快递企业航空货运网络的构建

快递业竞争激烈,构建高效合理的航空货运网络是快递企业提高竞争力的重要手段。“枢纽—辐射”式航空货运网络是整合航空快递资源、提高航空快递资源利用效率、提高快递企业竞争力的有效模式。本文以降低航空快递网络成本、加快航空快递处理时间为目标,从航空快递网络枢纽的选取、指派关系的确定、枢纽个数的选择三个方面研究了航空快递网络模型建立问题,选用遗传算法求解不同枢纽个数下航空快递网络的运输成本,并据此进行枢纽的选取,运用重力模型法进行指派关系的确定,在此基础上运用超效率DEA模型确定枢纽个数。接着,以包含17个节点的顺丰航空快递网络的规划为例,对本文所提出的模型和算法进行了验证,验证结果证实了模型的合理性。本文的研究为快递企业构建航空货运网络提供了科学实用的方法,该方法的使用可以降低航空货运成本,提高效率,从而提高快递企业的竞争力。     

上海市航空运输业影响因素的灰色关联分析

本文通过比较上海航空运输业发展的各因素的影响作用,分析上海航空运输业的外在影响因素,并据此提出政策建议．本文通过灰色关联分析法分析了上海市2000—2011年的航空客运和货运与经济发展水平、产业结构、人口密度、对外贸易水平和地面交通情况的关联度,并详细分析了各影响因素对上海市航空运输业的影响作用．针对研究结果,结合上海市实际情况,给出了发展上海航空运输业的建议．     

基于DEA-Malmquist模型的西北地区能源空间转运格局效率及其变化分析

西北地区有着丰富的能源资源,对其能源空间转运格局进行效率评价及全要素生产率时空演变分析,对推动整个地区的发展有着重要意义.运用DEA中的BCC模型,对2016年西北地区的铁路和公路货运效率进行研究.利用Malmquist指数方法及ArcGIS软件,进一步分析2010-2016年西北地区铁路、公路货运全要素生产率的时空演变和地区差异.研究表明:1)2016年西北地区铁路货运效率总体水平较高,公路中等;存在地区差异性,东部整体高于西部;规模效率决定其有效性.2) 2010-2016年铁路和公路的Malmquist指数整体较稳定,技术进步变化对该指数影响最大.从时空演变来看,2010-2016西北地区铁路货运的Malmquist指数先升后降,地区差异先减小后增大;公路货运的Malmquist指数先降后升,地区差异先减小后增大最后又减小.     

2×2上三角算子矩阵的Drazin谱

设MC=[A C 0 B]是从Hilbert空间H⊕K到H⊕K中的2×2上三角算子矩阵.该文主要研究MC的Drazin可逆性和MC的Drazin谱.此外,对给定算子A∈B(H)和B∈B(K),将给出在一定条件下所有上三角算子矩阵Mc的Drazin谱的交∩C∈B(K,K)σD(MC)的具体表达式.     

中心城市货运市场建设项目的系统评价研究

本文通过对公路货运市场的生产和经营状况、所处的经营环境以及货运市场中的运力和货运需求进行了分析 ,提出了货运市场建设项目的评价指标体系 ,并且利用系统评价模型进行评价 ,得出了满意的结果     

基于RST/IAHP的航空维修人因可靠性评估模型研究

针对航空维修人因可靠性定量评估这一难点问题,提出了一种基于粗糙集理论(RST)和区间层次分析法(IAHP)的人因可靠性评估模型.根据大量统计数据,运用决策树法建立分层次的航空维修科目人因可靠性指标评价体系.综合采用区间层次分析法和粗糙集方法确定指标权重,提出了采用区间型加权算法对指标进行聚合.以某航空维修系统更换发动机科目为例,对所提方法进行案例验证.结果表明,该方法具有实用、可操作性强等特点,为航空维修系统科目的人因可靠性评估提供了理论参考.     

Generalized Drazin spectrum of operator matrices

Let A ∈ B(X) and B ∈ B(Y), MC be an operator on Banach space X ⊕ Y given A C by MC =A generalized Drazin spectrum defined by σgD(T) = {λ∈ C : T-0 BλI is not generalized Drazin invertible} is considered in this paperIt is shown thatσgD(A) ∪σgD(B) = σgD(MC) ∪ WgD(A, B, C),where WgD(A, B, C) is a subset of σgD(A) ∩σgD(B) and a union of certain holes in σgD(MC).Furthermore, several sufficient conditions for σgD(A) ∪σgD(B) = σgD(MC) holds for every C ∈ B(Y, X) are given.     

