反向多波抽运宽带光纤拉曼放大器传输性能的模拟算法

提出了一种有效的简化数值算法模拟反向多波抽运拉曼放大器的传输性能 ,考虑了包括色散、非线性等效应 ,以及放大器放大自发发射噪声对多信道宽带分布拉曼放大系统性能的影响 ,并且具有足够的精度。作为模型的应用 ,模拟了一个 6 4× 10Gb/s的拉曼宽带级联放大系统的传输特性 ,比较了不同入纤功率对接收性能的影响 ,得到了一些有益的结论     

用简化模型实现多波抽运拉曼光纤放大器的优化设计

提出了一种优化设计多波抽运拉曼光纤放大器的方法。在不影响系统性能的前提下采用了合理的简化算法以减少运算时间，能够在给定信号光频宽和抽运个数等参量要求下得到符合增益平坦度性能要求的抽运功率和波长的优化配置结果。     

双向抽运光纤拉曼放大器的优化设计算法

基于双向抽运拉曼放大器的功率耦合方程 ,采用遗传算法和级链的全局收敛的Broyden方法 ,提出一种优化设计不同形式双向抽运宽带光纤拉曼放大器的自动配置算法。该算法的特点是计算速度快、收敛性好、适应面广。通过对单光纤的分布式、具有不同增益要求的分立式以及不同周期的色散管理结构的分布式双向抽运拉曼放大器的设计表明 :在 10THz的增益带宽内 ,放大器的增益平坦度均优于± 0 .6dB ,表明了该算法的可行性。此方法为采用双向抽运技术的拉曼放大器及其相应的全拉曼光纤传输系统的设计提供了一个公共平台     

抽运方式对混合拉曼光纤放大器性能的影响

通过实验比较了前向抽运拉曼光纤放大器与掺铒光纤放大器组成的混合放大器、后向抽运拉曼光纤放大器与掺铒光纤放大器组成的混合放大器的性能。实验采用75km标准单模光纤作为增益介质。采用20信道(符合ITU-T建议的波分复用信号)，波长为1537．377～1560．605nm，作为混合放大器的测试信号。20信道总功率-2．86dBm，每一信道用2．5Gb／s、码长2^7-1的非归零码通过电吸收调制器(EA)进行外调制。实验结果表明，前向抽运方式混合放大器的性能优于后向抽运方式的混合放大器，其中噪声系数的改善值为2．28～6．55dB。采用前向抽运时，各信道的增益同后向抽运相比，增加值均大于5dB。但不论采取那种抽运方式，采用混合放大的形式，各信道的光信噪比均大于26．9dB。     

光纤拉曼放大器的优化设计问题

根据拉曼放大的基本方程,从增益介质、抽运光源和抽运方式三个方面提出光纤拉曼放大器的优化设计原则,并给出理论计算结果。     

多波长双向抽运光纤拉曼放大器的优化设计

通过合理分析提出了便于计算多波长双向抽运光纤拉曼放大器信号及噪声功率的实用数值模型,给出求解信号和噪声功率的快速算法。在定义抽运方向度为前向抽运功率与总抽运功率值的比值后,通过对计算结果的分析发现信道平均放大自发辐射噪声功率随着抽运方向度的提高而单调递减;而信道平均双重瑞利散射噪声功率相对抽运方向度的变化曲线始终成U字形。不同的增益下存在对应的最优抽运方向度,在此抽运方向度下放大器总噪声最低。进而考虑在信号非线性失真的条件下提出了抽运方向度优化的衡量指标。优化后的多波长双向抽运方式不仅能保证对所有信道的平坦放大,而且其综合性能明显高于后向抽运方式。     

双向抽运拉曼光纤放大器性能的研究

对双向抽运拉曼光纤放大器(RFA)的噪声特性、增益饱和及抽运功率转换效率进行了详细研究。结果表明,双向抽运拉曼光纤放大器的噪声特性介于前向抽运与后向抽运之间,但主要取决于前向抽运方式所导致的噪声特性;双向抽运方式的饱和功率低于单向抽运方式的饱和功率,同前向抽运与后向抽运提供的增益比例有关;双向抽运方式的抽运功率转换效率同信号光功率及前、后向抽运提供的增益有关,当信号光功率较低时,增加前向抽运的比例可取得较高的抽运功率转换效率,而信号光功率较高时,增加后向抽运的比例可取得较高的抽运功率转换效率。研究一种配置(情况3)的双向抽运拉曼光纤放大器,可以完全补偿100km传输线路的损耗(包括无源器件的损耗),最低光信噪比为30．21dB。     

分布式反向抽运光纤拉曼放大器的功率转换效率分析

为了对反向抽运光纤拉曼放大器的功率转换效率进行研究,由耦合方程出发,采用龙格库塔算法和打靶法相结合的数值模拟方法,详细分析所有物理因素对反向抽运光纤拉曼放大器功率转换效率的影响。结果表明:功率转换效率先随着光纤长度增加而增加,当增加到最大值时保持数值不变;功率转换效率随着初始信号光功率、光纤拉曼增益系数、信号光损耗系数增加而增加,随着光纤有效面积、抽运光损耗系数、抽运光与信号光的频率比增加而减小;功率转换效率和初始抽运光功率呈抛物线曲线关系。所得结论对反向抽运光纤拉曼放大器功率转换效率的进一步研究以及光纤拉曼放大器的其他相关研究有重要参考意义。     

