Solvent extraction of Co/II/ with isonitrosobenzoylacetone into chloroform

A rapid and selective method has been developed for the extraction of Co/II/ with isonitrosobenzoylacetone into chloroform. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient value such as effect of pH, time of equilibration, effect of various cations and anions have been evaluated. The stoichiometry of metal to reagent determined by the method of substoichiometric extraction was found to be 12. It was further supported by the slope ratio method.     

Solvent extraction of Cu/II/ with 1,2,3-benzotriazole into chloroform

1,2,3-Benzotriazole/1,2,3-BT/ has been used for the extraction of Cu/II/ into chloroform. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient of Cu/II/ was evaluated. The stoichiometry of metal:reagent, determined by the method of substoichiometric extraction and slope ratio was found to be 12. Separation factor for a number of elements in the extraction of Cu/II/ has been evaluated.     

Solvent extraction of Tl/I/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform

The extraction of Tl/I/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform has been studied. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient value has been evaluated. The stoichiometry of the extracted species obtained from the substoichiometric extraction was found to be 11. This war further supported by the slope ratio method. Decontamination factors of a number of elements in the substoichiometric extraction of Tl/I/ were also obtained.     

Solvent extraction of silver/I/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform

A rapid and selective method for the extraction of Ag/I/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole/2-HMBT/ into chloroform has been developed. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient of Ag/I/ such as pH, time of equilibration, solvents, anion interferences, cation interference and stoichiometry of the metal to reagent have been established.     

Solvent extraction of Mn/II/ with 2-propionyl, 1-naphthol oxime/2-PRONAPOX/ into chloroform

A rapid method has been described for the quantitative extraction of milligram amounts of Mn/II/ with 2-PRONAPOX into CHCl₃. The extraction coefficient /E/ of Mn/II/ between CHCl₃ and aqueous solution containing 0.2M NH₄Cl shows a maximum value of E=143 at pH 10.5. The percentage extraction is better than 98% in the pH range from 9 to 11 and an equilibration time of 6 min. The effects of anions and cations have been studied. The stoichiometry of metal: reagent determined by substoichiometric extraction and slope ratio method is found to be 12. The decontamination factors for most of the elements are better than 10⁴ in the substoichiometric extraction of Mn/II/.     

Solvent extraction of Sb(III) with malachite green into chloroform

A rapid and selective method for the solvent extraction of Sb(III) using malachite green (C. I. Basic green 4) has been described. Effect of different parameters affecting the extraction coefficient value of Sb(III) such as acidity, time of equilibration, KI concentration, solvents, anions, etc. has been studied. For various elements the separation factor has been evaluated. The stoichiometry of the extracted species has been determined by the method of substoichiometric extraction. The decontamination factor for some elements using substoichiometric quantities of the extracting agent has been evaluated. Radiotracers were employed for the extraction studies. The method elaborated has been employed for the quantitative determination of antimony in normal, benign and cancerous tissues of the human brain.     

Solvent extraction of Os(IV) with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform

2-mercaptobenzothiazole has been used for the solvent extraction of Os(IV) in acidic medium. The extraction of Os(IV) was found to be better than 90% over the pH range of 3.0 to 5.0 with an equilibration time of 5.0 minutes. The stoichiometry of metal:reagent determined by substoichiometric extraction and slope ratio method was found to be 1∶4. Decontamination factor for various elements in the substoichiometric extraction of Os(IV) were also evaluated.     

Solvent extraction of Zn/II/ with 1,2,3-benzotriazole into n-hepatanol

A method based on solvent extraction has been developed for the radiochemical separation of Zn/II/ from other elements employing 1,2,3-benzotriazole as a complexing agent and n-heptanol as an extractant. Optimum conditions for the extraction have been established. The effect of various anions and cations on the extraction coefficient value of Zn/II/ has been studied. The stoichiometry of the metal to reagent determined by the method of substoichiometric extraction and slope-ratio method was found to be 12.     

Solvent extraction of zinc with 5,7-dichloro-2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline into chloroform

The distribution equilibria of the zinc complex with 5,7-dichloro-2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline in the water-chloroform system have been studied at 25 degrees . The influence of pH, reagent and metal concentrations, and the presence of sodium perchlorate in the aqueous phase has been determined. From quantitative evaluation of the extraction equilibrium data, it has been deduced that the complex extracted is the simple 1:2 chelate, ZnR(2), although at ligand concentrations higher than 0.3M, the self-adduct complex seems to begin to form. The extraction constant of the ZnR(2) species, refined by means of the program Letagrop-Distribution, has the value log K(ex) = - 6.15 +/- 0.07.     

A study on solvent extraction of Cu/II/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform

A method has been developed for the rapid and selective extraction of Cu/II/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole /2-HMBT/ into chloroform. The effect of various parameters on the extractioncoefficient value have been studied. The stoichiometry of the extracted species of 12 /Cu2-HMBT/ was obtained by the slope ratio method and by the method of substoichiometric extraction.     

Solvent extraction of cadmium/II/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into methyl iso-butyl ketone

The extraction of cadmium/II/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole /2HMBT/ into methyl iso-butyl ketone has been studied. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient value such as effect of pH, time of equilibration, effect of anions and cations have been evaluated. The stiochiometry of the extracted species obtained by the method of substoichiometric extraction and mole ratio method was found to be 1:2. Decontamination factors for a number of elements in the substoichiometric extraction of Cd/II/ were also obtained.     

A study on the solvent extraction of Hg/II/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into chloroform

The extraction of mercury/II/ with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole /2-HMBT/ into chloroform has been studied. The effect of various parameters on the extraction coefficient value such as effect of pH, time of equilibration, effect of anions and cations have been evaluated. The stoichiometry of the extracted species obtained by the method of substoichiometric extraction and slope ratio method was found to be 1∶2. Decontamination factors for a number of elements in the substoichiometric extraction of Hg/II/ were also obtained.     

