刚塑性有限元体积可压缩法的简化形式

基于传统的刚塑性有限元体积可压缩法中一直忽视了等效应变速率ε的矩阵表达式可进一步简化，本文运用矩阵运算方法简化了等效应变速率的矩阵表达式。并结合刚塑性可压缩材料的变分原理，导出了刚塑性有限元体积可压缩法的简化计算格式     

薄壁弯曲结构有限元计算精度研究

基于h-p型有限元精度计算法,以薄壁弯曲结构为研究对象,系统地介绍了实体单元常见的分类方法及优缺点;通过理论公式推导了薄壁弯曲结构发生弹性和弹塑性变形时的位移和应力理论解;采用有限元法计算数值解,研究了影响有限元计算精度的因素和规律,并用算例证实了研究结果的合理性。研究结果表明:当单元类型、积分方式、阶次、长高比相同时,只有1层实体单元情况下得到的计算误差总是大于多层单元;只要严格控制单元长高比为1左右,单元层数不小于4层,采用一阶全积分六面体单元就可以控制位移及应力误差在5%以内;当采用一阶减缩积分六面体单元,只需2层单元就可以控制弹性位移误差在1%左右,但此时应力误差达30%以上,对于塑性变形,单元层数达6层时其位移误差仍达8%以上;对于二阶六面体及二阶四面体单元,只需2层单元,且不需严格控制单元长高比为1左右就可以使位移及应力计算误差在5%以内。     

剪切弯曲下短深梁位移数值计算精度的研究

分析了短深梁位移的基本解，评述了有限元解法中关于高次分布力简化为节点力的问题。使用虚功原理和位移线性插值推导了满足二次分布力作用的精确节点力分配公式。通过矩形截面悬臂梁自由终端受集中载荷的算例，阐明了提高短深梁位移计算精度的途径。     

超塑性恒压充模胀形过程各力学量场的影响因素及影响规律

采用刚粘塑性有限元法模拟了超塑性恒压充模胀形过程，分析了应变速率敏感性指数ｍ、厚向异性系数Ｒ、初始板厚、界面摩擦等因素对应力、应变和应变速率等力学量场的影响；通过对铝合金ＬＹ１２ＣＺ板料的相应实验对模拟结果进行了验证     

几何精确NURBS有限元中边界条件施加方式对精度影响的三维计算分析

非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)有限元法把计算机辅助几何设计(CAGD)中的NURBS几何构形方法与有限元方法有机结合起来,有效消除了有限元离散模型的几何误差,提高了计算精度。但是由于NURBS基函数不是插值函数,直接在控制节点上施加位移边界条件会引起较大误差。本文详细讨论了NURBS基函数的插值特性,在NURBS有限元分析中采用罚函数法施加位移边界条件,提高了收敛率和计算精度。结合典型三维弹性力学问题,对两种施加位移边界条件的方法进行了对比和分析。计算结果表明,直接施加位移边界条件会导致收敛率和精度的明显降低,而基于罚函数法的NURBS有限元分析则能达到最优收敛率,并具有更高的精度。     

从矩阵位移法看有限元应力精度的损失与恢复

矩阵位移法在计算杆端力时须叠加一个“固端力”项,而在有限元法中结点（应）力是直接对位移求导获得的,丢失了“固端力”一项,致使应力的精度大为下降．其实,对于一维有限元,同样可以对结点力叠加一个“固端力”项,使结点内力的精度与位移不相上下,而且这一做法几乎可以直接推广到半解析的有限元线法的二维问题中．本文简要介绍这一最新研究的思路、做法和一些初步的数值结果．     

以有限元方法为主体的计算气动热力学

计算气动热力学是一个新的领域,它是航天技术发展的产物,同时它又对航天技术的发展起了很大的推动作用.本文论述了航天器与气动热力学,计算气动热力学与有限元法,有限元法与气体-热-结构三位一体化以及计算气动热力学的前景.     

