卟啉类第二代光敏剂的发展

本文对目前用于光动力治疗的以卟啉为基础的第二代光敏剂进行了综述, 这些光敏剂中的大部分已进入临床或临床前试验, 光物理性质研究表明它们是很有前途的光动力药物. 本文同样介绍了连接生物分子和硼烷的卟啉衍生物, 作为光疗剂, 它们具有非常光明的前途.     

Ti-ZSM-11的红外光谱研究

随着杂原子分子筛研究领域的开拓与发展，近年来，对钛硅沸石的研究逐渐增多．Ti－ZSM－11（TS－2）型分子筛是由Reddy，Ratanasarny等[1]首先合成的．钛硅沸石的表征与其它杂原子分子筛相比较为复杂，对杂原子Ti是否进入了骨架还没有一个直接的证据，且争议较多．在红外光谱的研究中，对960cm－1－980cm－1区间的特征吸收的归属也存在着很大的分歧[2－4]．钛硅沸石在H2O2对有机化合物的选择氧化领域有极其优良的催化性能[1]，因此，对它的开发有广泛的应用前景．本文以动态和静态相结合的水热晶化法合成了Ti－ZSM－11型分子筛．IR光…     

交叉共轭型烯酮化合物分子内的电荷转移

近年来有关分子内电行转移化合物的设计、合成及其光谱、光物理并为的研究引起＾们极大的兴趣[1－4]．这类化合物在激发态时常表现出一些特殊的性能，如出现扭曲的分子内电行转移（TICT）现象，并在荧光光谱中出现奇特的K重发光和在荧光强度与温度的依赖关系上出现反常等[5]．TICT态的形成强烈的依赖于化合物分子本身的结构，屯依赖于化合物分子所处环境的极性、温度和粘度等因素同．带有强给电子基（CH3卜N烁酮类化合物是一类有效的光敏剂．它广泛的应用于如光引发聚合、全息成像[7-8]等不同领域．同时其光谱及光物理行为的研究也已兑…     

生命分析化学国家重点实验室在肿瘤治疗方面取得新进展

肿瘤的高效、高选择性治疗是癌症治疗研究的热点。与传统的癌症治疗(手术、放疗、化疗)技术不同,光动力治疗用光激发光敏剂,将能量传递给周围的分子氧(3O2),产生具有瞬时强氧化性的单线态氧(1O2),这种1O2可破坏肿瘤组织和癌细胞,实现癌症的高效治疗。在光动力治疗研究领域,光敏剂的设计与选择是其核心问题。目前临床使用的光敏剂,大多对肿瘤组织或细胞选择性不高,导致肿瘤组织周围的正常组织也受到损伤,而且病人在接受光动力治疗以后仍需长时间避光以减轻皮肤红肿、色素沉着等光毒性反应。因此,寻找新型光敏剂以实现1O2在肿瘤组织和细胞中的选择性释放是光动力治疗技术应用的关键问题。     

常温常压下光促进烯烃与一氧化碳的羰基化反应

 报道了烯烃（环己烯和1－辛烯）与一氧化碳通过光促进实现常温常压非贵金属（钴配合物）催化的羰基化反应．研究发现，以Co（OAc）2为催化剂时，不需要加入光敏剂丙酮就能发生反应；CoSalen，吡啶－2－羧酸钴和大环配合物［Co（14）4，11－diene－N4］I2是较好的催化剂，其催化活性比Co（OAc）2高．其中，吡啶－2－羧酸钴与Co（OAc）2相同，反应中不需要光敏剂存在，其选择性很高．通过氘代丙酮和氘代甲醇同位素实验，进一步证实了反应中双键异构的存在和副产物的分析结果．     

Ni-WC复合电极在弱酸性介质中的析氢催化性能

复合电沉积技术可以用来获得许多具有特殊功能的表层复合材料[1]．其中，用来制各具有电催化活性的表层功能复合材料，引起了人们的极大兴趣[2－4]．对酸性介质中氢的析出反应，金属和合金电催化作用的研究已有不少报导[5－8]，但金属基复合物电催化作用研究的报告，尚不多见．本研究工作米用复合电沉积方法制备WC微粒弥散于Ni中的复合镀层，考察了其在弱酸性介质中析氢反应的电催化性能．1实验制各Ni－WC复合电极的基础镇液组成为NiSO4·6H2O310g·L－1，NiCl2·6H2O50g·L－1，H3BO340g·L-1．所用试剂均为分析纯级，用去离子水…     