多波长宽带拉曼放大器的优化设计

简化多波长宽带拉曼放大器功率耦合方程,利用多步平均功率法进行数值计算得到密集波分复用系统信号的合成拉曼增益.对传统的模拟退火优化算法进行改进,并应用于宽带拉曼放大器增益谱的优化设计.提出新的目标函数,综合考虑增益带宽、开关增益、增益平坦度等特征参数.基于该简化模型和优化方法研究多泵浦光源的个数、输入功率和波长分布对信号拉曼增益的影响,揭示拉曼放大器增益带宽、开关增益、增益平坦度、泵浦数目等主要参数之间的内在联系.仿真结果显示,信号平坦增益带宽△λ随着泵浦数的增多显著加宽,随开关增益的提高和平坦度的增加明显变窄.     

宽带光纤拉曼放大器的优化设计与分析

基于拉曼放大器的功率耦合方程 ,采用遗传算法和全局收敛的布雷登方法 ,提出一种优化设计不同形式反向抽运宽带光纤拉曼放大器的自动配置算法。该算法的特点是计算速度快 ,收敛性好 ,适应面广。通过对具有不同增益要求的分立式、单光纤分布式以及不同结构的色散管理式宽带拉曼放大器设计表明 :在 10THz的增益带宽内 ,放大器的增益平坦度均优于± 0 .6dB ,表明了该算法的可行性。通过对由标准单模光纤和色散补偿光纤构成的组合放大单元与色散管理光纤级链组成的放大单元的比较 ,表明色散管理式拉曼放大器具有潜在的应用价值。     

Polarization-Dependent Gain in Raman Fiber Amplifiers with Depleted Pumps

Polarization-dependent gain in a Raman fiber amplifier in the depleted pump regime is investigated. Numerical investigations are realized and show that gain fluctuations are highly reduced when signal and pump interactions allow pump depletion.     

Numerical Routines for the Optimization of Pump Power and Wavelength in Distributed Raman Amplifiers

We present optimization routines developed to define rapidly and precisely the best pump wavelengths and powers for distributed Raman amplifier design. We confirm the validity of our method through simulations by solving the full propagation equations, which govern the amplifier behavior. The sensitivity of the results obtained on the target bandwidth and on the correct selection of the pump wavelengths is studied. Finally, we compare the efficiency of the presented method in relation to previously presented algorithms.     

Output Characteristics of High-Power Continuous Wave Raman Fiber Laser at 1484 nm Using Phosphosilicate Fiber

A continuous wave (CW) high-power Raman fiber laser (RFL) with maximum output power of 2.24 W and slope efficiency of 32.8% at 1484 nm is obtained using a CW 8.4 W/ 1064 nm Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser as a pump, 700 m phosphosilicate fiber, and cascaded cavities with two pairs of fiber Bragg grating mirrors for the first and the second Stokes orders. Theoretical simulation of the RFL using a very efficient and rapidly converging collocation method is done to understand and optimize the fiber length to obtain maximum second Stokes power. RFL performance for the 300, 700 and 1150 m phosphosilicate fiber lengths was experimentally investigated by observing maximum output power, slope efficiency, threshold power, and full-width at half maximum at the second Stokes wavelength.     

Simultaneous Double-Color Continuous Wave Raman Fiber Laser at 1239 nm and 1484 nm Using Phosphosilicate Fiber

Simultaneous double-color high-power continuous wave (CW) Raman fiber laser at 1239 nm and 1484 nm is demonstrated which uses CW 8.4 W Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser at 1064 nm as a pump, 1 km phosphosilicate fiber, and cascaded cavities consisting of two pairs of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) mirrors. Maximum output powers are 0.65 W at 1239 nm and 0.97 W at 1484 nm with a 50%/50% output mirror reflectivity pair, and 0.37 W at 1239 nm and 1.06 W at 1484 nm with a 75.5%/50% pair. The output characteristics of this laser for different FBG mirror reflectivities are reported.     

Simulation Performance of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers

In this paper, a simple approach is introduced to simulate the main performance of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers by using two empirical formulas to calculate saturated gain and corresponding noise figure. Then conflict equations are presented to improve this approach. At the end of the paper the comparison of calculation results before and after improvement is given. It has been shown to be more accurate.     

Flat gain spectrum design of Raman fiber amplifiers based on particle swarm optimization and average power analysis technique

In this work, the modified particle swarm optimization is used as an optimization tool to determine the set of wavelengths and power levels of pumps that delivers a flat gain spectrum for Raman fiber amplifiers. The average power analysis technique is used as a numerical method to solve the coupled Raman amplifier equations. By combining the modified particle swarm optimization and average power analysis technique an efficient algorithm for the design of flat-gain-spectrum broadband Raman fiber amplifiers is constructed. Application of this algorithm to the design of flat-gain-spectrum broadband Raman fiber amplifiers shows that the design efficiency of the new method is improved by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with similar implementations previously reported in the literature. A 4-backward-pump gain-flattened Raman amplifier with bandwidth of 100-nm and maximum gain ripple of <1.0 dB is designed to demonstrate the technique.