有限元应力计算结果改善处理的一种实用方法

用有限元法进行数值模拟时,针对刚度相差较大的材料组成的构造,如何对其应力计算结果进行改善处理,以合理地反映客观实际,本文提出了一种简单实用的处理方法,并通过实例证明了该方法的合理性。     

计算液体晃动ALE网格速度的高精度方法

利用自由液面曲率参量,在传统求解方法基础上对相应结点网格速度引入修正,以提高计算精度.域内网格速度计算,由传统线性关系改用分段函数表达,以保证网格剖分的质量. 将二维矩形贮箱内流体晃动问题作为算例,求解激励响应结果并与已有物理实验进行对比,二者符合较好.     

基于结构化网格的导管螺旋桨敞水性能计算和艇桨干扰分析

本文采用结构化网格建模求解RANS方程,建立了导管桨和艇桨组合体的水动力性能数值计算方法.计算中以JD75简易导管与Ka4-70螺旋桨组合的导管螺旋桨及其与SUBOFF艇体模型的组合体为研究对象,利用RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭RANS方程得到控制方程.通过滑移网格方法计算了导管桨敞水性能,然后将该桨置于全附体SUBOFF潜艇模型后,计算螺旋桨与主艇体间的干扰特性,文中对流场等结果进行了分析比较.     

Experimental and FEM study of windshield subjected to high speed bird impact

Both experimental and finite element model (FEM) results are presented for the dynamic strength behavior of windshield subjected to bird impact. The experimental data taken from a series of high speed photographs are compared with the numerical results predicted by using FEM in which the windshield was modeled entirely with solid elements and the bird body was approximately simulated by an elastic-plastic material with failure element behavior. Effective plastic strain and element pressure were adopted as the failure criteria and once the pressure or the effective plastic strain of an element reached the critical value, the element would lose the tensile resistance capability completely. The deflection and stress distribution in the windshield were obtained. It is shown that the result from the finite element analysis agrees with those from the full-scale bird impact test. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10272011)     

基于改进位移模式的一维有限元超收敛算法

将多尺度方法的思想与超收敛计算的解析公式结合起来,提出了改进有限元位移模式的算法。利用超收敛计算的解析公式,将高阶有限元解的位移模式用常规有限元解的位移模式表示。用常规有限元解的位移模式与高阶有限元解的位移模式之和构造新的位移模式,采用积分形式推导了单元刚度矩阵。该算法在前处理和后处理两个阶段都使用超收敛计算公式,在常规试函数的基础上,增加了高阶试函数,使得单元内平衡方程的残差减少,从而达到提高精度的目标。对于线性单元,本文结点和单元的位移、导数都达到了h4阶的超收敛精度。     

A comparative study on algorithms of boundary element solution for free torsional vibration of bodies of revolution

In this paper the functionu=rsin in cylindrical coordinates (r,,z) is introduced into the equation for free torsional vibration of bodies of revolution (where=v / r represents the angle of twist). With the static fundamental solution (–1 /R) a mixed BEM / FEM equation is derived. The domain integral term in the equation is discretized by Serendipity elements instead of commonly used constant value finite elements in the literature. The equation is an algebraic eigenvalue one. The dynamic fundamental solution (e ^1R /R) is also used for deriving the other mixed BEM / FEM equation. An appropriate iterative solution procedure is described. An algebraic eigenvalue equation can be obtained and its solution accuracy is almost interior meshing independent. A number of examples are studied. The results show the good economy and high accuracy of the algorithms proposed.The Project is Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

三维弹塑性接触边界元网络并行解法

给出三维弹塑性接触边界元网络并行解法及C语言源程序。借助于网络中的两台微机对宽犀比为200的板带轧制过程进行了数值模拟，与原单机上运行的传统串行计算方法相比，在确保数值精度条件下，缩短计算时间，提高了计算效率。     

一种基于P-S-N的可靠性高精确度数值求解方法

根据应力-强度干涉分布理论和可靠性设计方法,建立基于P-S-N(可靠性-应力-寿命)的可靠度计算数学模型,并利用概率分布密度曲线干涉区间积分、复合梯形法则和辛普生法则来实现可靠度的高精确度数值化求解,通过编写计算机程序算法得以实现。算例表明,与传统的可靠性计算方法相比,系统可靠性的计算精确度得到显著提高,研究成果具有工程应用背景。     