对叔丁基杯[6]-1,4-2,5-双冠醚的合成、构象及其对阳离子的识别性能研究

采用分步法高产率地合成了系列新型对叔丁基杯[6]双冠醚，并得到了除杯式与1，2，3－交替式构象之外的第3种稳定构象的杯[6]衍生物：1，4－交替式杯[6]-1,4-2,5-双冠醚。研究了它们对碱金属及脂肪胺离子的两相萃取性能，发现杯[6]双冠醚具有与杯[6]单冠醚不同的识别能力。     

吡咯并吡咯二酮类光敏剂/光热试剂在肿瘤治疗中的应用研究进展

肿瘤的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,已成为威胁人类健康的第一大疾病.光疗(光动力疗法和光热疗法)作为一类新型的肿瘤治疗方式,具有创伤小、治疗周期短、毒副作用低、选择性好、无抗药性和免疫抑制等优点,受到了研究人员的广泛关注,并已被逐步应用于临床.作为光疗中至关重要的决定性因素,光敏剂和光热试剂的研究受到越来越多的重视.吡咯并吡咯二酮具有平面性好、电子亲和势强、合成简单、结构易修饰及摩尔吸光系数高等优点,是一种优异的光敏剂和光热试剂.从吡咯并吡咯二酮的结构改造、结构与性能关系、光疗作用机理等方面对近年来吡咯并吡咯二酮类光敏剂和光热试剂的研究现状进行了综述,并对其发展趋势进行了展望.     

柱撑化合物Zn2Al-PW11Z的结构模型及酯化活性

杂多化合物是性能优异的酸型和氧化型或双功能催化剂[1－4]，而通式为的阴离子粘土通常具有减催化或还原催化性能[5，6]．因此，从在分子及原子水平上设计催化剂，调控催化性能观点出发，人们期望将体积较大的杂多阴离子嵌入阴离子粘土层间，合成大层间距的新型柱撑微孔材料．1988年Pinnavaia等人[7]首次报导了Zn2Al－V10O28是具有2．0nm孔径分布的中微孔材料．最近，笔者将单取代型Keggin结构杂多阴离子GeW11O39Z（H2O）6－（其中Z＝Ni2 和Cu2 ）和缺位Keggin结构的GeW11O嵌入Zn2Al－NO3层间，合成了通道高度为0．9nm的新型柱撑…     

柱撑阴离子粘土的合成、表征及催化性能研究(Ⅴ)

近年来，同多酸和杂多酸型层往化合物作为新型微孔催化剂，在固体无机合成化学和多酸催化化学等领域引起人们的关注[1-3]．Pinnavaia[3]等人首先将同多阴离子发通过与Zn2AlNO3进行离子交换反应，制备了通道高度为0．72urn的新型无机层柱化合物Zn2Al－V10O28．并发现它在液·固相体系中，对异丙醇光氧化成丙酮的反应具有较高活性与选择性．最近，我们采用类似的方法制备了单取代和三取代型Keggin结构杂多阴离子XW11ZO39（H2O）n-[4]和XW9Z3O37（H2O）[5]（分别缩写成XW11Z和XW9Z3）柱撑的ZnAl层柱双羟基化合物Zn2Al－HPOMs（H…     

Development of glucose amperometric biosensor based on a novel attractive enzyme immobilization matrix: amino derivative of thiacalix[4]arene

Calixarenes and their derivatives may be a promising material for enzyme immobilization owing to their particular configuration, unique molecule recognition function and aggregation properties. In this paper, p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene tetra-amine (TC4TA) was first used as enzyme immobilization material. This attractive material was exploited for the mild immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOD) to develop glucose amperometric biosensor. GOD was strongly adsorbed on the TC4TA modified electrode to form TC4TA/GOD composite membrane. The adsorption mechanism was driven from the covalent bond between amino-group of TC4TA and carboxyl group of GOD and molecule recognition function of TC4TA. Amperometric detection of glucose was evaluated by holding the modified electrode at 0.60 V (versus SCE) to oxidize the hydrogen peroxide generated by the enzymatic reaction. The sensor (TC4TA/GOD) showed a relative fast response (response time was about 5 s), low detection limit (20 μM, S/N = 3), and high sensitivity (ca. 10.2 mA M⁻¹ cm⁻²) with a linear range of 0.08–10 mM of glucose, as well as a good operational and storage stability. In addition, optimization of the biosensor construction, the effects of the applied potential as well as common interfering compounds on the amperometric response of the sensor were investigated and discussed herein.     

