拉伸应变对YBCO涂层导体传输特性的影响

本文通过实验研究了拉伸应变对YBCO涂层导体的临界电流(Ic)、n值和交流损耗的影响(零场,77K),实验结果表明,随着拉伸应变的增大,YBCO涂层导体Ic的变化分为三个阶段,开始缓慢上升,然后缓慢下降,最后快速下降,Ic的上升表明带材中存在残余压缩应变,Ic的衰减是由于应变导致弱连接区域的钉扎势与晶界间临界电流密度同时减小引起的;而n值随应变增加基本上没有变化,说明沿导体长度方向的Ic分布没有变化.由于临界电流密度沿样品宽度方向分布不均匀,实验所得的交流损耗结果与采用Norris模型计算所得的结果不一致,同时,当应变超过不可逆应变、电流接近Ic时,交流损耗快速增加.     

轴向拉伸应变对YBCO涂层导体V-I特性曲线的影响研究

文中实验测试了YBCO涂层导体在77K(液氮)、自场环境、不同轴向拉伸应变情况下的V-I特性曲线,并获得相应的n值。接着,通过对实验数据的拟合建立了一种理论模型,对不同应变下的V-I特性曲线进行了修正,模型修正的结果很好的反映了在实际不同应变情况下的V-I特性曲线变化特征。在此基础上,建立了这种材料n值和应变之间的理论模型,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。最后,考虑到YBCO涂层导体的n值在材料的弹性区受轴向拉伸应变的影响很小,给出了YBCO涂层导体临界电流与轴向拉伸应变的理论预测模型。通过与实验数据的对比,该理论模型可准确预测任意应变状态下YBCO涂层导体的V-I特性曲线和所对应的n值及其在弹性区的临界电流。     

力学性能对Bi-2223/Ag超导带材临界电流影响实验研究

本文主要研究了在77K温度下,拉伸应变和弯曲应变对Bi-2223/Ag超导带材临界电流的影响,得到了超导带材的临界电流随拉伸强度、曲率半径变化规律.实验结果显明,拉伸作用在超导带材上产生的形变对其临界电流(Ic)的影响存在一个临界值εirr=0.3%.形变小于此临界值,Ic变化较小,超过此临界值,临界电流急剧下降.弯曲实验同样存在类似关系.同步辐射光源对超导带材检测表明,在形变情况下,超导氧化物陶瓷芯的微裂纹迅速增加和交织是Ic降低的主要原因.     

表面钝化前后Al0.22Ga0.78N/GaN异质结势垒层应变的高温特性

用高分辨X射线衍射仪(HRXRD)研究了表面钝化前后Al0.22Ga0.78N/GaN异质结势垒层应变的高温特性,温度变化范围从室温到813K.结果表明,对未钝化的异质结,当测试温度高于523K时,Al0.22Ga0.78N势垒层开始出现应变弛豫;钝化后,在Al0.22Ga0.78N势垒层中会产生一个附加的平面拉伸应变,并随着温度的增加,势垒层中的平面拉伸应变会呈现出一个初始的增加,接着应变将减小,对100nm厚的Al0.22Ga0.78N势垒层,应变只是轻微地减小,但对于50nm厚的Al0.22Ga0.78N势垒层,则出现了严重的应变弛豫现象.     

大型LED矩形阵列光斑照度的均匀性研究

应用LED芯片的照度公式以及大型LED矩形阵列照度分布的对称性,建立了研究大型LED矩形阵列照度均匀度的物理模型,推导出计算大型LED矩形阵列照度均匀度的公式。利用该公式研究了大型LED矩形阵列照度均匀度随目标距离、长宽比以及m值的变化规律。得出：照度均匀度随目标距离的增加而非线性地减小;照度均匀度随长宽比的增加而非线性地增大;照度均匀度随m值的增加而近似成线性地增大。这些规律为提高大型LED矩形阵列的照度均匀性提供了理论依据,也为大型LED矩形阵列的照度均匀性设计提供了研究方向和计算方法。弥补了之前研究LED阵列照度均匀性方法上的不足。     

