loss and flat dispersion line-defect photonic crystal waveguide is proposed with a simplified waveguide-design on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based on hexagonal lattice of 2D photonic crystals. A propagation loss of 3.6 dB/mm and flat dispersion over a large wavelength band is reported with an easy-to-implement design without disturbing the periodicity (keeping lattice constant and hole diameter fixed) in the line-defect photonic crystals. The combined effect of photonic crystals (in-plane periodicity) and the vertical layers on SOI results in efficient waveguiding and dispersion characteristics.     

利用耦合波导列提高光子晶体波导辐射

将耦合波导列应用于光子晶体单模波导,提出一种提高光辐射的光子晶体结构. 基于时域有限差分方法的理论研究表明,当将耦合波导列附加到单模光子晶体波导出口端的适当位置,使出射光分成若干强弱不一的光束,这些光束在传播空间通过干涉形成一定程度的汇聚,大大提高了光子晶体波导在水平方向的光辐射效率. 另外,当耦合波导列的行数大于某固定值(2N=8)时,辐射质量基本保持不变,由此可获得最紧凑的器件结构. 这种类型光子晶体在近场光学和集成光学等诸多方面有潜在的应用价值. 关键词： 光子晶体波导 光辐射 波导列 耦合波导     

A photonic crystal waveguide with silicon on insulator in the near-infrared band

A two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal waveguide in the \Gamma--K direction with triangular lattice on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate in the near-infrared band is fabricated by the combination of electron beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma etching. Its transmission characteristics are analysed from the stimulated band diagram by the effective index and the 2D plane wave expansion (PWE) methods. In the experiment, the transmission band edge in a longer wavelength of the photonic crystal waveguide is about 1590\,nm, which is in good qualitative agreement with the simulated value. However, there is a disagreement between the experimental and the simulated results when the wavelength ranges from 1607 to 1630\,nm, which can be considered as due to the unpolarized source used in the transmission measurement.     

Liquid refractive index sensor based on slow light in slotted photonic crystal waveguide

A high sensitive and compact refractive index sensor based on slotted photonic crystal waveguide (S-PhCW) is demonstrated. This design is worked on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) configuration with S-PhCW as the measuring arm, which can be used to detect any changes in refractive index that correspond to different concentration of the measuring liquid. Combining the slow light enhancement in photonic crystal waveguide (PhCW) with the advantage of excellent optical confinement in slot waveguide, the sensitivity of this simple scheme can reach to 2.3 × 10⁹ nm/RIU with the active region of only 1 mm long.     

低损耗宽带近零色散高非线性光子晶体光纤设计

提出了一种兼具低损耗、宽带近零色散和高非线性的光子晶体光纤结构,该结构光纤包层空气孔直径从纤芯向外层方向渐进增加;应用多极法,通过改变包层空气孔间距Λ、各层空气孔直径和空气孔层数N_r,对光子晶体光纤色散、损耗和非线性特性进行分析,获得了各特性随包层结构参数变化的规律,并最终设计出最佳结构参数。计算结果表明,该结构光纤存在3个零色散点,在1.25～1.55 μm较宽的波长范围内,色散值波动小于0.27 ps·nm⁻¹·km⁻¹,色散斜率小于0.008 ps·km⁻¹·nm⁻²,1.55 μm波长处损耗为0.021 dB/km,在常用的飞秒激光泵浦波长0.8,1.06,1.55 μm处非线性系数分别达到78.6,60.4,38.2 W⁻¹·km⁻¹。     

一种晶体光纤基模色散特性的矢量法分析

利用矢量有效折射率方法(矢量法)对光子晶体光纤基模的色散特性进行了数值模拟，并与双正交归一基矢量法以及标量有效折射率方法(标量法)的模拟结果进行了对比.发现所用矢量法的结果与双正交归一基矢量法的结果符合很好，而标量法在低空气填充率f或较高归一化波数A/λ时是一种较好的近似，在空气填充率f较高或归一化波数A/λ较低时，要得到精确的结果必须利用矢量法对光子晶体光纤的特性进行模拟.讨论了光子晶体光纤包层有效折射率与光纤结构的关系. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 矢量法 有效折射率 色散     

基于环形微腔的多频段三角晶格光子晶体耦合腔波导光学传输特性

本文理论研究了近红外波段硅基三角晶格光子晶体环形微腔的光场局域特性,通过将微腔在空间周期性排列组成耦合腔光波导,研究了多个导带区域内光束传输时的群速度,最大和最小值分别为0.0028c和0.00028c.将环形微腔在垂直于光传输方向上进行交错排列,通过改变相邻微腔之间的耦合区域,可以大幅降低多频段范围内光束在耦合腔波导中传输时群速度之间的差异,并提高部分频段的透过率数值.在不改变介质柱半径条件下,通过去掉三角晶格光子晶体中距中心介质柱距离分别为2a和√3a的六个介质柱构成了两种微腔,研究了两种微腔所支持的谐振波长之间的差异,在此基础上构造了两种耦合腔波导,进而将这两种耦合腔光波导与W1型输入/输出波导相连,最终实现了在多个不同频率范围内降低群速度的同时实现频段选择和频段分束功能,其导模群速度可降低到0.00047c.     