以改性Al2O3为载体固定化葡萄糖氧化酶的研究

本文采用吸附和交联、生物和非生物催化剂结合的方法,制得活性高、稳定性好并以Al_2O_3.为载体的固定化葡萄糖氧化酶,其性能优于文献报导的结果.     

基于表面重建螺旋型铂铱电极的葡萄糖生物传感器

通过对螺旋型铂铱电极表面进行化学腐蚀和电化学沉积铂纳米粒子实现电极表面的重建和优化,研究了螺旋型铂铱电极在不同腐蚀时间和电沉积时间下的形貌及对过氧化氢(H2O2)的催化活性.对表面重建的工作电极涂覆氧化酶和半透膜,制备出了铂纳米粒子/葡萄糖氧化酶/环氧聚氨酯酶电极,并将其用作葡萄糖传感器的工作电极.传感器计时电流检测结果表明,表面重建后的酶电极传感器对葡萄糖的检测范围扩大为2~45 mmol/L,优于裸铂铱酶电极传感器,电流响应值和灵敏度得到明显提升,同时传感器还具有良好的稳定性和选择性.     

New approach to the immobilization of glucose oxidase on non-porous silica microspheres functionalized by (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS)

The immobilization and encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOD) onto the mesoporous and the non-porous silica spheres prepared by co-condensation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) in the water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion system were studied. The terminal amine group was used as the important functionality for GOD immobilization on the silica substrate. When only TEOS is used as a silica source, the disordered mesoporous silica microspheres are obtained. As the molar ratio of APTMS to TEOS (R_AT) increases, the surface area and pore volume of the silica particles measured by nitrogen adsorption and desorption method and SEM decrease rapidly. Particularly, the largest change of the surface morphology is observed between R_AT = 0.20 and R_AT = 0.25. The amount and the adsorption time of immobilized enzyme were measured by UV spectroscopy. About 20 wt% of GOD was immobilized into the silica substrates above R_AT = 0.60 and was completely adsorbed into the substrate of R_AT = 0.80 with lapse of 4 h after addition. In the measurement of the thermal stability, GOD dissolved in buffer solution loses nearly all of its activity after 30 min at 65 °C. In contrast, GOD immobilized on the surface-modified silica particles still retains about 90% of its activity after the same treatment. At this temperature, the immobilized glucose oxidase retained half of its initial activity after 4 h. It is shown that the suitable usage of functionalizing agent like APTMS as well as the control of surface morphology is very important on the immobilization of enzyme.     

EC-Pt/CNTs葡萄糖氧化酶电极

采用乙基纤维素(EC)和载Pt碳纳米管(CNTs)导电复合材料固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)制备EC-Pt/CNTs葡萄糖氧化酶电极.该电极在0~4 mmol/L的浓度范围内检测葡萄糖,灵敏度为0.85μA/mmol.L-1,浸泡18 d后电极活性仍达80%,EC-Pt/CNTs葡萄糖氧化酶电极可望构建葡萄糖传感器.     

STUDIES ON IMMOBILIZED GLUCOSE OXIDASE BY DIETHYLAMINOETHYL CELLULOSE COMPLEXES

The properties of immobilized glucose oxidase (GOD) by the complexes of diethylaminoethyl cellulose(DEAEC) with different polymers, such as polymethylacrylic acid (PMAA), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA), polyvinylaleohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO) and styrene-maleic acid copolymer (PSMA) were investigated. The activity of immobilized GOD was obviously influenced by the component of the DEAEC complexes. The relative activity of the immobilized GOD reached to maximum and over 90% of the native GOD. when the DEAEC-PMAA DEAEC-PAA complexes were used as a carrier with the molar ratio of DEAEC and polyacid of about one. Michaelis constants (Km) of the immobilized enzymes of DEAEC-GOD-PMAA and DEAEC-GOD-PAA were determined to be 1.25 and 1.00, respectively. Moreover, the immobilized GOD has a good storage stability and cyclic life.     