Investigation of the numerical accuracy of shallow water flow estimation based on the ensemble Kalman filter using the SUPG FEM

ABSTRACT

The shallow water equation is employed as the governing equation to simulate flow behaviour in shallow water flow regions. The SUPG and the backward Euler methods, respectively, were employed for discretisation in space and time. In this paper, we carry out investigations on the numerical accuracy of shallow water flow estimation based on the ensemble Kalman filter using the SUPG FEM, and show the results of numerical experiments. The open channel model was employed as the numerical example in this study. The extended Kalman filter is generally employed to solve parameter identification problems. However, linearisation of the governing equation is carried out to apply parameter identification: it is known to be difficult to carry out computation reliably if problems that include a high degree of non-linearity need to be solved. On the other hand, linearisation of the governing equation is not carried out in the ensemble Kalman filter, so there is potential for the unknown parameter to be simultaneously identified in the computation of the data assimilation. The distribution of the unknown kinematic viscosity coefficient was therefore also investigated.     

基于有限元模拟的SUS304奥氏体不锈钢摩擦耦合变形过程的应力分析

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对SUS 304奥氏体不锈钢薄板的摩擦耦合变形过程进行了数值模拟.采用隐式-显式序列求解法和分段线性塑性材料模型,分析了钢带摩擦耦合变形时的应力分布规律及载荷、下压量和滑动速度等因素对钢带剪应力、主应力及等效应力的影响.结果表明:摩擦耦合变形的试验参数显著影响钢带的应力分布,验证了钢带在低于其屈服强度的应力条件下发生塑性变形的摩擦诱发效应.对奥氏体不锈钢摩擦诱发马氏体转变行为的研究及其摩擦学性能的改善具有一定的指导意义.     

Numerical investigation on performance of three solution reconstructions at cell interface in DVM simulation of flows in all Knudsen number regimes

In the conventional discrete velocity method (DVM), the local solution of collisionless Boltzmann equation with a piecewise constant distribution for the distribution function is utilized to reconstruct distribution function at the cell interface and then calculate numerical flux of Boltzmann equation for updating the distribution function at cell center. In this process, a numerical dissipation will be introduced into the solution due to neglecting of the collision effect at the cell interface. This numerical dissipation may deteriorate the solution accuracy of conventional DVM in the continuum flow regime, in which the particle collision happens frequently. To overcome this defect, two improved schemes are first presented in this work, in which the local discrete solution of Boltzmann equation with Shakhov model is adopted to evaluate the distribution function at the cell interface, while the equilibrium state of the local solution is computed by different ways. One of the improved schemes evaluates the equilibrium state exactly by the moments of distribution functions according to the compatibility condition, while the other computes the equilibrium state approximately by a simple average at the cell interface. Since the collision effect is incorporated in evaluation of numerical flux, the improved schemes can provide reasonable solutions in all flow regimes. On the other hand, they introduce some extra computational efforts for determining the collision term at the cell interface as compared with the conventional DVM. To assess the performance of different methods for simulation of flows in all flow regimes, a comprehensive study is then carried out in this work.     

Effects of tyre inflation pressure and forward speed on vibration of an unsuspended tractor

Relationships among intensity of vibrations, tractor speed, soil moisture content and tyre inflation pressure are important for the design of tractor suspension systems. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of tyre inflation pressure and forward speed on tractor vibration in the paddy fields of Southern China by using a two-wheel-drive unsuspended tractor with different combinations of forward speed, tyre inflation pressure and soil moisture content. During experiments, the vertical vibration accelerations in front and rear axles and triaxial vibration accelerations of the tractor body were measured using three accelerometers. Fourier analysis was applied to determine root mean square acceleration values in the low frequency range from 0.1 to 10 Hz. The results of the study indicate that tractor vibration is strongly affected by changing forward speed and tyre inflation pressure, and especially by changing forward speed and rear tyre inflation pressure. The research also shows the variation in the pattern of vibration intensity especially at the tractor’s front axle when field soil moisture content is changed.