单层CrI3电荷输运性质和光学性质应变调控的第一性原理研究

通过应变调控二维材料的电学性质和光学性质是设计新型二维电子和光电子器件的重要环节,也是后摩尔时代薄膜器件设计中的关键技术.薄膜CrI₃具有铁磁和层间反铁磁的独特性质,但是关于应变调制其电学性质和光学性质的研究未见报道.本文采用高精度杂化密度泛函理论研究了面内单双轴应变对单层CrI₃载流子迁移率和介电函数的调控规律,研究结果与已有的实验和理论值符合较好.计算发现:单层CrI₃载流子迁移率非常小,均在10 cm²·V^-1·s^-1以内;与拉伸应变相比,双轴压缩应变可以显著提升迁移率;当双轴压缩应变量增至8%时,沿锯齿方向电子迁移率增至174 cm²·V^-1·s^-1,达到了MoS₂水平.可见光区介电函数虚部x (y)方向Ⅰ号吸收峰强度随双轴拉伸应变量增加明显增强,而z方向几乎没有变化;可见光区x (y)和z方向的介电函数虚部曲线开始攀升的起点对应的光子能量均随双轴压缩应变量增加...     

镁合金的阻尼性能研究

本文对铸态纯镁及Mg-Zr合金的阻尼性能随Zr含量、频率、应变振幅和温度的变化进行了研究.结果表明,Zr含量对阻尼性能有较大影响.纯镁及Mg-Zr合金的内耗Q-1随着频率(3×10-3～5 Hz)的增加而下降,随着应变振幅的增加而增大,随着温度的升高而增大并出现内耗峰.     

水对无定形SiO2拉伸特性影响的反应分子动力学模拟

潮湿对SiO₂的强度有重要影响. 采用反应场分子动力学模拟方法,研究液态水对无定形SiO₂ （a-SiO₂）准静态拉伸特性的影响. 准静态拉伸模拟的结果表明,在干燥条件下,a-SiO₂的拉伸强度为9.4 GPa,而在含液态水时则下降为4.7 GPa,表明液态水使得a-SiO₂拉伸强度发生显著下降. 根据应力-应变曲线分析可知,干燥条件下a-SiO₂结构的刚度随着拉伸应变的增加保持稳定,而含液态水的a-SiO₂刚度随着拉伸应变的增加而逐步降低,并且应变为16%–20%时的应力-应变曲线类似于金属的屈服现象. 通过对拉伸过程的原子图像分析可知,含液态水a-SiO₂的拉伸过程并没有发生塑性变形,而是因为应力增大加速了水解反应,使得应力-应变曲线表现出上述塑性现象. 关键词： 2')" href="#">无定形SiO₂ 机械强度 水 分子动力学模拟     

类钠离子激发态能级的计算

本文采用HFS法计算了Na、Mg~ 、Al~( )的ls~(2-)2P~6nl(n≤14.l≤7)所有激发态的能级。发现能级的计算值和实验值的相对误差先是随n的增大而迅速减小,然后缓慢变化并趋于一个相当小的“稳定值”。根据这一规律可以更准确地预言未知的较高能级值。     

芯部引入Ag合金的方法改善Bi2223超导带材的机械性能

本文利用在超导芯部引入Ag合金的方法制备了一种新结构Bi2 2 2 3超导带材 ,并研究了此种带材相对于普通Bi2 2 2 3超导带材性能的变化 ,以及拉伸应变对其性能的影响 .实验结果表明 ,这种新结构提高了带材的载流性能 ,所得最终带材的最大Ic=75A ,Jc=1 .6×1 0 4 A/cm2 ,相对普通样品提高了 35 % .实验结果表明此种Bi 2 2 2 3超导带材的机械性能有明显的提高 ,样品的屈服强度σ0 .2 和不可逆应变极限εirr和普通样品相比均有较大幅度的提高 ,最大不可逆应变极限εirr约为 0 .4 5 % ,相对普通样品提高了约 5 0 %左右 ,屈服强度σ0 .2 约为 85Mpa ,相对普通样品提高了约 30 %左右     

Bi—2223带材在拉伸应力下的临界电流

研究了不锈钢加强的Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带材在不同的拉伸应力下临界电流的变化情况。采用改造后的拉伸设备,在温度77K下对超导带材施加拉伸应力的同时,利用四引线法测量带材的临界电流,得到了超导带材的应力—应变曲线以及临界电流—应变曲线。利用理论公式计算了应力对超导带材临界电流的影响,与实验结果进行对比,并对两者的差别进行了分析。     

