f =325 MHz,β=0.52 双柱超导Spoke 腔电磁设计

中国科学院近代物理研究所设计的工作频率为325 MHz、最优β为0.52 的双柱超导Spoke 腔的电磁已经完成。详细地描述了Spoke 基部横截面形状和大小对腔体射频性能的影响,采用了跑道形来取代通常的圆形Spoke 基部截面。从归一化峰值电磁场和分路阻抗两方面出发,比较了横截面为横向跑道和纵向跑道的Spoke 基部。Spoke 基部横截面的形状为横向跑道时能得到较好的射频参数,满足中国ADS(C-ADS) 的工程需求。最后利用CST 粒子工作室对得到的腔体进行了二次电子倍增分析,在工作电压附近不存在二次电子倍增,验证了该腔体形状的可行性。The EM design of a 325 MHz β= 0.52 superconducting double Spoke cavity has been finished at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS). In this paper, the optimization of the Spoke base is described in detail. The goal is to minimize the peak surface field and maximize the shunt impedance. The common cylinder is replaced by the racetrack shape for the Spoke base. The transverse racetrack Spoke base can offer a better RF property than the longitudinal racetrack Spoke base, which meet the requirement of the C-ADS. The simulation of multipactor finished by CST Particle Studio is also presented, which gives a promising result that there is no multipactor around working voltage.     

BEPCⅡ超导腔失效分析

以北京正负电子对撞机(BEPCII)超导腔为例,通过监测运行中超导腔的主要参数,如腔压、输入功率、调谐角等,并与理论计算相比较的方法,对超导腔失效常见的几种原因,包括：高频系统硬件故障、束流丢失以及调谐器机械运动不畅等,进行了分析,重点解决了调谐器机械运动不畅导致超导腔失效这一比较复杂的问题。这些分析为减少BEPCII高频故障,增加BEPCII运行可靠性提供了重要参考。     

PKU-SCAF 1.3GHz超导腔2K垂直测试恒温器设计

1.3GHz超导腔是北京大学超导加速器装置(PKU-SCAF)中的关键设备,在正式安装之前,需对其进行超流氦条件下的性能测试。在2K垂直测试恒温器功能及流程分析的基础上,对恒温器关键部件进行了强度计算,形变分析、温度场仿真分析,给出了关键设备-低温负压换热器的设计参数,对垂直测试恒温器2K温区进行了热负荷分析与计算,确定了恒温器的结构形式,为恒温器的低温测试和稳定运行提供了理论依据。     

BEPCⅡ超导腔高次模阻抗抑制优化研究

BEPCⅡ500MHz超导腔是BEPCⅡ储存环的关键设备,腔中高次模的分布和阻抗将很大程度上直接影响束流的稳定.因此,研究BEPCⅡ超导腔的高次模分布和高次模吸收器的吸收效果对实现BEPCⅡ指标至关重要.为此,通过改变高次模吸收器的位置、铁氧体吸收材料的长度、厚度以及腔的渐变过渡波导的角度等对BEPCⅡ超导腔高次模阻抗抑制进行了模拟优化研究,从而找到并确定了吸收器对高次模阻抗抑制的最优值.同时,为证实模拟计算结果的正确性,对BEPCⅡ超导模型腔进行了高次模分布和吸收测量,得到了与计算一致的结果.结果表明,经过细致优化腔的高次模吸收器,腔中大部分高次模被深度吸收了,那些具有潜在危险的高次模阻抗值降到了阈值以下,满足BEPCⅡ束流阻抗要求     

BEPCII超导腔高功率输入耦合器

北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程（BEPCII）将采用超导高频系统,其超导高频加速腔采用同轴天线型高功率输入耦合器。在耦合器的设计中,理论模拟高功率输入耦合器的外部Q值非常重要,它可以为耦合器的优化设计、安装及测试提供理论参考依据。本文用一种时域分析的方法计算了BEPCII超导腔高功率输入耦合器的外部Q值,并与实验结果进行了对比,二者取得了良好的一致,误差度在10％以内。证明了该计算方法的正确性和可行性。同时,本文还对影响该耦合器外部Q值的几何参数进行了优化和研究。为同轴型高功率输入耦合器的设计提供了理论参考依据。     