基于GFM-VAR的我国通用航空产业演进阶段识别及政策强度有效性分析

为揭示通用航空产业系统演化的动态和有序规律,挖掘产业形成和可持续发展的阶段识别证据,针对产业演化数据的信息不完全和连续聚类特性,基于灰色系统理论和最优分割理论构建通用航空产业演进阶段识别的灰色生成序列最优分割模型(Grey sequence generation-Fisher Model,GFM),并运用VAR模型分析通航产业政策强度的有效性。首先运用灰色系统理论的(位置加权)几何平均强化缓冲算子(W)GASBO((Weight)Geometry average strengthening buffer operator)扩张演化数据波形特征并生成灰色序列矩阵;运用最优分割理论的组内离差平方和最小判断原则判定通用航空产业演化的有序递进阶段;然后,通过我国2004~2013年通用航空产业演进阶段的实证研究,发现:我国通用航空产业演化以2010年为分界点,先后经历了初创和成长两个阶段;基于VAR模型的脉冲响应函数确定我国通航产业政策强度受“倒逼出台”、“时滞限制”的影响呈弱有效性;基于政策强度(WGASBO算子)的灰色生成序列最优分割模型更有效、更具有可行性。     

诊断和修理航空继电器故障的优化系统

为了减少目前航空继电器用于发现和修理故障的费用 ,本文建立了基于规则、事实以及其自身经验的一个专家系统——适应性诊断系统 ADS( A daptive Diagnostic System) .该系统利用推理对航空继电器检测和替换顺序进行了优化 ,使节省的费用大约为 50 % .     

你也需要蒙特卡罗方法——一个得心应手的工具

本文通过几个例子和通俗的语言简要介绍蒙特卡罗(MC)方法的应用.文中例子显示,即使是一些尚无其它办法计算的复杂问题,应用MC方法也可以获得可用的结果,并且使用中档的个人电脑也可以在极短的时间内完成.文中还提供了一个品质优良的随机数发生器,据此读者不难把MC方法立刻用于自己的研究工作中。     

港口货物总吞吐量概率分布数学模型的建立与分析

为了研究港口货物总吞吐量随时间变化的规律,提出了港口货物总吞吐量的概率分布模型.由于货物总吞吐量的变化与到达港口的货运船数目以及装卸设备的工作效率有密切关系,构造一个关于到达港口的货运船数目以及装卸设备的工作能力组合而成的复合变量,货物总吞吐量是这些复合变量所表示的货物装卸量的和.应用wald方程,得到货物总吞吐量的概率分布.货物总吞吐量服从何种概率分布依赖于到达港口的货运船数目所服从的概率分布.克服了传统预测模型难于对未来货物吞吐量大小变化的可能性作出量化判断的缺点.同时,根据建立的数学模型,分析了影响货物总吞吐量变化的因素,以山东地区某港口的货物吞吐量变化规律进行了案例分析.实际结果与理论分析相符.     

Investment optimization on port’s development by fuzzy integer programming

In this research, the main purpose is to formulate a model to determine the optimum investment on port development from national investment prospective; on the other hand, costs and benefits are calculated from consumer and investor’s viewpoint. The formulated model is an integer-programming model. The emphasis is on how to formulate an investment optimization problem where cargo operation, investment costs, cargo-handling capacity, cargo transportation network, and the world maritime fleet constraints are included. Fuzzy numbers are used for cargo forecast study results. The output of the model is the type of design ships and design berths which are needed in each sub period, so that the port planner (the government) will find out the optimum development plan of port in each sub period when there is uncertainty in cargo handling forecast (fuzzy numbers).     

Representation and analysis of behavior for multiprocess systems by using stochastic Petri nets

This paper proposes a new approach to visually represent the behavior of multiprocess in a computer network system using stochastic Petri net (SPN) and an aggregate approach of SPN and Markov renewal process (MRP) to conduct behavior analysis and performance evaluation for the system. SPN is employed because of its highly visual nature that can give insight into the nature of the modeled system and because of its expressive power for an exponentially distributed event. In order to increase the analytical power of the SPN model, MRP is introduced and an embedded transference probability matrix is applied to obtain the steady-state solution of the model, from which it is possible to obtain automatically the performance measures of the multiprocess computer network system.     

A method to abstract a stochastic Petri net

We propose a method to abstract a given stochastic Petri net (SPN). We shall show that the reachability tree of the given SPN is isomorphic to a Markov renewal process. Then, the given SPN is transformed to a state transition system (STS) and the STS is reduced. The reduction of states on STS corresponds to a fusion of series transitions on the SPN. The reduced STS is again transformed to an abstract SPN. We show that it is helpful to use the notion of the conditional firstpassage time from a certain state to the others on the STS to reduce nonessential states, thus places and transitions on the given SPN. Mass functions, that is, the distribution functions of conditional first-passage time between preserved states on the reduced MRP, preserve firing probabilities of fused transitions. Firing probability of the preserved transition also preserves the stochastic properties of the fused transitions.     