Solvent extraction of cobalt and nickel with 5,7-dichloro-2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline into chloroform

Summary The distribution equilibria of the cobalt and nickel complexes with 5,7-dichloro-2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline in the water-chloroform system have been studied. The influence of pH, reagent and metal concentrations, and the presence of NaClO₄ or Na₂SO₄ in the aqueous phase has been studied. From slope analysis of the distribution curves the compositions of the extracted species have been determined. The cobalt complexes extracted are [Co₂R₃(RH)]ClO₄, [Co₂R₃(RH)₃]ClO₄ and Co₂R₄; in all of them the metal is in oxidation state Co(II). For nickel the NiR₂ and NiR₂(RH) complexes are extracted.

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Die Extraktion von Kobalt und Nickel mit 5,7-Dichlor-2-methyl-8-hydroxychinolin in Chloroform

Zusammenfassung Die Verteilung der Kobaltund Nickel-Komplexe mit 5,7-Dichlor-2-methyl-8-hydroxychinolin in dem System Wasser-Chloroform wurde untersucht. Auch der Einfluß des pH, der Reagensund Metallkonzentration und der Anwesenheit von NaClO₄ oder Na₂SO₄ in der wäßrigen Phase auf das Verteilungsgleichgewicht wurde geprüft. Aus der Lage der Verteilungskurven wurde die Zusammensetzung der extrahierten Substanzen bestimmt. Die extrahierten Kobaltverbindungen waren [Co₂R₃(RH)]ClO₄, [Co_{2R 3}(RH)₃]ClO₄ und Co₂R₄; diese enthalten alle Co(II). Im Falle des Nickels wurden die Verbindungen NiR₂ und NiR₂(RH) beobachtet.

     

Radiochemical separation of Pd/II/ with isonitrosobenzoylacetone in benzene

The reagent isonitrosobenzoylacetone /HINBA/ was used for the radiochemical separation of Pd/II/ employing solvent extraction. Based on various parameters such as effect of molarity of the acid, time of equilibration and effect of various solvents; the extraction coefficient value of Pd/II/ has been evaluated. The stoichiometry of the metal to reagent was determined by the substoichiometric extraction and slope-ratio method and was found to be 12.     

Solvent extraction of Zn(II), Cu(II) and Sb(III) with N-m-tolyl-p-methoxybenzohydroxamic acid (TMBHA) into chloroform

Rapid methods have been described for the quantitative extraction of milligram amounts of Zn(II), Cu(II) and Sb(III) with TMBHA into chloroform. The separation factor for many elements was found to be at least greater than 10⁴. The metal: reagent stoichiometry determined by methods like slope ratio, mole ratio and substoichiometric extraction were found to be 12 for Zn(II) and Cu(II), and 23 for Sb(III).     

Solvent extraction of cobalt/II/with 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone thiosemicarbazone

The extraction of cobalt/II/ from ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide buffer solutions of pH 6.5 by 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone thiosemicarbazone /DATS/ in n-butanol has been studied. Cobalt/II/ forms 11 complex /metal:reagent/ with DATS. Addition of pyridine enhances the extraction. The influence of metal concentration and the effect of diverse ions on the extraction of cobalt/II/ have been investigated.     

Solvent extraction of zinc(II) with ethylthioacetoacetate into ethyl acetate

A method has been developed for the extraction of Zn(II) with ethylthioacetoacetate (HETAcAc) into ethyl acetate from an alkaline medium. Various parameters affecting the extraction of Zn(II) have been investigated. The stoichiometry of the extracted species has been determined by the slope-ratio method.     

Solvent extraction of zinc/II/ with sulphoxides: Theoretical analysis of extraction behaviour

This paper describes a theoretical method for analyzing the behaviour of⁶⁵Zn during solvent extraction from ammonium thiocyanate solutions with dialkyl sulphoxides. The mechanism of extraction of Zn/II/ from thiocyanate medium by sulphoxides may be represented by the following general equation: $$xM_{aq}^{m + } + ySCN_{aq}^ - + zS_{org} \rightleftharpoons [M_x /SCN/_y ]^{mx - y} .zS_{org} $$ where M^m+ is the metal ion and S is the extractant. Expressions for the distribution coefficients were derived taking into account complexation of the metal in the aqueous phase by inorganic ligands and also the dissociation of the extracted ion-pairs in the organic phase. Using these expressions, the values of the extraction constants were determined by a least-squares fit with the experimental extraction data. From these extraction constants, the various species extracted into the organic phase were resolved. The influence of the metal concentration, temperature and the diluent on the extraction of Zn/II/ has been investigated.     

Solvent extraction of In/III/ with 1,2,3-bezotriazole into n-heptanol

Aqueous 1,2,3-benzotriazole has been used for the extraction of In/III/ in alkaline medium. The extraction of In/III/ was found to be better than 99% over the pH range 5.0–10.0 and an equilibration time of 2.0 min. The effect of anions and cations on the extraction coefficient has been studied. The stoichiometry of metal: reagent determined by the slope-ratio method was found to be 13. Separation factors for around 20 elements were better than 10³.     

Solvent extraction of Au/III/ with 1,2,3-benzotriazole into n-butanol

Aqueous 1,2,3-benzotriazole/1,2,3-BT/ has been used for the extraction of Au/III/ from acidic medium into n-butanol. The extraction of Au/III/ was found to be better than 98% over the pH range 2.0–7.0 and an equilibration time of 2.0 min. The effect of anions and cations on the extraction coefficient has been studied. The stoichiometry of metal: reagent determined by the slope ratio method was found to be 13. Separation factor for many elements in the extraction of Au/III/ has been evaluated.