轻中度铅中毒儿童的干预治疗

为探讨轻中度铅中毒儿童的干预治疗的方法 ,将 96例血铅水平 10 0～ 4 0 0 μg/L的铅中毒儿童随机分成三组 :对照组为健康教育组 ;治疗A组为服钙组 ;治疗B组为混合组 :服食钙剂的同时 ,配合进行有关的健康教育。分别干预三个月后复查血铅水平。结果表明 ,三组儿童干预前后的血铅水平分别为 :对照组 (n =30 ) 2 0 6 0± 6 6 0 μg/L ,134 2± 4 2 9μg/L ,下降了 35% ;治疗A组(n =34) 2 0 8 5± 6 0 3μg/L ,12 4 0± 4 0 7μg/L ,下降了 4 1% ;治疗B组 (n =32 ) 2 2 5 9± 70 4 μg/L ,10 8 4± 33 8μg/L ,下降了 52 %。干预前各组间血铅水平没有差异 (P >0 0 5) ,而干预后对照组与治疗A组、对照组与治疗B组间比较 ,t分别为 0 970 (P >0 0 5)、2 6 36 (P <0 0 1) ,对照组与治疗B组之间有显著差异。提示健康教育及口服钙剂皆能明显降低轻中度铅中毒儿童的血铅水平 ,而两者同时配合进行 ,效果更加显著。     

静脉滴注加雾化吸入沐舒坦治疗新生儿肺炎的效果观察

目的观察静脉滴注加雾化吸入沐舒坦治疗新生儿肺炎的临床应用效果。方法随机抽选于深圳市第二人民医院接受治疗的84例肺炎患儿,将其平均分成观察组与对照组(每组42例),分别给予两组患儿静脉滴注加雾化吸入沐舒坦与静脉滴注沐舒坦的方案进行治疗。结果观察组的血气指标改善程度大于对照组;观察组的各项临床症状消退时间与住院时间明显短于对照组的对应值;观察组的治疗总有效率为97.62%,明显高于对照组的85.71%,组间数据差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论给予新生儿肺炎幼儿实施静脉滴注加雾化吸入沐舒坦治疗方案,不仅能明显改善患儿的血气指标,缩短其症状消退时间与住院时间,也能显著提高患儿的治疗效果,降低不良反应的发生概率。     

早期护理干预在新生儿黄疸治疗效果的影响

目的探讨早期护理干预对新生儿黄疸治疗效果的影响。方法对照组患儿采取常规护理,实验组患儿采取早期护理干预。观察患儿胎便初排时间和胎便转黄时间;观察患儿干预前后血清胆红素、体质量变化情况。结果实验组患儿胎便初排时间和胎便转黄时间均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组患儿干预后血清胆红素、体质量均优于干预前和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),对照组患儿干预后血清胆红素优于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论早期护理干预对新生儿黄疸治疗效果有积极的影响,能够缩短患儿胎便初排时间和胎便转黄时间,改善患儿血清胆红素、体质量水平。     

硒锌氨基酸治疗儿童锌缺乏症疗效分析

为观察硒锌氨基酸治疗儿童锌缺乏的疗效,将98例锌缺乏儿童随机分为硒锌氨基酸治疗组及对照组,测定治疗前后血锌增加值,并比较治疗效果。结果表明,治疗组血锌平均增加值为(16.37±4.89)μmol/L,对照组为(12.39±5.01)μmol/L,P<0.01,差异有高度显著性;治疗组50例中,显效36例,有效10例,无效4例,对照组48例中显效24例,有效12例,无效12例,χ2=4.12,P<0.05,差异有显著性。可见硒锌氨基酸治疗儿童锌缺乏症取得显著疗效。     

探讨鼻塞式持续正压通气对小儿重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭的治疗效果

目的探讨鼻塞式持续正压通气(NCPAP)对小儿重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭的治疗效果。方法将2012年11月到2015年10月来华中科技大学同济医学院附属孝感医院接受治疗的小儿重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭患者82例,按照试验治疗方式的不同,将82例患儿随机分为试验组和对照组两组,每组41例。两组患儿在采用吸痰、平喘、抗生素等治疗的基础上,对照组采用面罩供氧方式,试验组采用鼻塞式持续正压通气供氧的治疗方式。比较两组患儿治疗总有效率、血气分析指标:血氧分压(Pa O2)、二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)转变情况、两组患儿治疗前后主要临床症状缓解情况。结果 1试验组患儿的心率恢复正常时间、发绀消失时间、呼吸困难缓解时间、肺部啰音消失时间和临床症状体征消失时间,较对照组明显缩短(P0.05);2试验组治疗有效率(92.68%,n=41)高于对照组的治疗有效率(75.61%,n=41),差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.48,P0.05);3两组患儿在治疗前30 min血气分析指标比较无显著差异性(P0.05),但治疗前后两组患儿的血气分析指标均得到明显改善(P0.05),且试验组改善幅度优于对照组(P0.05)。结论鼻塞式持续正压通气对小儿重症肺炎并发呼吸衰竭的治疗效果显著,快速缓解临床症状,改善血气分析指标,值得临床推广。     