Strain effect on the electronic properties of 1T-HfS2 monolayer

We perform first-principles based on the density function theory to investigate electronic and magnetic properties of 1T-HfS₂ monolayer with biaxial tensile strain and compressive strain. The results show that HfS₂ monolayer under strains doesn’t display magnetic properties. When the strain is 0%, the HfS₂ monolayer presents an indirect band gap semiconductor with the band gap is about 1.252 eV. The band gap of HfS₂ monolayer decreases quickly with increasing compressive strain and comes to zero when the compressive strain is above −7%, the HfS₂ monolayer system turns from semiconductor to metal. While the band gap increases slowly with increasing tensile strain and comes to 1.814 eV when the tensile strain is 10%. By comparison, we find that the compressive strain is more effective in band engineering of pristine 1T-HfS₂ monolayer than the tensile strain. And we notice that the extent of band gap variation is different under tensile strain. The change of band gap with strain from 1% to 5% is faster than that of the strain 6–10%. To speak of, the conduction band minimum (CBM) is all located at M point with different strains. While the valence band maximum (VBM) turns from Γ point to K point when the strain is equal to and more than 6%.     

超临界点附近二氧化碳流体的声速

使用压缩蒸气模型,推导了超临界流体在超临界点附近区间的声速表达式,表达式揭示了声速和密度波动指数、等温压缩系数、定体摩尔热容量等参量的联系.在超临界点附近,二氧化碳流体的声速和密度波动指数呈减函数关系,密度波动指数越大,声速越小,在密度波动指数最小处,声速最大,此时,较小的密度波动会引起较大的声速波动.当压强逐渐增大并接近临界点时,定体热摩尔容量的迅速增大导致声速减小,当压强增大而远离临界点时,定体摩尔热容量的迅速减小导致声速增大.由表达式得到的计算值与由美国国家标准局提供的参考值符合较好. 关键词： 超临界二氧化碳 声速 密度波动 定体摩尔热容量     

CRITICAL STRAINS DETERMINING THE YIELD BEHAVIOR OF s-PP*

Video-controlled tensile deformation experiments giving true stressstrain curves were carried out on samples of s-PP. Dividing the total tensile deformation into elastic and plastic parts shows three critical strains (A, B, C) for which the differential compliance and the recovery properties change. It was found that all critical strains remain constant on varying the crystallite thickness or the testing temperature. Point A marks the end of the linearelastic range. The yield point, as given by the maximum on the engineering stress-strain curve for a necking sample, essentially corresponds to the second critical point, although the yield point is shifted relative to B to higher strains and varies with temperature. It is associated with the collective onset of inter- and intralamellar slip processes. At the third critical strain (C), the lamellae become destroyed, and fibrils are formed. The texture changes accompanying the drawing determined by a simultaneous measurement of wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) patterns indicate a common activity of intra- and interlamellar slip processes setting in at A and a dominance of intralamellar block slips at moderate deformations above B. The Young's modulus and the yield stress show a large decrease with temperature, whereas there are only minor changes in the crystallinity. We understand it as resulting from a change of coupling, both between the crystalline lamellae and of the blocks within the lamellae.

     

纳观尺度裂纹扩展微观机理的晶体相场法研究

采用晶体相场方法模拟不同预变形量的样品在单轴拉应变作用下的纳观裂纹扩展行为.观察纳观尺度的裂纹演化过程,结果表明：对于无预变形的样品,在拉应变作用下,由于裂口处应变集中,当应变量达到临界值时,裂口开始起裂并伴随位错出现,随着裂尖的前进位错伴随着裂尖而滑移.对于预变形的样品,在较小的临界应变值裂口起裂,且预变形量越大,裂纹越易起裂和扩展.在裂纹扩展早期阶段呈现出扩展-转向-扩展的长大特征,其本质是裂纹扩展由于裂尖附近的位错滑移受阻引起应变集中,造成主次原子晶面方向的原子键交替断裂,使得裂尖扩展沿[√3,1]和[√3,-1]方向交替改变而前进,裂纹边缘呈锯齿形状.样品的裂纹扩展后期出现显著的类似解理裂纹扩展行为,解理方向沿[√3,1]和[√3,-1]方向,且预变形量大的样品裂纹解理扩展更明显且扩展较快.     