9-cell TESLA超导加速腔研制中Dumb-Bells的测量与调整

为了保证9-cell超导加速腔在场的平滑度、TM010模的频率以及加速器的总长度达到TESLA国际标准, 必须确保每个Dumb-Bell在以上各方面达到标准要求. 由于冲压、机加工以及电子束焊接等过程会引起形变, 因此, 必须在完成iris和加强筋的电子束焊接之后对Dumb-Bells进行微波和机械测量, 并根据测量的结果对其腔形和长度等作必要的调整. 北京大学已经建立了一套完整的测量和调整Dumb-Bells的装置, 本文深入研究了Dumb-Bells的测量与调整的方法.     

中国散裂中子源二期648 MHz超导腔调谐器设计

中国散裂中子源二期升级采用超导腔技术方案,其中在165～300 MeV能量段采用648 MHz 6-cell超导腔模组,每个模组中集成3只6-cell超导腔。超导腔工作在脉冲模式,为了保证超导腔2 K下的频率满足运行要求,每只超导腔需要一套低温调谐器对其频率进行精确调节控制。针对648 MHz 6-cell超导腔的结构和运行特点进行了低温调谐器的设计,采用快慢组合机构补偿超导腔的频率偏移,对调谐器的基本性能和超导腔脉冲模式运行下的动态洛伦兹失谐进行了分析。     

1.3 GHz超导腔磁通排出效应研究

设计并搭建了一套高精度的磁场测量和补偿系统,并结合中国科学院高能物理研究所（IHEP）的2K超导腔垂直测试平台对1.3 GHz 单加速间隙超导腔的磁通排出效应开展了实验研究：利用研制的磁场测量和补偿系统能够精密地测量超导腔赤道位置磁场,并能够将磁场补偿至小于5.0×10⁻⁸ T;并对超导腔不同表面温度梯度下的磁通排出效应进行了测量分析;对钉扎了磁场的超导腔进行了射频性能测试,研究了超导腔电阻对磁通钉扎的敏感度,以及在不同电场梯度下超导腔的表面电阻变化情况。结果表明,研制的高精度磁场测量和补偿系统能够满足超导腔磁通排出研究的需求;高的超导腔表面温度梯度有利于磁通的排出;磁通钉扎电阻的敏感度随着加速电场梯度的增加而增大,导致超导腔的性能下降。此实验研究也为后续超导腔的研制奠定了一定基础。     

700MHz单cell超导腔洛伦兹力失谐分析

着重论述了超导腔的洛伦兹力失谐,并对704MHz/β=0.45单cell纯铌超导腔进行了静态洛伦兹力失谐分析和动态洛伦兹力失谐分析,对增加其机械稳定性的方式方法进行了讨论和计算,给出了其相应的加固方案.     

中国散裂中子源二期双spoke超导腔设计

中国散裂中子源是中国第一台、世界第四台脉冲型散裂中子源,其已于2020年2月达到100 kW功率的设计指标,运行稳定高效,供束效率位于国际前列。中国散裂中子源二期升级方案中总束流功率将升级到500 kW,其中直线加速器段将采用超导加速腔结构,束流能量由80 MeV提高到300 MeV。其中在80～165 MeV能量段采用324 MHz双spoke超导腔,在165～300 MeV能量段采用648 MHz 6-cell椭球超导腔。采用CST、COMSOL等仿真软件完成324 MHz双spoke超导腔的电磁、机械设计及优化,达到实际运行指标要求。为了提高腔运行的稳定性,在腔的设计中对E_P/E_acc着重进行了优化,使其尽量降低。     

Tuner control system of Spoke012 SRF cavity for C-ADS injector I

A new tuner control system for spoke superconducting radio frequency(SRF) cavities has been developed and applied to cryomodule I of the C-ADS injector I at the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. We have successfully implemented the tuner controller based on Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)for the first time and achieved a cavity tuning phase error of ±0.7?(about ±4 Hz peak to peak) in the presence of electromechanical coupled resonance. This paper presents preliminary experimental results based on the PLC tuner controller under proton beam commissioning.     