The Amperometric Glucose Enzyme Electrode by Immobilized Glucose Oxidase in Glucose Oxidase/N-ethyl-Poly (4-vinyl)pyridine Multilayer

Enzylnebasedampcr()metricbiosensorsha\'eattractedincreasinginterestinthe1astt`xodecades.Inordertofabricate[heenzyn1elayer,considerahlceff()rtsha\,eheendcv()tcdt(1thedeveloprnent()fvari()ustechniquesf()rin1n1obilizingthcen/yn1c"2.Rcccntly.thcp()lyelectrolyte-proteincomplcx111ultilayerassen1blybyaIternateelectr()staticadsorptionhasbcenrep()rted',amullilaycrc()nsistingofalterl1atepolyethylenimineandglucoseoxidasclaycrswasassemb1edhyLv()veltl/>.ThesebioIllo1eculararthitecturesopenawaytoconstruct…     

基于Dy_2(MoO_4)_3-AuNPs复合纳米材料的葡萄糖生物传感器

采用水热法合成了纳米材料钼酸镝[Dy_2(MoO_4)_3],并制备了Dy_2(MoO_4)_3-AuNPs复合材料,利用该复合材料固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)构建了葡萄糖生物传感器.通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和能谱分析(EDS)等手段对所制备的材料进行了表征,并利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和循环伏安(CV)曲线研究了该传感器的电化学性能.结果表明,Dy_2(MoO_4)_3-AuNPs复合材料具有较好的生物相容性,能增强固定化的GOD的生物活性,并促进GOD在电极表面的电子传递速率;该传感器在葡萄糖浓度为0.01~1.0 mmol/L范围内葡萄糖浓度与响应电流呈较好的线性关系,最低检出限为3.33μmol/L(S/N=3),该生物传感器还具有较好的稳定性和重现性.     

Immobilization and enzymatic activity of glucose oxidase on polystyrene surface modified with ozone aeration and UV irradiation in distilled water and/or aqueous ammonia solution

Adsorption condition and enzymatic activity of glucose oxidase (GOD) on polystyrene (PS) film surfaces modified with ozone aeration and UV irradiation (O3/UV) treatment were investigated. The total amount of GOD immobilized on the PS film modified with the O3/UV treatment in distilled water (PS-W film) was approximately twice as large as that on the film treated in an aqueous ammonia solution (PS-A film), whereas the specific activity of GOD on the PS-A film was four times higher than that on the PS-W film. In contrast, no enzymatic activity of GOD on the non-treated PS film was observed because of irreversible denaturation of the adsorbed GOD. We therefore conclude that the PS films modified by the O3/UV treatment in the aqueous media are effective in immobilizing GOD.     

具有强可见光吸收的富勒烯-Bodipy衍生物作为光催化剂在硫醚光催化氧化中的应用

以氟硼吡咯染料（Bodipy）做为光吸收天线,富勒烯作为分子内自旋转换单元,分别利用前者的强吸光以及后者的高效系间窜越的优点,制备了吸收波长灵活可调、无重原子、具有强可见光吸收能力、长寿命三重激发态（92.1 μs）的二元（Dyad）、三元化合物（Triad）做为有机三重态光敏剂;其中Triad具有宽谱带可见光吸收能力,提高了光敏剂参与的分子间能量转移或电子转移过程的效率。与传统的Ru（Ⅱ）配合物等三重态光敏剂相比,光催化硫醚氧化的反应时间大大缩短。通过吉布斯自由能的计算、活性氧物种的捕获实验、电子顺磁共振等方法,证明了在光催化氧化硫醚的反应过程中,同时存在超氧负离子自由基和单线态氧两个活性物种,从而加快了光催化氧化反应速率。该研究结果将对新型有机三重态光敏剂的分子结构设计以及在光催化有机合成反应中的应用起到一定的促进作用。