单轴应变对氮化铟电子结构及光学性质的影响

采用密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理平面波赝势方法,计算单轴应变下闪锌矿氮化铟的电子结构及光学性质.结果表明：施加应变会使带隙变窄.对于拉应变,随着应变增大带隙减小程度增大;对于压应变,随应变增大带隙减小程度减弱;且拉、压应变对带隙调控都是线性的.在能量区间4 eV~12 eV范围内施加应变时,氮化铟的吸收光谱发生红移,随拉应变程度增加,吸收光谱的红移进一步加大;随压应变增加,吸收光谱红移减弱;在该范围内,氮化铟的折射率、反射率随拉应变的增大而增加,随压应变增加减小;施加拉应变时能量损失函数峰值增大,施加压应变后能量损失函数峰值减小.通过施加单轴应变能有效调节氮化铟材料的电结构及光学性质.     

Engineering the work function of armchair graphene nanoribbons using strain and functional species: a first principles study

First principles density functional theory calculations were performed to study the effects of strain, edge passivation, and surface functional species on the structural and electronic properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs), with a particular focus on the work function. The work function was found to increase with uniaxial tensile strain and decrease with compression. The variation of the work function under strain is primarily due to the shift of the Fermi energy with strain. In addition, the relationship between the work function variation and the core level shift with strain is discussed. Distinct trends of the core level shift under tensile and compressive strain were discovered. For AGNRs with the edge carbon atoms passivated by oxygen, the work function is higher than for nanoribbons with the edge passivated by hydrogen under a moderate strain. The difference between the work functions in these two edge passivations is enlarged (reduced) under a sufficient tensile (compressive) strain. This has been correlated to a direct-indirect bandgap transition for tensile strains of about 4% and to a structural transformation for large compressive strains at about - 12%. Furthermore, the effect of the surface species decoration, such as H, F, or OH with different covering density, was investigated. It was found that the work function varies with the type and coverage of surface functional species. Decoration with F and OH increases the work function while H decreases it. The surface functional species were decorated on either one side or both sides of AGNRs. The difference in the work functions between one-sided and two-sided decorations was found to be relatively small, which may suggest an introduced surface dipole plays a minor role.     

动态拉伸加载下高纯铝破坏的临界行为

以高纯铝(99.999%)作为延性金属的模拟材料，在一级气体炮上开展了一维应变平面冲击波加载实验.通过对不完全层裂的回收样品进行细观微损伤统计分析，讨论了高纯铝动态破坏时发生的临界行为.文中定义拉伸应力和拉伸作用时间的乘积为拉伸(作用)冲量，统计发现：随着拉伸冲量的增加，样品中的损伤呈现明显的临界行为特征：当拉伸冲量较小时，损伤以线性方式缓慢增长，当拉伸冲量足够大，且超过一定的临界阈值以后，损伤以幂指数形式快速增长.初步实验结果表明，高纯铝的拉伸冲量临界阈值约为0.34GPa·μs，对应的损伤临界值约为0.12.     

The onset of convection in a finite container due to surface tension and buoyancy

A method for predicting instabilities which combines recent techniques from bifurcation theory with the finite-element method is described. It is applied to the prediction of the onset of convection driven by both surface tension and buoyancy in rectangular containers. For zero buoyancy, the critical values of the Marangoni number for the first two bifurcations from the trivial solution are found for a two-dimensional cavity of aspect ratio 2. The variation of these critical values with aspect ratio is obtained by continuation methods and this reveals an interlacing of modes as the container size increases. It is established that the bifurcation to an even number of cells is transcritical rather than pitchfork and the turning point on the subcritical branch is located as a function of aspect ratio. The hysteresis associated with the transcritical bifurcation is small. As the surface tension forces decrease to zero, so that the convection is driven by buoyancy alone, the amount of hysteresis associated with the transcritical bifurcation becomes vanishingly small. The reason for this is not fully understood.