CiADS超导直线加速器超导腔失效的分段补偿与冗余设计

加速器驱动次临界装置（ADS）对加速器运行稳定性和失束指标提出了前所未有的要求。对于超导直线加速器的研究发现,超导腔失效是失束的一个较大的来源,故针对超导腔的失效情况,本文提出分段补偿新方法,以提高高功率超导直线加速器的运行稳定性。提出的分段补偿方法与已有的全局补偿和局部补偿的方法相比,在保证加速器出口束流品质与无束损束流传输的同时,分段补偿束流能量,优化了参与能量补偿的超导腔数量,降低超导腔的备份功率源需求。论文最后针对CiADS的超导直线加速器的物理设计,做了分段补偿的多粒子模拟。结果表明,采用了分段补偿方法实现超导腔失效补偿的前提下,参与补偿过程中改变腔压的超导腔数量比例为48%,对功率源总的功率备份冗余需求小于20%。The accelerator driven subcritical system (ADS) has put forward unprecedented demands on the stability and beam trip of the accelerator operation. Depending on analysis, failure of the superconducting cavities is a major cause for beam trip of the superconducting cavity. Therefore, a new method of piecewise compensation is proposed to improve the stability of high power superconductivity linac. The piecewise compensation scheme proposed in this paper is compared with the existing global compensation and local compensation technology. While guaranteeing the beam quality of the accelerator and without beam loss transmission, the piecewise compensation method can optimize the number of superconducting cavities involved in energy compensation and reduce the demand for the backup redundancy of power sources of the superconducting cavities. At the end of the paper, the multi-particle simulation of piecewise compensation aims at the physical design of CiADS superconducting linac. The result shows that 48% of superconducting cavities modify the cavity's Epeak during the compensation process and the demanded redundancy of total power sources is less than 20% under the premise of successful compensation for the failure of superconducting cavities through the piecewise compensation method.     

Design of the new couplers for C-ADS RFQ

A new special coupler with a kind of bowl-shaped ceramic window for a proton linear accelerator named the Chinese Accelerator Driven System (C-ADS) at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) has been simulated and constructed and a continuous wave (CW) beam commissioning through a four-meter long radio frequency quadruple (RFQ) was completed by the end of July 2014. In the experiments of conditioning and beam, some problems were promoted gradually such as sparking and thermal issues. Finally, two new couplers were passed with almost 110 kW CW power and 120 kW pulsed mode, respectively. The 10 mA intensity beam experiments have now been completed, and the couplers during the operation had no thermal or electro-magnetic problems. The detailed design and results are presented in the paper.     

β=0.45, f=350 MHz Spoke腔的设计

近几年来,低b超导腔(例如spoke型，re-entrant 型,CH型)作为质子或者离子在中低能段的加速结构成为研究的热点.许多实验结果表明spoke腔在低能段是很好的选择,在中能段跟椭球腔相比也很具有竞争实力,为此,北京大学开展了β=0.45,频率为350MHz的spoke型质子超导加速腔研究. 本文详细阐述了这种腔的结构及电磁场的设计,从射频参数Q,r/Q,最大表面电磁场和加速效率的计算结果来看,它具有很好的加速性能.     