32例反复呼吸道感染患儿发铅研究

研究了铅对儿童免疫系统的影响。选择了32例反复呼吸道感染患儿作为研究对象,38例健康儿童为对照。结果表明,患儿发铅含量(26.7±14.1)×10~(-6),高于对照组发铅含量(19.4±9.1)×10~(-6),经统计学处理,两者有显著性差异,t=2.59,P<0.05。证实铅对人体免疫力具有抑制作用,可增加小儿对致病微生物的敏感性。     

微量元素对胎儿发育影响的临床研究

为了解小于胎龄儿的血锌、铜、铅的变化 ,对 3 8例小于胎龄儿 (其中 1 2例有先天缺陷 )进行了血锌、铜、铅三种微量元素检测 ,并与 3 1例健康足月适于胎龄儿比较。结果表明 ,3 8例小于胎龄儿血锌、铜、铅结果分别为 49 4± 1 9 88μmol/L、 1 0 7± 3 3 μmol/L、 1 5± 0 83 μmol/L ;与正常对照组 (分别为 62 3 9± 1 5 2 9μmol/L、 1 1 0 2± 1 73 μmol/L、 0 82± 0 3 9μmol/L)比较 ,血锌明显低于正常组 ,t=-2 88,P <0 0 1 ;血铅明显高于对照组 ,t =4 6,P <0 0 1 ,有显著性差异。两组血铜无明显差异。小于胎龄儿血锌降低 ,血铅增高 ,而且其先天性缺陷者占3 5 .5 8% ,证明胎儿的低锌高铅状态对其生长发育有重要影响。     

婴幼儿反复呼吸道感染全血铁的测定及儿康宁疗效观察

为了解婴幼儿反复呼吸道感染 (RRTI)全血铁的变化及观察中药补血制剂儿康宁对RRTI的疗效 ,对符合RRTI诊断标准的 72名婴幼儿测定了全血铁含量 ,并与健康儿 5 0例作对照。观察组用儿康宁治疗 3个月后再复查全血铁含量 ,并观察儿康宁对RRTI的疗效。结果表明 ,观察组全血铁含量平均值 ( 693 6 0 9± 73 3 99) μmol/L与对照组 ( 80 99 3 5± 1 3 9 82 ) μmol/L比较 ,差异有极显著意义。用儿康宁治疗 3个月后全血铁含量 ( 80 75 71± 1 2 8 78) μmol/L明显增高 ,差异极显著。RRTI婴幼儿用儿康宁治疗后 ,无论在每月平均发病次数、每次发病平均持续天数及每月发热平均持续天数均比治疗前明显缩短。提示婴幼儿铁缺乏可使免疫功能削弱 ,易发生反复呼吸道感染。儿康宁治疗在改善缺铁状态的同时 ,对婴幼儿RRTI有减少发病、缩短病程及改善症状的作用 ,值得推广应用     

儿童神经过敏与血清中6种无机元素含量相关性研究

测定了1261名儿童(其中包括73名神经过敏儿童)血清中Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn和Pb的含量。研究发现,神经过敏患儿血清Zn含量(0.95±0.20μg/mL)显著低于对照组儿童(0.97±0.23μg/mL),P<0.05;Mn含量(0.03±0.01μg/mL)非常显著低于对照组儿童(0.04±0.02μg/mL),P<0.01。     

抚触护理对新生儿高胆红素血症的影响

目的探讨抚触护理对新生儿高胆红素血症的影响。方法选取江西省萍乡湘雅萍矿医院2012年8月至2015年1月收治的96例高胆红素血症患儿作为研究对象。按照入院顺序随机均分为实验组和对照组,对照组患儿进行常规护理,实验组患儿在对照组护理的基础上进行抚触护理。观察患儿经皮胆红素指数、住院时间、黄疸持续时间。结果护理干预前,两组患儿经皮胆红素指数水平对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);护理干预后,两组患儿经皮胆红素指数水平均低于护理干预前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);护理干预后,实验组患儿经皮胆红素指数水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组患儿住院时间、黄疸持续时间均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论抚触护理对新生儿高胆红素血症有积极的影响,能够改善患儿经皮胆红素指数水平,缩短患儿住院时间、黄疸持续时间,临床应用价值较高。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.