宽带色散补偿光子晶体光纤的设计与优化

提出了一种新型的宽带色散补偿光子晶体光纤。通过增大光子晶体光纤(PCF)包层第一环空气孔半径r1,同时优化孔间距和包层其它环空气孔,在1550nm波长处获得了低至-1906.4ps/nm/km的负色散值。针对常规单模光纤的色散特性,设计出了宽带色散补偿光子晶体光纤,可补偿23倍长度的常规光纤,补偿的带宽达330nm,这在WDM系统中对多个信道同时进行色散补偿具有非常重要的意义。     

A photonic crystal side-coupled waveguide based on a high-quality-factor resonator array

Based on the present coupled mode theory of the photonic crystal resonator array in this paper,we propose a novel side-coupled waveguide to achieve highly efficient coupling of photonic crystal devices.It is found that the coupling efficiency is sensitive to the interval,the total number and the quality factor of the resonator.Considering the coupling efficiency and the coupling region,we select five resonators with an interval of six lattice periods.By optimizing the structure parameters of the waveguide and resonator,the quality factors of the resonator can be modulated and the coupling efficiency of the side-coupled waveguide reaches 95.47% in theory.Compared with other coupling methods,the side-coupled waveguide can realize efficient coupling with a compact structure,a high level of integration and a low degree of operational difficulties.     

A photonic crystal side-coupled waveguide based on a high-quality-factor resonator array

Based on the present coupled mode theory of the photonic crystal resonator array in this paper, we propose a novel side-coupled waveguide to achieve highly efficient coupling of photonic crystal devices. It is found that the coupling efficiency is sensitive to the interval, the total number and the quality factor of the resonator. Considering the coupling efficiency and the coupling region, we select five resonators with an interval of six lattice periods. By optimizing the structure parameters of the waveguide and resonator, the quality factors of the resonator can be modulated and the coupling efficiency of the side-coupled waveguide reaches 95.47% in theory. Compared with other coupling methods, the side-coupled waveguide can realize efficient coupling with a compact structure, a high level of integration and a low degree of operational difficulties.     

Slow light engineering in polyatomic photonic crystal waveguides based on square lattice

In this paper, the slow light properties of the polyatomic Photonic Crystal (PhC) which has multiple different air holes in each primitive cell are investigated. A slow light waveguide with “U-type” group index-frequency curve, which results in nearly constant group index over large bandwidth, is achieved using this new photonic crystal geometry based on the square lattice. Also, the radius and position of the innermost rows of small air holes have been modified to investigate the feasibility of controlling the dispersion relation by subtle structural modification. Numerical results demonstrate that decreasing the group velocity effectively and meanwhile maintaining a large Normalized Delay-Bandwidth Product (NDBP) can be achieved by only modifying the radius of the innermost rows of small air holes. Shifting the innermost rows of small air holes toward the waveguide core is highly beneficial to enlarge the slow light bandwidth, but it contributes nothing to the promotion of NDBP. Our results provide important theoretical basis for the potential application offered by the polyatomic photonic crystal in future optical networks.     

Flattened chromatic dispersion in square photonic crystal fibers with low confinement losses

This research presents a simple index-guiding square photonic crystal fibers (SPCFs) that has a silica core surrounded by air hole with two different diameters. It is demonstrated that the designed two-different-size hole-arrayed index-guiding SPCFs has a ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion of 0 ± 0.9 ps/(nm·km) in a wavelength range of 1.34 to 1.61 μm and low confinement loss of less than 10⁻⁷ dB/m in a wavelength range of 1.2 to 1.7 μm. It has also been shown that the proposed SPCFs show reasonable dispersion tolerance.     

中红外色散平坦硫系光子晶体光纤设计及性能研究

本文以自制Ge20Sb15Se65硫系玻璃为基质材料,设计一种正八边形结构色散平坦型中红外硫系光子晶体光纤,并采用多极法对其中红外色散和传输特性进行数值研究.结果表明:控制该光纤占空比(d/Λ)在0.323—0.367之间,其色散及传输特性在3—5μm范围内可调.当孔间距Λ=3.4μm,孔直径d=1.1μm时,光纤在4.1—4.9μm波段的色散值在0.8—0.8 ps·nm 1·km 1波动,且具备单模低损耗传输(Loss0.049dB/m),小模场面积(Aeff8.46μm2)特性,适合于中红外非线性应用领域.