Combined Sea and Land Transportation

An important problem today in the field of transportation is the standardization of the cargo, e.g. by using containers, and the design of the handling and transportation equipment for the specific cargo to be transported.The paper presents a method for determining the transportation system with emphasis on sea transport. Thus the cargo is to be transported by sea from the factory to customers spread over a large region, e.g. Europe. The problem is to select the ports of call, the quantities to be delivered at the ports, as well as the size and type of vessel.This problem resembles the warehouse location problem (the location of ports) but requires in addition the determination of ship size, type of ship and whether one or more ports should be called at on each journey with a single ship. A discussion is also presented as to the possibility of considering randomness in the system with respect to customer demand and weather conditions.The method used resembles that suggested by Baumol and Wolfe for the ware-house location problem. A concave function of the quantities delivered at each port is derived and this is then shown to converge to a local optimum.An example is solved to illustrate the method.     

预倒出口箱区的多场桥调度优化

在集装箱出口箱区堆场的实际作业中,常将待提箱提前翻倒至一空闲箱区,使其装船前以船舶配载图的倒序堆垛,以提高装船效率。为提高初始出口箱区的预翻作业效率,针对该箱区的多场桥调度优化问题进行研究。以实施预翻作业的某一出口箱区为研究对象,在船舶配载图已知的前提下,考虑作业场桥间保持安全距离且不可跨越的条件,兼顾满足经验翻箱规则等现实约束,侧重作业过程中实时翻箱,构建了以场桥作业总行走时间最小为优化目标的线性规划模型,并设计了分支定价算法。在算例实验中,通过与非实时预翻箱方案、FCFS方案以及下界进行对比,验证了模型及算法的有效性,可为集装箱码头出口箱堆场的场桥调度提供参考。     

A Markov model for single-leg air cargo revenue management under a bid-price policy

In this paper, we consider the capacity allocation problem in single-leg air cargo revenue management. We assume that each cargo booking request is endowed with a random weight, volume and profit rate and propose a Markovian model for the booking request/acceptance/rejection process. The decision on whether to accept the booking request or to reserve the capacity for future bookings follows a bid-price control policy. In particular, a cargo will be accepted only when the revenue from accepting it exceeds the opportunity cost, which is calculated based on bid prices. Optimal solutions are derived by maximizing a reward function of a Markov chain. Numerical comparisons between the proposed approach and two existing static single-leg air cargo capacity allocation policies are presented.     

An Investigation into the Materials Handling System of a Fabrication Works

A materials handling system was required for a projected fabrication works. Detailed time studies were made of overhead cranes handling similar material, and the information thus obtained was analysed, leading to improved understanding of the operation of the cranes and hence to measures for increasing their effectiveness. The same time studies were used as a basis for simulating the materials handling system in the projected works on an English Electric “DEUCE” computer. By simulating various combinations of handling equipment a suitable solution was obtained and is now in successful operation.     

A proactive approach for simultaneous berth and quay crane scheduling problem with stochastic arrival and handling time

For a container terminal system, efficient berth and quay crane (QC) schedules have great impact on the improvement of both operation efficiency and customer satisfaction. In this paper we address berth and quay crane scheduling problems in a simultaneous way, with uncertainties of vessel arrival time and container handling time. The berths are of discrete type and vessels arrive dynamically with different service priorities. QCs are allowed to move to other berths before finishing processing on currently assigned vessels, adding more flexibility to the terminal system. A mixed integer programming model is proposed, and a simulation based Genetic Algorithm (GA) search procedure is applied to generate robust berth and QC schedule proactively. Computational experiment shows the satisfied performance of our developed algorithm under uncertainty.     

基于贪婪禁忌搜索算法的垂岸式堆场出口箱装船翻箱研究

基于垂岸式自动化集装箱码头不同装船周期出口集装箱堆场多贝位混合堆存、场桥大车在贝位间频繁移动取箱装船特点,考虑装船发箱时场桥移动等操作时间及翻箱取箱次数对出口箱装船效率和连续性影响,建立多贝位出口箱装船堆场翻箱模型,提出两阶段贪婪禁忌搜索算法,将翻箱规则嵌入算法中,有效限制算法时间和解空间增长速度。通过算例,将提出的翻箱规则与现有常见翻箱规则进行对比,验证模型及算法的有效性与实用性。结果表明,提出的模型和算法可以在合理的求解时间内输出较优的翻箱方案,减少装船时场桥发箱作业时间,提高装船作业效率。