Dichotomic Decision Optimization for the Design of HVDC Superconducting Links

Superconducting links are an innovative solution for bulk power transmission, distinguished by their compact dimensions, high efficiency and small environmental footprint. As with any new technology field, there is a large amount of design possibilities for such links, each of them having a profound impact on the system configuration. For instance, changing the material can imply a change in the working temperature from 20 to 70 K and has consequences on the maximum link length. This article presents the dichotomic decision possibilities for the optimized design of a high-power superconducting link, focusing on some of the key components of the cable system. The complex design optimization process is exemplified using the European project Best Paths, in which the first 3-gigawatt-class superconducting cable system was designed, optimized, manufactured, and successfully tested.     

HWR010超导腔提取耦合器的优化设计

我国自主研发的超导加速器CAFe是ADS加速器的前端示范装置,其对加速器的运行稳定性有非常高的要求.在CAFe的运行中存在场致发射效应干扰超导腔提取信号的问题,是造成超导腔运行故障最频繁的问题之一,这严重降低了加速器的稳定性.这一问题是由于超导腔内的场致发射电子在相关微波传输器件上引起了放电现象,干扰了信号的传输并造成...     

1.3GHz新结构超导实用单胞腔物理设计

报道了一个新设计的单胞腔,其表面电场峰值与加速梯度之比值E_p/E_acc小于1.8.把它做为9胞腔的半端胞时,其中间胞π模的E_p/E_acc可以低到2.024,胞-胞间耦合系数k可高达1.95%.并用阻带模型计算了单胞腔的高次模特性;阐述了超导驻波腔腔形的概念、腔几何参数定义、腔胞和束管设计原则、加速模和高次模计算方法,并讨论了程序计算的可靠性条件.     

Entanglement and Mixedness of a Superconducting Qubit Coupled to an Open Superconducting Cavity

We investigate entanglement and mixedness of a superconducting qubit coupled to the damped cavity field. We introduce a new measure for the mixedness and find that the phase damping of the cavity leads to simultaneous long-death of the entropy squeezing, the purity of the qubit states, and the entanglement of the field–qubit system.     

Optimization Design of Electromagnetic Nihility Nanoparticles

Nihility material is a medium whose relative permittivity and permeability tend to zero simultaneously.In this work,comparing with the scattering properties of perfect nihility nanoparticles(made from nihility material),we provide an optimization design of electromagnetic nihility nanoparticles,which is a coated hybrid nanosphere constituted by commutative ε-negative(ENG) and μ-negative(MNG) media.Compared to a single ENG or MNG nanosphere,it is found that the total and back scattering spectra of coated hybrid nanospheres are much closer to those of perfect nihility nanospheres.Moreover,it is observed that the scattered electromagnetic field distribution of coated hybrid nanospheres is identical to that of perfect nihility nanospheres.These results indicate that the combination of commutative ENG and MNG media can constitute a composite structure which gives the closest approximation of electromagnetic scattering of perfect nihility nanospheres in a wide frequency range.     

1.3GHz单cell高梯度低损耗超导腔设计研究

计划中的国际直线对撞机(简称 ILC), 已确定采用低温超导技术. 研究表明, ILC的整体造价与超导腔的加速梯度密切相关, 因此新型高梯度超导腔的研制, 已成为目前ILC的热门课题. 目前超导腔加速梯度的提高受限于超导体射频临界磁场(H_c^rf), 希望通过腔形的优化设计, 来减小超导腔表面峰值磁场与加速梯度的比值(H_p/E_acc), 进而提高超导腔的加速梯度, 以满足ILC的要求. 目前, 具有代表性的高梯度超导腔新腔形有两种, 即低损耗超导腔(LLSCC)和重入式超导腔(RESCC). LLSCC相对于RESCC而言, 具有较低的H_p/E_acc, 因此在理论上LLSCC更易于达到较高的梯度. 作者对1.3GHz单cell高梯度低损耗超导腔的腔形进行了详细的研究, 给出了相应低损耗超导腔腔形, 并对这一设计结果进行了分析比较.